1、课前自主学习课堂互动探究.单词识记 1_vt.to obtain or buy something2_nthe position or level that someone holds in an organization3 _adj.to deserve to be thought about or treated in a particular way4_npeoples relief in the life of the spiritUnit 15 Learning Period FourLesson 4 Understanding 课件（北师大版必修5，课标通用）acquirerank
2、worthyreligion课前自主学习课堂互动探究5 _n the act of protecting something or someone from attack6_vt.to behave as if you had not heard or seen someone or something7 _vt.tostrongly advise someone to do something8_vto encourage someone9 _adj.producingresults that bring advantages10 _vt.tothink that something is
3、true，although you have no proof of itDefenceignoreurgeinspirebeneficialassume 课前自主学习课堂互动探究.短语天地1_习惯于2_往往会，倾向于3_赞成，赞许4_首先5_反对，违背6day to day_7urge sb to do sth_8put sb into prison_9feel like_10in other words_be accustomed totend toapprove ofto start withgo against日复一日的 督促某人干某事 把某人投入监狱感觉起来像，喜欢换句话说课前自主学
4、习课堂互动探究.句型搜索1It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle.信息提取It is adjthat.，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。例句仿写他不可能会及时到这儿。_ _ _ _he will be here in time.It is impossible that课前自主学习课堂互动探究2His true interest was not t
5、he day to day bureaucratic details of the government，but the worthy search for knowledge.信息提取not.but.不是而是例句仿写不是你而是他该为事故承担责任。_you_he_ _ _ _the accident.Notbutis to blame for课前自主学习课堂互动探究.预读理解1Fastreading：Read the text quickly and choose the best answer.(1)The steps of acquiring knowledge are_.put forw
6、ard questionsobserve and study the factsfind answerstest the answers to find the right onesABC(2)Now more and more people turn to the_for help when they have questions.AInternet BBooks CfriendsAA课前自主学习课堂互动探究(3)In the 17th century，people believed more in_than in facts.Apeople Breligion Cbooks(4)Peopl
7、e with scientific new ideas may be punished by the_.Achurch Bgovernment Cpolice(5)People in the 17th century believed that_was the centre of the universe.Athe earth Bthe sun Cthe moonBAA课前自主学习课堂互动探究2Carefulreading：Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.How we(1)_knowledge and understandingSt
8、art with questions(2)_ the world around you and study the facts to find answers.Old ways to gain knowledgeBacon and Galilei(3)_the views of the day(4)_knowledge and understanding.Aristotle and other peopleDidnt want to search for their own understanding or(5)_ themselves Prefer to make(6)_about the
9、world based on the experience of othersThe point of understanding allthe truths is to(7)_ themThank the great men of the pastBrave enough to(8)_ from the shadows of conventional thoughtacquireObserveFight forGo againstkeducateassumptionsdiscoverstep out课前自主学习课堂互动探究.课文缩写“Who _1_much，shall learn much，
10、and remember much.”said Francis Bacon.Nowit seems obvious how we _2_knowledge and understanding.However，in the 17th century，people believed more in_3_than in facts.People with scientific new ideas may be_4_by the church.Asa result，people tended to _5_the facts and were _6_to challenge what they had
11、believed.Till today，people still feel that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be_7_.But sometimes great men such as Aristotle and Galileimight make mistakes.Thereforeour understanding of the world around us is _8_growing and changing.In other words，we learn
12、more every day and _9_of us can simply say，“We know it all”课前自主学习课堂互动探究“All truths are easy to _10_once they are discovered；the point is to discover them.”said Galileo Galilei.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._questionsacquirereligionpunishedignoreunwillingsoconstantlynoneunderstand课前自主学习课堂互动探究1acquire vt
13、.获得，得到，养成【拓展】acquire knowledge/land/power获得知识/土地/权力acquire a good/bad reputation获得好/坏名声acquire a habit of smoking养成抽烟的习惯She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得非常好了。He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.他得到了奸诈的名声。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【比较网站】acquire/obtain/gainacquire 多用于通过不断地“学”、“问”等慢慢地获取“学问
14、，技术”等较抽象的东西。obtain表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力，获得期望已久的东西。gain含义较obtain更进一层，表示付出更大的努力才能获得，故常译为“赢得”。课前自主学习课堂互动探究He acquired a good reputation.他获得了好声誉。He finally obtained what he had always wanted.他终于得到了他一直想要的东西。Her honesty gained her the trust of her teacher.她的诚实使她赢得了老师的信任。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【完成句子】(1)学会开车花了他一年的时间。It t
