1、专题二形容词和副词考向预测形容词是英语中较为复杂的一种词类，涉及的面比较广。同时形容词的形式变化灵活，如有原级、比较级和最高级等，而且用法比较复杂。备考2018年高考，应注意以下几点：形容词的辨析，形容词的原级、比较级和最高级，以及一些特别重要的固定句型结构，同时要注意多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序等。高考中对于副词的考查不是单纯地进行语法要点的考查，而是要通过具体的语境来进行分析和判断。2018年高考对于副词的考查主要会出现在：副词的近义词的辨析；关于副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句型；同根不同形的副词；常考副词的辨析；比较级前的修饰语等。考点定位形容词和副词主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错
2、形式进行考查，考查的主要形式是形容词和副词之间的相互转化。考点1 形容词、副词的比较等级1.形容词或副词的as.as结构 两者相比，当A=B时，用as+adj/adv.原级+as来表示。如：Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。双方相比“当A#B，或指A的程度较低时”用“not as/so+adj. /adv.原级+as”表示。如：He does not work as/so hard as his sister.他不如他妹妹学习努力。2.形容词或副词的比较级+than 当双方比较，AB时，用“比较级+than”结构。当A不及B的程度时，用“less+adj.
3、 /adv.原 级+than”的结构?如：Bloodis thicker than water.:適血浓于水。Healthis better than wealth.:適健康胜过财富。3表示双方相比，一方超过另一方，并强调超出的程度和数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，much，very much，still，any，a lot，a bit，a little，far，yet，by far，a great deal，twice，three times，rather，slightly等，而very，quite，so，fairly等词不可修饰形容词或副词的比较级A car runs
4、a great deal faster than a truck小汽车比卡车快得多。4“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越越”The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get你卖的票越多，你得到的钱就会越多。6比较级表示最高级含义(1)比较级+than any other+可数名词单数。如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。比较级+than all(the)other+可数名词复数。如:China is l
5、arger than all the other Asian countries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。 (3)no/never/nothing.+比较级。如：Nothing is more valuable than time.时间比任何东西都珍贵。【典例】It may not be a great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it.Aa good oneBa better oneCthe best one Da best one【答案】B【解析】句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在更好的建议被提出之前
6、，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示“一条更好的建议”，是泛指，故选B。考点2 形容词作定语时的位置1通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：Someone strange is asking to see you.Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.2else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：No one else can answer the question.3多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/
7、用途。如：an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.考点3 形容词、副词的辨析来1形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看成是“being+形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开He lay in bed，wide awake他躺在床上，完全清醒着。He went to bed，cold and hung
8、ry他上床睡觉，又冷又饿。2副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾Fortunately，he escaped from the fire他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。3.有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同:不带ly的副词往往表示的是具怵概念 ，也就是词的本义； 加ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是词的引申义close接近(指距离closely仔细地，密切地; free免费freely自由地，自如地；deep深地；deeply深刻地，深入地；wide充分（张开）地， 宽阔地+w
9、idely广泛地；high高地highly高度地，非常；late迟，晚lately最近，近来； near邻近地nearly几乎；most最mostly主要地。如：He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates.他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高，贏得了同学们的高度赞扬。【典例】The Forbidden City attracts a _ stream of visitors every day, especially during national
10、 holidays.Aconstant BmainCpowerful Dshallow【答案】A 【解析】句意：紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在国庆节期间。A constant stream of visitors表示“络绎不绝的游客”。Constant“持续不断的”，符合句意。Main“主要的”；powerful“强有力的”；shallow“浅的”。考点4 倍数表达法1A is倍数比较级thanB2A is倍数as原级asB3A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofB4the名词(size，length，height等)of A is倍数thatofB5
11、A is倍数what引导的名词性从句长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.【典例】This restaura
12、nt wasnt _ that other restaurant we went to.Ahalf as good as Bas half good asCas good as half Dgood as half as【答案】A【解析】句意：这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一：倍数asadj.原级as比较成分。（60分钟）限时训练经典常规题一语法填空1.【2017全国卷】Even 66._ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.【答案】worse【解题思路】考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的
13、快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。2.【2017全国卷】However, be 69._ (care) not to go to extremes.【答案】careful【解题思路】考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。3.【2017全国卷】Steam engines 65._ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66._ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.【答案】65. were used 66.
14、 fairly【解题思路】65.考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力。66. 考查副词。副词修饰形容词。4.【2017全国卷】The Central London Railway was one of the most 70._ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.【答案】successful【解题思路】.
