1、课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航Unit 1 Women of achievement Section Learning about Language 课件（人教版必修4，课标通用）课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航研读教材，完成下列内容一、重点单词熟记1_n组织；机构；团体_vt.组织，组成2_vi.谈到；查阅；参考_n言及，谈论，参考3_n观众；听众；读者答案 1.organization；organize2.refer；reference3audience课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航二、重点短语探究1look down _蔑视；瞧不起2refer_查阅；参考；谈到3_
2、a whole整体上；作为一个整体4be settled_定居；安顿5protect sb_保护免受答案 1.on/upon2.to3.as4.in5.from课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航三、教材佳句背诵1Many people _poor people.许多人瞧不起穷人。2If the word“group”_different members，use a plural verb.如果单词group指不同的成员，用复数动词。答案 1.look down upon2.refers to课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航1look down upon/on蔑视，瞧不起Many pe
3、ople look down upon poor people.很多人瞧不起穷人。They look down upon those whom they often consider to be lazy and dishonest.他们看不起那些他们认为懒惰和不诚实的人。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航【助记】图解look短语名师点睛：look的大部分短语都含有引申义；要结合它原来的意义理解并记忆它们的这些特殊意义。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航They looked forward to see what was happening.他们
4、向前看看发生了什么。(原意)They looked forward to seeing the result.(引申义)他们盼望看到结果。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航【即境活用】对比填空(注意原意和引申义)_！The rain begins._ the dog.It looks like a wolf.They _ the box，and found nothing.Many experts were sent to _the accident.All the children _ when the plane flew by.She _because of her achievem
5、ents in music.答案 Look outLook out forlooked intolook intolooked upwas looked up to课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航2refer to查阅，参考；谈到；涉及If the word group refers to different members，use a plural verb.如果“group”这个词指的是不同的成员，用复数动词。No one referred to yesterdays quarrel.谁也没有提昨天吵架的事。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航
6、Please refer to the dictionary.请查阅词典。Please look up the word in the dictionary.请用词典查一下这个单词。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航【即境活用】写出下面句中refer to的含义If you dont know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary.()The book referred to the details of the case.()When giving the lecture，he referred to
7、his note from time to time.()答案 查阅涉及 参考课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航3audience nC观众；听众；读者Here are some other nouns that can be used in the same way：class，family，the public，team，police，group，government，college，school，crowd，audience，etc.还有其他一些名词也有类似用法；class，family，the public，team，police，group，government，college，
8、school，crowd，audience等。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航The audience has expressed its approval.观众已经认可。The audience are requested to be their seats by 7：25.要求观众在7：25入座。His book reached an even larger audience when it was filmed for television.他的书被拍成电视以后，使读者范围扩大了。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航【即境活用】完成句子She felt nervous at ha
9、ving to sing before such _.为这么多听众演唱，她感到很紧张。答案 a large audience课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航语法导图课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航知能精解一、定义主谓一致是指英语句子中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。二、分类主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。1语法一致原则语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。I often help him and he often helps me.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法
10、考点导航2意义一致原则意义一致是指主语和谓语根据意思上的单、复数确定其一致关系。主语为复数意义，谓语用复数形式；主语是单数意义，谓语用单数形式。The police are searching the woods for the murderer.警方正在树林中搜寻杀人犯。Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.远大前程是查尔斯狄更斯1860年所著。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航3就近一致原则就近一致原则是指当有两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语动词根据靠近它的那个主语来确定其人称和数的形式。Either you o
11、r he is wrong.要么是你错，要么是他错。Neither he nor you are required to overwork.你和他都不用加班。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航三、具体用法1集合名词作主语(1)表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；表示个体概念，强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集合名词有family，group，class，grade，team，army，nation，crowd，population，company，government，committee等。Our class is better than any other class
12、 at playing football in our school.(强调整体性)在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。Our class are playing football.(强调每个成员)我们班的同学正在踢足球。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(2)有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数形式。常见的这类集合名词有people，police，cattle等。The cattle are grazing in the fields.牛在田里吃草。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航2表示成双成套的名词(如trousers，shoes，glasses，socks
13、，stockings，scissors)单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。The pair of glasses fits you well.你戴这副眼镜很合适。Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.已经给这些老人寄去了好几双新鞋了。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航3不定代词作主语(1)不定代词anyone，somebody，something，no one，nobody，nothing，each，the other等作主语，谓
14、语动词用单数形式。Someone wants to see you.有人想见你。Nobody knows the answer.没有人知道答案。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(2)不定代词none和neither既可表单数概念，也可表复数概念。其单复数含义要根据说话人的意思决定。None of them have/has a computer.他们都没有电脑。/他们没有一个人有电脑。Neither of them know/knows the reason.他们俩全都不知道原因。/他们两个谁也不知道原因。注意当none作主语指不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。None of the m
15、oney in the drawer is mine.抽屉里的钱没有一点是我的。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(3)all修饰不可数名词表示单数概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果all修饰的是复数名词，谓语动词则用复数形式。All of the water is polluted.所有的水都被污染了。All of the students have arrived.所有的学生都已经到了。(4)不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词及each.and each，every.and every，no.and no，many a.and many a.结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式
