1、重点语法精析解码书面表达Unit 4 Sharing Period 3 Grammar&Writing 课件（人教版选修7，重庆专用）定语从句(一)一、概念1定语从句：在主从复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词，词组或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后。重点语法精析解码书面表达3关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫引导词，包括关系代词和关系副词。(1)位置：先行词之后(2)作用：连接作用，引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中充当一个成分。重点语法精析解码书面表达二、关系代词1常用的关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as(在从句中作主语
2、、宾语、定语、表语)2意义及作用重点语法精析解码书面表达Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come
3、 unwrapped.重点语法精析解码书面表达你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的窗户)重点语法精析解码书面表达3定语从句先行词为事或物时，只能用that不用which引导的情况：(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。That is one of the most int
4、eresting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。重点语法精析解码书面表达(3)先行词是不定代词时，如all，few，little，much，anything，nothing，something等。Nothing that the teacher does doesnt influence his students.老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。
5、(4)先行词既有人又有物时The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。重点语法精析解码书面表达(5)先行词被only，the very，no，one of等修饰时。My necklace is not the only thing thats missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。(6)在以which，who，whom引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用that。Which is the movie that you like best?哪
6、部是你最喜欢的电影？(7)先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用that。China is no longer the country that she was.中国再也不是原来的那个国家了。重点语法精析解码书面表达4然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that:(1)当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。The world in which we live is made of matter.我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near wh
7、ich they flow.洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。正：The world that we live in is made of matter.误：The world in that we live is made of matter.重点语法精析解码书面表达(2)在非限定性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意义时，只能用which。The sun heats the earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow.太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。The most important form of energy is electr
8、ical energy,which is widely used in our daily life.最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。重点语法精析解码书面表达关系副词1常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)重点语法精析解码书面表达I will never forget the days when I was forced to drop out of school.我永远也忘不了我被迫辍学的那些日子。I dont know the reason why he came so late.我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。The room where
9、he used to live has now been turned into a museum.他过去住的那所房子现在变成了一所博物馆了。重点语法精析解码书面表达3介词关系代词“介词关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构：(1)介词关系代词Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。重点语法精析解码书面表达(2)名词/代词/数词介词关系代词He wrote a book，the
10、name of which Ive completely forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。The old man has two daughters，both of whom are doctors.那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。(3)形容词最高级介词关系代词China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。重点语法精析解码书面表达(4)介词关系代词名词I called him by the wrong name,for which mistake I a
11、pologized.我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)重点语法精析解码书面表达【温馨提示】用于”介词关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词which/whom。Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels.Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，of which three were English novels.上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书
12、，其中三本是英文小说。关系代词前面的介词通常由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定。重点语法精析解码书面表达(5)很多情况下关系副词可以用“介词which/whom”来代替。when on/in/at/during which where in/on/at which whyfor whichThe day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.重点语法精析
13、解码书面表达见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.这是礼堂，医学会议将在此召开。重点
14、语法精析解码书面表达4并非先行词表示时间、地点、原因时都分别用when，where，why来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school?你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗？先行词the days表时间，但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语，因此不能用when而应该用which或that。重点语法精析解码书面表达误：This is the mo
15、untain village where I visited last year.正：This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.误：I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.正：Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.重点语法精析解码书面表达【感悟高考】1Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，_，for some reaso
16、n，had withdrawn from all human society.(2012浙江，17)AwhichBwhoCwhereDwhom解析句意：埃伦是一个专画鸟类和大自然的画家，因为某种原因，她远离了人类社会。此题考查非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ellen。因为关系词指人并且在从句中作主语，所以只能用who。答案 B重点语法精析解码书面表达2The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(2011天津，10)AwhenBthatCwhereDwhich解析句意：体力是你赖以生存的唯一手