15、考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。5.【2017全国卷】It is 70._ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”【答案】certainly【解题思路】考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。6.【2017浙江卷6月考】But something made her look closer, and she not
16、iced a 57._ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her longlost wedding ring.【答案】shiny/shining【解题思路】考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知，需用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。7.【2017浙江卷6月考】Sixteen years 60._ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61._ (cook) a meal.【答案】60. earlier 61. t
17、o cook【解题思路】60.考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”，故填earlier。61.考查不定式。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”，故填to cook。8.【2016全国新课标I】The title will be _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.【答案】officially【解题思路】考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。9.【2016全国新课标III】Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned
18、into chopsticks.【答案】gradually【解题思路】考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。10.【2016上海】Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_(good) your performance will be. 【答案】better【解题思路】考查固定句式“The+比较级.， the+比较级”意为“越.就越.”。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.11.【201
19、6四川】Chinese scientists 42 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 43 (care)mother.【答案】42.recently 43.caring/careful【解题思路】42.副词修饰动词，故填recently。43,.此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。12.【2015全国卷】Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot
20、days and give out that heat 65._(slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house. 【答案】slowly【解题思路】根据空格前面的give out that heat和后面的during cool nights可知，这里使用副词修饰动词短语give out。13.【2015全国卷I】But I didnt care. A few hours 62._， Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63._(it) choking smog.【答案】62before/earlier 63it
21、s【解题思路】62.考查副词的用法。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。63.考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。二短文改错14.【2017全国卷】A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.【答案】late改为later suddenly改为sudden 【解题思路】考查副词。作形容词
22、的时候，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later.(他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。)作副词的时候，late意为“迟”；later意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后。故将late改为later。考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。15.【2017全国卷】 In their spare time，they are inte
23、resting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.【答案】interesting改为interested; that改为which ;earlier改为early【解题思路】考查形容词用法。张家夫妇对种菜感兴趣;考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用which;考查副词的用法。此处无比较对象，用原级表示“起得早”。16.【2017全国卷】
24、I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.【答案】differencedifferent; latelatest【解题思路】考查词形转换。修饰名词kinds用形容词;考查形容词最高级。根据句意“收集最新的唱片”可知需要用最高级。17.【2016全国新课标I】Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.【答案】steadsteadily【解题思路】考查副词。根
25、据句意可知此处grow是实意动词，意思是 “增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。18.【2016四川】The dishes what I cooked were Moms favoritiest. 【答案】favoritest-favorite【解题思路】 “favorite”本身就是“最喜欢”，故把favoritest-favorite。19.【2015陕西】My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help.【答案】better改成best【解题思路】句意：我妈妈做的是世界上最好的饼干。
26、用最高级，better改成best。20.【2015浙江】On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. 【答案】easy-easily【解题思路】考查副词 此处的副词修饰动词see。21.【2015新课标全国II】Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ”【答案】terrible改为terribly【解题思路】 修饰形容词worried要用副词，故 terrible改为terribly。高频易错题
27、 一语法填空（安徽省江南十校2017届高三3月联考） The Dutch are used to living in a country which is always exposed to dangers of deadly floods. A country with a half of its land below sea level cannot afford _1_(ignore)the problem of rising sea level, and Holland, which already has spent about U.S. $2.5 trillion (万亿)on f
28、lood_2_(prevent), plans to invest(投资)more over the next century. Life in these challenging_3_(circumstance) has inspired the Dutch to develop many excellent methods of _4_(fight)floods. Thanks to the skill of Dutch engineers, flooding in Holland is rarely widespread, and is instead limited_5_certain
29、 areas of the country. Two such areas are the valleys of the Rhine and the Meuse Rivers. In spite of large flood wall, these rivers regularly flood the surrounding areas. During dry times, however, those areas are perfectly_6_(pleasure) to live in. one solution_7_(develop)now is a type of house that
30、 seems normal in every day, except that it can float during times of high water rather than_8_(simple) sink beneath the waves as normal houses would. Groups of houses would form floating neighborhoods in _9_people could live together during times of high water, temporarily getting around by boat_10_