16、。Every man and every woman is at work.所有人都在工作。Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航4由either.or，neither.nor，not.but或not only.but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常和邻近的主语一致。Either Tom or I am going there.要么是汤姆去，要么是我去。Not the students but the teacher is about to
17、visit the place.不是学生而是老师将去参观这个地方。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航5在there be句型中，当主语是两个或多个名词(短语)并列时，be的形式通常跟与之靠近的一个名词(短语)保持一致。There is a desk and four chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。There are four chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有四把椅子和一张桌子。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航6其他(1)主语后有as well as，with，rather than，but，like，except
18、，besides，including等词或短语时，谓语动词的形式不受这些短语的影响。Your father as well as you is very kind to me.不仅你而且你父亲对我都很好。The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.这个人和他的妻子、孩子坐在那儿看电视。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(2)many a和more than one后加单数名词表示复数意义，但动词用单数形式。Many a passenger was killed in the accident.许多乘客
19、在这次事故中丧生。(3)表示单一概念的不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Smoking is bad for your health.吸烟有害健康。注意what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航What the poor need most is the ambition to become rich.穷人最需要的是发财的雄心。What we need are qualified teachers.我们需要的是合格的教师。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(4)表示“总量
20、”或“总和”的时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Twenty years is a long time.二十年是很长的一段时间。(5)分数、百分数或half of/part of/the rest of n./pron.作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由后面的n./pron.决定。而one ofn./pron.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Three quarters of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海洋。Sixty percent of the students are League members.百分之六
21、十的学生是团员。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(6)关系代词who，that，which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数须与先行词一致。He is one of the students who have passed the exam.他是通过这次考试的学生之一。He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.他是通过这次考试的唯一的一名学生。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(7)并列结构充当主语表示整体概念，指的是同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。常见的并
22、列结构表示整体概念的有：bread and butter(黄油面包)；a watch and chain(一块带链的表)；a cart and horse(马车)；a knife and fork(一副刀叉)；the writer and poet(作家兼诗人)。The cart and horse is coming.马车来了。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航【典例剖析】1Walmart，which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，_some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays
23、 through Saturdays.(2012安徽，33)Akeeps BkeepChave kept Dhad kept解析句意：沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一，它的一些连锁店从周一到周六24小时营业。考查时态和主谓一致。依句意可知，该句叙述的是现在的客观事实，所以用一般现在时；其次，主语为Walmart(第三人称单数形式)，所以谓语动词用keeps。答案 A课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航2Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(2010湖南高考)Ais Ba
24、re Chas Dhave解析考查语态和主谓一致。该句是一个含有主谓宾的主动句。其中的主语和宾语均为动名词短语。当动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选C项。答案 C课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航3Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _evening dress.(2010全国卷)Awear BwearsChas worn Dhave worn解析考查时态和主谓一致。who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词前有the only限制，所以从句用单数谓语动词，再结合本句语意可知用一般现在时。答
25、案 B课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航4It is reported that many a new house _at present in the disaster area.(2010陕西高考)Aare being built Bwere being builtCwas being built Dis being built解析考查语态和主谓一致。“many a名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，根据at present可知，时态为现在时。句意：据报道，目前灾区人们正在建设大量新房屋。答案 D课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航5It is your efforts，not your
26、intelligence，_(决定)your success.(determine)解析考查强调句型和主谓一致。句子的主语是your efforts，因此谓语动词使用复数。答案 that determine课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航知能精练完成句子1Neither my parents nor I_(在家)at that time，so nobody could answer the phone.(be)解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。答案 was in/was at home2According to my father，movies，such as the one you tal
27、ked about yesterday，_(不值得一看)(worth)解析 考查主谓一致和be worth doing结构。答案 are not worth seeing课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航3Such poets as Shakespeare _(受到了广泛地阅读)，of whose works，however，some are difficult to understand.(widely)解析 考查主谓一致和被动语态。答案 are widely read4Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters _(去了)Wuhan.Th
28、ey wont return home till next month.(go)解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。答案 has gone to课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航5Jack is the only one of the few students who _(能够表达自己)in Chinese.(able)解析 考查定语从句和主谓一致。答案 is able to express himself6Either the ways or the time_(没有决定下来)yet，but you may ask the headmaster for some information.(de
29、cide)解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。答案 hasnt been decided课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航7The number of children who have lost parents to AIDS_(预期)to rise to over 26 million in 2013.(expect)解析 考查动词语态和主谓一致。答案 is expected8It is the students，as well as the teacher _(希望参观)the History Museum during the National Day.(hope)解析 考查强调句
30、型和主谓一致。答案 that hope to visit课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航9Why does the lake smell so terrible?Because large quantities of water _(已经污染了)(pollute)解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。答案 have been polluted10The rule says that nobody but doctors or nurses and those invited by Dr.Smith _(容许进入)the patients room.(allow)解析 考查主谓一致和被动语态。答案 is allowed to enter/go into