15、ook him a year to_to drive a car.(2)在这个世界，努力是获取你想要的东西的惟一途径。In this world，effort is_what you want.acquire the abilitythe only way to obtain课前自主学习课堂互动探究2defensedefencenU防御；保卫；C用于保卫或保护的武器，屏障等【搭配】in defence of为辩护；保卫defend.against/from.保卫免遭defenceless adj.无防备的defensive adj.戒备的；防御的The big wall was built a
16、s a defence against intruders.修建这堵高墙作为屏障以防坏人闯入。牛津高阶He gave his life in defence of his country.他为保卫祖国献出了生命。课前自主学习课堂互动探究The big wall was built as a defence against intruders.修建这堵高墙作为屏障以防坏人闯入。牛津高阶He gave his life in defence of his country.他为保卫祖国献出了生命。He defended the children from the mad dog.他保护孩子们不被疯狗
17、咬着。The village is defenceless against attack.这个村庄毫无防御能力。He is taking up a defensive position.他在采取守势。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【完成句子】(1)We should stand up_(来维护自己的权利)(2)The lawyer came to the court_(为嫌疑犯辩护)to defend our own rightsin defense of the suspect课前自主学习课堂互动探究3ignore vt.忽视，不顾I cant ignore his rudeness any lo
18、nger.他粗暴无礼，我再也不能不闻不问了。牛津高阶I said hello to her，but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼，可她根本不理我。牛津高阶【拓展】ignorance n.无知ignorance of/about.不知道ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的be ignorant of/about对无知课前自主学习课堂互动探究If he did wrong，it was only through ignorance.要是他做错了，那也只是出于无知。To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excu
19、se.说自己不知道规则是不能成为借口的。牛津高阶课前自主学习课堂互动探究【比较网站】He neglected to write and say“Thank you”他因疏忽而未写信道谢。牛津高阶【完成句子】(1)His talk shows his_(对历史一无所知)(2)_(他没有理会我)when he passed by as if he didnt see me.ignorance of historyHe ignored meignore/neglectignore指有意不理睬。neglect“忽略，疏忽”，指没做到该做的事情或没尽到应尽的责任。课前自主学习课堂互动探究4 urge v
20、t.力 劝，强 烈 建 议；催 促n强烈的欲望或冲动【拓展】课前自主学习课堂互动探究He urged us to go.He urged our going.He urged that we should go.他催我们走。I have a strong urge to travel.我很想去旅行。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【单句改错】(1)It was urged that he was punished._【完成句子】(2)她再也没有给她姐姐写信的欲望了。(n.urge)She no longer_to her sister.(3)我父亲力劝我申请那份工作。(vt.urge)My fathe
21、r_the job.was改为(should)be.has the urge to write lettersurged me to apply for课前自主学习课堂互动探究5inspire v激励，鼓励；唤起，激起课前自主学习课堂互动探究After her trip to Venezuela，she felt inspired to learn Spanish.委内瑞拉之行使她下决心学习西班牙语。His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 50 win.他的出色表现使球队士气大振以50大获全胜。牛津高阶Her work didnt ex
22、actly inspire me with confidence.她的工作并没使我真正产生信心。牛津高阶As a general，he inspired great loyalty in his troops.作为一位将军，他得到了部队的精诚效忠。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【比较网站】He tried to inspire them to greater efforts.他尝试鼓励他们更加努力。Her words encouraged me very much.她的话大大鼓励了我。inspire/encourageinspire是要强化人内在的愿望。encourage 指“给人去做的勇气和决心”
23、。课前自主学习课堂互动探究用inspire的适当形式填空(1)Jack is very hardworking，and an_tohis brother.(2)My mother_me to study hard.(3)The poem he wrote was very_.inspirationinspiresinspiring课前自主学习课堂互动探究6assume v假设，承担，假装，冒用I hope to go to college next year，always assuming(that)Ican pass my exams.我希望明年上大学，我总是认为能通过考试。He assum
24、ed a look of surprise.他装出吃惊的样子。【拓展】assumption n假设make assumptions about对作出假设assuming conj.如果make assumptions about对作出假设I cannot make that assumption without examining it.没有审核我不能作出假设。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【完成句子】(1)The project was predicated_theeconomy was expanding.这一计划是以经济发展的设想为依据的。(2)_youre right，what should
25、 we do next?假定你是对的，我们下一步该怎么做？(3)普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。It_that stress is caused by too much work.on the assumption thatAssumingis generally assumed 课前自主学习课堂互动探究1be accustomed to习惯于accustomed在 此 处 是 形 容 词，be accustomed to(doing)sth意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to为介词，后面应接名词、代词或动词ing形式。Bens grandma doesnt want to live in the c
26、ity，for she is accustomed to living in the countryside.Ben的奶奶不想住在城里，因为她已习惯住在乡下。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【拓展】(1)get accustomed to也可表示“习惯(做)某事”，强调由不习惯到习惯的变化。(2)accustom是 accustomed的 动 词 形 式，accustom oneself/sb to sth，意为“使习惯于”。Youll soon get accustomed to walking long distances.你会很快习惯长距离步行。He quickly accustomed him
27、self to the new life.他很快地适应了新生活。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【单项填空】They are quiet，arent they?Yes.They are accustomed_at meals.Ato talk Bto not talkCto talking Dto not talking答 案D句 意：他 们 很 安 静，是 吗？是 的，他 们 习 惯 吃 饭 时 不 说 话。be accustomed to(doing)sth意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to为介词，后面应接名词、代词或动词ing形式。又根据语境可知应用否定式。故选D。课前自主学习课堂互动探究2tend
