1、Section Learning about LanguageHe felt happy when his boss stated that he could setaside some time for exercise.当他的老板表明他可以留出点时间来锻炼时他很高兴。set aside 将放在一边；为节省或保留(钱或时间)典例 Ive been setting aside some money every week.我每周都存点钱。Lets set aside all formality.咱们不要拘泥于形式吧。拓展 set about sth./doing sth.着手干某事set off
2、 出发，动身；激起，引起set back 使推迟；使延误；把(钟表指针)往回拨set down 写下，记下；制定set fire to.放火烧set up 建立；开办set an example for sb.为某人树立榜样运用 用上面所提供的短语的适当形式填空 The bad news about the company _ awave of people selling its shares(股份)set offThe moment his wife returned home,he _cleaning up the messy house.set aboutHave you _ some
3、 money for your sonseducation?set asideNo.I havent made any plans for that yet.复习被动语态()：动词不定式的被动式一、被动语态英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。被动语态的常见句式是“主语(受动者)be动词的过去分词(by施动者)”，时态则由 be 动词体现。如：He was scolded by the English teacher.他被英语老师批评了。以 do
4、 为例，将各种时态的被动语态形式列表如下：二、动词不定式的被动式1当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式，其构成为“to be动词的过去分词”。2不定式的被动式有两种形式：一般式“to be done(表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作之后或几乎同时发生)”；完成式“to have been done(表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生)”。动词不定式的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。如：To be given such a good opportunity made me a littlesurprised.(作主语)被给了这么好的机会，我
5、有点惊讶。She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.(作宾语)她宁愿做更繁重的工作。Much work remains to be done.Stop talking,please.(作表语)还有很多工作要做，请停止交谈。She was the first woman to have been selected to such apost.(作定语)她是第一个被选举坐上这个位置的妇女。My parents dont allow such things to be done.(作宾补)我的父母不会允许做这样的事。3不定式的主动形式表示
6、被动含义(1)在“主语及物动词宾语to do(作定语)”结构中，不定式与宾语之间是动宾关系，同时与主语又是主谓关系时；或是句中存在名词或代词可以作为不定式的逻辑主语，构成逻辑上的主谓关系时。如：I have a meeting to attend today.(动作 attend 由 I 发出)我今天有个会议要参加。He lent me a piece of paper to write on.(me 是 write 的逻辑主语)他借给我一张纸来写。注意：如果不定式与主语没有主谓关系，或是没有名词或代词可作不定式的逻辑主语时，则需要用不定式的被动式。如：Ill go to the post o
7、ffice.Do you have a letter to be posted？(由谁寄出信件未知)我要去邮局。你有要寄的信吗？The news reporter raised some questions to be answered.(句中未出现回答问题的具体名词或代词)记者提了一些有待回答的问题。(2)在“主语(人或物)be形容词to do(作状语)”结构中，此时不定式可看作是不定式复合结构的省略。可用于此结构 的 形 容 词 有 easy,hard,difficult,dangerous,interesting,important,fit,pleasant 等。如：The proble
8、m is easy to work out.(此时 to work out 可看作是for sb.to work out 的省略)这个问题很容易解决。(3)在“withn.to do”结构中。如：With so many exercises to do,I cant go to the cinema.有这么多练习要做，我不能去看电影了。(4)一些作表语的不定式常用主动形式，如 let(租用),rent,hire,blame,seek 等。如：I felt I was to blame.我觉得我应受责备。三、使用被动语态时的几点注意1动词短语在转换成被动语态时不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。2系动词无
9、被动语态(keep 除外)。3“get过去分词”也可以表示被动，但使用这种结构不能带有“by施动者”。如：She got fired because of her faults.她因为失误而被解雇了。4在某些动词后用不带 to 的不定式构成复合宾语的句子，在改为被动结构时，不定式要加 to。如：The workers were made to work as long as 14 hours every day.工人们每天被迫工作长达十四个小时。5有些动词带双宾语，在用于被动结构时，若主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；若直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前则通常加上介词 for
10、/to。如：He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题。A new MP4 was given to him as a birthday gift.他收到了一个新的 MP4 作为生日礼物。一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1The letter _(post)three days ago and it _(arrive)yesterday.arrived2His first book,_(publish)next month,is based on atrue story.to be publ
11、ished3 There were many talented actors out there just waiting_(discover)to be discovered4 Whether the wounded man can survive tonight or notremains _(observe)to be observedwas posted5 More than 10,000 people are reported _(kill)in Japanese tsunami(海啸)to have been killed6He told me that the final exa
12、mination _(give)the next day.would be given7He hurried to the airport,only _(tell)that the planehad taken off.to be told8Hell show you the right path _(take)9 I have borrowed a book _ (read)during thevocation.to read10 The new play _(show)in the theatre now.Whydont you go in and see it?is being show
13、nto take二、完成句子is often heard to sing1He _(经常被听到唱)English songs.2 With a lot of problems _(要解决),thenewly-elected president is having a hard time.to solve3 Im going to Beijing next week.Do you have anything_(带给)your parents?to be taken to4People wish the murderer _(被处死)5The books are not allowed _(带出)theroom.to be taken out of6 The chair looks rather hard,but in fact,it is_(坐着很舒服)comfortable to sit onto be put to death
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