17、段的日子一去不复返了。考查定语从句。句中days是定语从句的先行词，关系词代替days并在从句中充当时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。此定语从句是分隔式定语从句；从句与先行词因某种特殊的需要被句子其他成分隔开了。答案 A重点语法精析解码书面表达根据句子意思，在空白处填入适当的关系词I dont know the way _ he worked out.The person to _ you just talked is Mr.Li.This is the place_I spent my childhood.This is the place _ we visited last summer
18、.The reason _ he gave us was hard to accept.which/thatthat/in whichwhomwherewhich/that重点语法精析解码书面表达【单项填空】It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，_ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.Athat Bwhile Cwhich Dwhen解析空格处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment,其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，
19、因此只能填入关系副词when。答案 D重点语法精析解码书面表达We will be shown around the city:schools,museums,and some other places,_other visitors seldom go.Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen 解析空格处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词some other places,其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。答案 C重点语法精析解码书面表达Ive become good friends with several of the student
20、s in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich解析该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students,且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who,即A项。答案 A重点语法精析解码书面表达I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault.Awho Bthat Cas Dwhat解析 不定代词something作主语，用that引导。答案 B重点语法精析解码书面表达After
21、graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,_ turned out to be a wise decision.Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere解析考查定语从句。which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意：大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。答案 B重点语法精析解码书面表达应用文(二)便条【写作任务】写一个关于邀请朋友参加聚会的便条。【写作内容】Jill和Jack夫妇搬到上海郊区之后，一切步入正轨。他们计划在6月11日即本周六下午举办一个par
22、ty,请你以他们的语气，以便条的格式向好友Mary和John写一封邀请函。内容需包括：重点语法精析解码书面表达1聚会的时间；2在新家的感受；3希望对方赴约。【写作要求】1词数：100120词；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。重点语法精析解码书面表达【写作分析】第一步：认真审题一审体裁：本次写作要求写一个邀请便条类，属于应用文写作范畴。便条虽然内容简单，但却有其独特的风格。主要目的是为了尽快地把最新的信息、通知、要求或者活动的时间、地点转告给对方。常见的便条有欠条、留言、邀请信、感谢信和请假条等。邀请类便条是非常实用的一类便条，无论是在正式的邀请函上还是朋友熟人间的邀请都有可能用到它。重点语法
23、精析解码书面表达二审格式：英文书信由6个部分组成：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、谦语和署名。而便条写作有别于普通的书信，属于非正式书信。它的格式非常清晰简单。它的篇幅短小，无需写信内地址，有时也无需写祝词和谦语。如此清晰的格式，我们可以将其简单地总结为：称呼顶格、日期在右、首行缩进、署名签在后。三审结构：便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素：Date：便条日期Salutation：称呼Body：正文Signature：署名重点语法精析解码书面表达第二步：提炼要点1a suburban district2now that 3more or less4have a
24、 housewarming party5for yourself6above all7in no time8.have a good time 重点语法精析解码书面表达第三步：扩点成句1 We have just moved to a suburban district in southwestern Shanghai.2Now that everything is more or less orderly again.3We are going to have a housewarming party.4We want you to see for yourself that living
25、in the country is not so terrible after all.5The subway can take us to the city proper almost in no time.6We will have a good time on Saturday.重点语法精析解码书面表达【参考范文】6 June,2012Dear Mary and John，We have just moved to a suburban district in southwestern Shanghai.Now that everything is more or less orderl
26、y again,we are going to have a housewarming party this coming Saturday afternoon,11，June.We want you to see for yourself that living in the country is not so terrible after all，with the fresh air,clear sky and,above all,the subway that can take us to the city proper almost in no time.重点语法精析解码书面表达We
27、will have a good time on Saturday,we are sure.Many old friends are coming,too.Give us a ring to say that you are coming.Yours，Jill and Jack重点语法精析解码书面表达【亮点展示】本文语言简洁明了，没有过多的客套话，直截了当地表明了意图，符合便条的特点。同时文中要点全面，说明到位，能够用尽量少的语言表达尽量多的内容。本文还使用了一些高级短语，如now that，more or less，for yourself，above all，in no time等，另外长
28、句We want you to see for yourself that.in no time.和短句We will have a good time on Saturday,we are sure.Many old friends are coming,too.的交替使用，使文章读起来富有节奏感。重点语法精析解码书面表达【写作模板】称呼(Salutation)对于不太熟悉的人称：Sir;Gentleman;Dear President;Dear Madame等对于相识的人称：Dear Mr.Wallash;Dear Dr.Williams等对于熟悉的亲友称：Dear Mama;My dea
29、r Tom等正文(Body)_重点语法精析解码书面表达署名(Signature)Respectfully yours，Tom Yours truly，MaryFaithfully yours，RobertYours，Jane重点语法精析解码书面表达开篇句型：May we have the honor to invite you to the concert.?Will you please tell me what time will be convenient for us to get together.?We should be so happy to have you come to
30、dinner with us next Friday.I shall be grateful if you can come to my place at your earliest convenience.Wed like to invite you to.Would you like to come with us to.?Do you want to join us in.?重点语法精析解码书面表达Are you interested in.?Do you care to join us in.?We should be so happy to have you come to dinn
31、er with us tonight.结尾句型：Please reply as soon as possible.Please let us know your decision.Please let me know by calling me up at the office.We would be very happy if you could join us.We should appreciate an early reply.We look forward to receiving your early reply.We thank you now for this anticipated courtesy.