28、 to易于，往往会，倾向于Jack tends to get angry if someone disagrees with him.如果有人不同意，Jack往往会很生气。Some parents tend to do everything for their children.有些父母总是会为孩子做一切。课前自主学习课堂互动探究Several nurses carefully tended(to)the sick man.几位护士悉心照料病人。She had a tendency to talk fast when she was nervous.她紧张时往往会说话很快。课前自主学习课堂互动
29、探究用tend的适当形式填空(1)While on business，Jack often asked his sister to_to his daughter.(2)When Anita is tired，she_to make some mistakes.(3)Jim has a_to ignore his parents opinions.tendtendstendency课前自主学习课堂互动探究3to start with首先It wont work；to start with，it would take too long，and secondly it would cost too
30、 much.这行不通；首先，所需时间太长。其次花费太多。(作插入语，用于强调一系列事实或观点的第一条)课前自主学习课堂互动探究【拓展】to begin with 首先，第一to be honest老实说to be frank坦白说to tell(you)the truth老实说to my surprise令我惊讶的是(以上短语均独立使用或作插入语)start/begin with以开始Our meal always starts with onion soup.我们进餐前先喝洋葱汤。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【完成句子】(1)I have so much to say that I even d
31、ont know_(先说什么)(2)The party_(以“祝你生日快乐”这首歌开始)what to start withstarted with the song“Happy Birthday to You”课前自主学习课堂互动探究4put forward提出；提前One of the employees has put forward a good idea.其中的一名员工提出了一个好主意。The sports meet has been put forward by one month.运动会提前了一个月。【拓展】put away把收起来put up with容忍，忍受put off推
32、迟put aside把放到一边；储存(钱)以备用put down放下put on穿上，使(视听设备)播放开始课前自主学习课堂互动探究Put your toys away in the cupboard，when youve finished playing.玩完了以后把玩具放到柜子里。I dont know how she puts up with his cruelty to her.我不明白她怎么忍受他的虐待。Weve had to put our wedding off until September.我们得把婚礼延期到九月举行。She put the newspaper aside a
33、nd picked up a book.她把报纸放下，拿起了一本书。课前自主学习课堂互动探究指出下列句子中put forward的意思(1)When he got to the entrance，he put the pass forward to the guard._(2)They put forward some new ideas on the subject._(3)When he was putting the chair forward，it broke down._拿出，出示提出提交，前移课前自主学习课堂互动探究1(课文重现)It is not surprising that
34、people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(384322BC)因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384322BC)提出来的，人们愿意相信这些古老的观点，这也不足为奇。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【句式分析】It isadj.that.在该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary，strange，clear，possible，natural，important，l
35、ikely，obvious等。It is impossible that he will be here in time.他不可能会及时到这儿。It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone.很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪儿。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【拓展】(1)Itbe过去分词that.(常见的过去分词有：said，reported，believed，supposed，ordered，(well)known，suggested等)(2)It不及物动词that.(常见的不及物动词(短语)：seem，appear，happen，turn out，oc
36、cur to.)(3)Itbe名词短语that.(常见的名词短语有：a pity，a fact，a wonder，a surprise，no wonder.)课前自主学习课堂互动探究It was said that he had won the first prize.据说他赢得了一等奖。It happened that we were all out that day.碰巧那天我们都不在家。Its a wonder that he ever reached Paris，because he set off with only$5 in his pocket.令人惊讶的是他竟然到了巴黎，因为他
37、出发时口袋里只有5美元。课前自主学习课堂互动探究It was never clear _the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.(2011江苏)Athat Bhow Cwhen Dwhy答案D句意：那个人为什么没有早一点报道那场事故这一点不清楚。why引导的从句为主语从句，it为形式主语。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【完成句子】(1)很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪儿。_ _ _that nobody knows where he has gone.(2)很遗憾你没有及时到位。_ _ _ _you didnt come in time.It is strang
38、eIts a pity that课前自主学习课堂互动探究2(课文重现)His true interest was not the day to day bureaucratic details of the government，but the worthy search for knowledge.他真正的兴趣并非政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的不倦追求。【句式分析】本句中用了not.but.句式。not.but.意为“不是而是”，连接两个并列的结构。如果连接两个主语时，谓动词应运用“就近原则”。课前自主学习课堂互动探究Not I but my mother is fond of music
39、.不是我而是我的母亲喜欢音乐。Shakespeare was not a musician but a writer.莎士比亚不是一个音乐家而是一个作家。Not that I didnt want to help him，but that it was beyond my power.不是我不想帮他，而是我没这个能力。课前自主学习课堂互动探究It is often said that the joy of travelling is_inarriving at your destination_inthe journey itself.(2008江苏)A/；but B/；or Cnot;or Dnot;but答案D句意：据说旅行的乐趣不在于到达目的地，而在于旅行本身。考查not.but句型。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【完成句子】(1)What matters is_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.重要的不是你来自哪里而是你是干什么的。(2)It is _ _ _ _that_from a small city of Henan.不是她而是我来自于河南的一个小城市。not where you are from but whoyou arenot she but Iam/come
