2014-2015学年高中英语配套课件：UNIT 22 PERIOD 3（北师大版选修八课标通版）.ppt

1、重点语法精析Unit 22 Environmental Protection Period Three Grammar 课件（北师大版选修8，课标通用）重点语法精析被动语态1结构：be及物动词的过去分词其变化规则如下：以动词write 为例的被动语态结构：一般现在时：am/is/are written一般过去时：was/were written一般将来时：shall/will be written过去将来时：should/would be written重点语法精析现在进行时：am/is/are being written过去进行时：was/were being written现在完成时：ha

2、s/have been written过去完成时：had been written将来完成时：shall/will have been written过去将来完成时：should/would have been written重点语法精析2用法(1)不知道或没必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者。The photo is put in a safe place.那张照片被放在一个安全的地方。The wounded have been sent to hospital.伤者已经被送往医院。The question is being discussed at the meeting now.会议上正在讨

3、论这个问题。When will the building be built?这幢楼将何时竣工？重点语法精析(2)强调或突出动作的承受者。New China was founded in 1949.新中国成立于1949年。(3)双宾动词的被动结构双宾动词变为被动结构时，一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，直接宾语不变。这一保留不变的宾语叫保留宾语。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，间接宾语之前则应加介词to(可省去)或 for(一般不可省)。重点语法精析They offered him some assistance.他们给他提供了一些帮助。He was offered

4、some assistance.他被提供了一些帮助。Some assistance was offered to him.有人提供了一些帮助给他。重点语法精析【单项填空】She was _the bike for 20 dollars，but she wouldnt take it.AprovidedBsuppliedCoffered Dgave解析offer 作“出价，开价”讲，常有offer(sb)money for sth和offer(sb)sth for money 两种搭配。此处是将后者用于被动语态中了。答案C重点语法精析(4)带复合宾语的动词变被动时，一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动

5、结构中的主语，宾语补足语不变。【单项填空】The missing boys were last seen _near the river.Ato sing BsingingCto be singing Dsing解析由语境可看出此处表示的是当时的情景，故要用现在分词作主语补足语。答案B重点语法精析(5)不定式作定语修饰名词时，如果句子的主语或宾语是不定式动作的执行者，即便不定式与所修饰的名词成被动关系，不定式要用主动代替被动；如果句子的主语或宾语不是不定式动作的执行者，则仍用被动语态。She asked me to lend her something to read.她要我借点东西给她看看。

6、Do you have anything to be typed，sir？Im free now.先生，你有要打的东西吗？我现在有空。重点语法精析走出误区1连系动词、不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用被动语态。The story happened last year.故事发生在去年。The war broke out in 1937.战争爆发于1937年。2表所属关系的动词及词组无被动语态，如：have，belong to，equal，mean，lack等。Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.狮子和老虎属于猫科。重点语法精析3动词look，smel

7、l，sound，taste，feel等用作连系动词时无被动语态，但含有被动意义。The soup tastes delicious.这汤味道很好。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来非常柔软。4一些动词如：sell，read，write，wash，wear，lock，open等后常接副词，表示主语的性能时，不用被动语态。The sweater washes well.这件毛衣很耐洗。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。These cups clean easily.这些杯子容易清洗。重点语法精析5当

8、easy，difficult，hard，heavy，light，interesting，nice，fit，dangerous，important等形容词后面接不定式时，不定式通常要用主动形式表被动含义。The water in this well is fit to drink.这口井里的水可以饮用。The box is so heavy to carry.这箱子搬起来很重。He isnt easy to get along with.他不容易相处。重点语法精析6to blame，to let常用主动表被动含义。I am to blame.这怪我。The house is to let.这房子

9、要出租。7 行 为 动 词 need，want，require，demand(需 要)以 及deserve(值得)后接动词，该动词与前面主语成动宾关系时，该动词要用主动动名词doing或被动不定式to be done。The room needs cleaning.The room needs to be cleaned.这房子需要打扫了。Those flowers want watering.那些花需要浇水了。重点语法精析8be worth后只能接动名词的主动式表被动。The film is worth seeing.这电影值得一看。9getdone 构成被动语态此种形式用来表示状态或情况，

10、常考的形式如下：get married 结婚；get engaged 订婚；get hurt/wounded 受伤；get lost 迷路；get drunk 喝醉了；get caught/stuck/trapped 被困；get dressed 穿好衣服；get run over 被(车)轧重点语法精析【单项填空】Before she realized what happened，she got_onthe head and lost consciousness.Ahit Bto be hitChitting Dhitted解析get hit 表示“被打”，做题时应注意hit 的原形、过去式、过去分词的形式是一样的，此处是其过去分词形式。答案A