31、the flood ends.【答案】1. to ignore 2. prevention 3. circumstances 4. fighting 5. to 6. pleasant 7. is being developed 8. simply 9. which 10. till/until【解题思路】荷兰是个经常遭到洪水袭击的国家，荷兰人在多年对抗洪水的过程中也发明了很多好的办法。1.考查固定短语。 afford to do sth负担得起做某事。2.考查词性的转换。on是介词，后面要加名词，所以用prevention。3.考查名词数的变化。circumstance意为环境，条件，状况，
32、是可数名词，根据前面的these可知这里应该用负数。 4. 考查非谓语动词。根据前面的介词of可知，这里应该用动名词fighting。5. 考查固定短语中的介词。be limited to被局限于。6. 考查词性的转换。在这个句子中应该用形容词做表语，所以用形容词pleasant。7. 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语now可知这里应该用现在进行时，主语one solution 和develop之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。综合起来可知用现在进行时的被动语态。所以填is being developed。8. 考查副词。此处用副词simply修饰动词sink。9. 考查定语从句。先行词是fl
33、oating neighborhoods，指物，又因为前面有介词in，所以只能用which。10. 考查连词。根据句意可知，在洪水来袭时，人们暂时住在漂浮的房子里，直到洪水结束。所以填till/until表示直到。二短文改错（河南省洛阳市2017届高三第二次统一考试）When I was a kid, my father and mother were made me join a tennis club in the center of our city. Every day both my parent would take me to club after school. I playe
34、d tennis ,ate snacks and did my homework here. It was basically my second family. A woman whose name was Li Li, my first private coach, was as a mother to us. She not only taught me everything that I know about what to play tennis, but treats me well. She was kind or always trained me with great pat
35、ient. In my heart, she was the best coach in our city.【答案】1.去掉were 2. parent改为parents 3. club 前加the 4. here 改为there 5. as改为like6. us改为me 7. what改为how 8. treats 改为treated 9. or改为and 10. patient改为patience【解题思路】1. 句意：我的父母让我加入了一个网球俱乐部。此处表示主动，故去掉were。2. 根据both可知此处指的是父母，故把parent改为parents。3. 此处特指加入的俱乐部，故在c
36、lub 前加the。4. 句意：我在那儿打网球、吃零食和做作业。故把here 改为there。5. 句意：私人教练像一个妈妈。故把as改为like。6. 句意：我的私人教练对我像一个妈妈。故把us改为me。7. 句意：我了解关于怎样打网球。故把what改为how。8. not only taught-，but treats-，根据句意可知是并列关系，应用一般过去时态，故把treats改为treated。9. 句意：她善良并且极大的耐心训练我。故把or改为and。10. great修饰名词，故把patient改为patience。精准预测题一.语法填空（安徽省A10联盟2018届高三11月联考）
37、If youve never heard of an egg-laying mountain, you probably dont know about Chan Da Ya,_41_ fantastic cliff (悬崖) that lays stone eggs every 30 years.Located in Chinas Guizhou Province, Chan Da Ya,_42_ means “egg laying cliff”, has been puzzling geologists for decades. The cliff has a rough surface
38、spotted with dozens of round and oval-shaped stones of various sizes. As the elements (自然环境) continue to eat away at the cliff, the harder “eggs” become even more exposed and _43_ (eventual) fall out.The egg-laying phenomenon of Chan Da Ya _44_ (consider) unique, so geologists who hope to come up wi
39、th an _45_ (explain) have had to travel to the remote mountainous region _46_ (study) it first-hand.The local people have known about the egg-laying cliff for generations, and many of _47_ (they) frequently visit it to touch the “god eggs” for good luck. In recent years, Chan Da Ya _48_ (become) so
40、popular as a tourist destination that most of the eggs have been sold _49_ profit. There are only about 70 eggs in Gulu today, and any new ones ready to fall off from the cliff are often stolen by treasure hunters._50_ Chan Da Ya is the largest egg-laying cliff on Mount Gandeng, it is certainly not
41、the only one.【答案】41. a 42. which 43. eventually 44. is considered 45. explanation 46. to study 47. them 48. has become 49. for 50. While/Although/Though【解题思路】本文属于自然景观类文章。文中主要介绍了贵州省的一个著名的自然景观产蛋崖。41. 考查冠词的用法。产蛋崖，与后面的“奇妙的悬崖”是同位语的关系，a，在这儿可译为一个，故用不定冠词。42. 考查非限制性定语从句，指代前面的先行词-产蛋崖，“产蛋崖”在定语从句中作主语，指物，故用which
42、。43. 考查副词。随着大自然继续蚕食悬崖，这些坚硬的石头更加裸露，终于脱落了。分析句意可知eventual在本句中作状语，修饰句子，故要用副词作状语，故用eventually。44. 考查时态及语态。这个现象现在被认为是独一无二的。分析句意可知是被动，故要用is considered.45. 考查名词。分析句子可知explain前面有冠词an，因此此处要用名词，故要用explanation。46. 考查动词不定式。句意：地质学家们希望作出解释，不得不到偏远的山区去研究。分析句意可知study 在此作目的状语，要用动词不定式，因此要用to study，47. 考查人称代词。分析句子可知they
43、在句子中作of 的宾语，作宾语要用宾格，故用them。48. 考查现在完成时。句意：产蛋崖已成为非常受欢迎的旅游胜地。分析句意可知是现在已经非常受欢迎，故要用现在完成时has become.49. 考查介词的用法。分析句意可知是卖掉这种像蛋的石头是为了获利，for profit为了获利，故用for。50. 考查连词。句意：尽管这个产蛋崖是最大的产蛋崖，但它肯定不是唯一的一个。分析句意可知前后是转折关系，故用While/Although/Though。二短文改错（“超级全能生”2018届高考全国卷26省9月联考）When Nancy got an emergency call from Seat
44、tle Hospital, she knew she has no time to waste getting to her moms side. While she pulled over to refuel, she found that shed left her handbag home. Trapped in a truck stop, she felt totally at loss. However, she had to ask for help. Someone sent her up the road to Jim Olivers Smoke House, a restau
45、rant where is known for its generosity. In the parking lot, she broke down, tells her story to the owner, Oliver. He gave her a comforting smile while listening patient. Later, much to her astonish, he handed her $ 200 in cash and offered with her a meal.When Nancy asked how she could pay him back,
46、Oliver waved him on. “You would have done the same if you were me,” said Oliver.【答案】1.第一句has改为had 2.第二句While改为When 3.第三句loss前加a4.第四句 However 改为 Therefore 5.第五句 where 改为 which/that6.第六句tells改为telling 7.第七句patient改为patiently 8.第八句astonish改为astonishment 9.第九句去掉with 10.第十句第二个him改为her【解题思路】1. she knew sh
47、e has no time to waste getting to her moms side.本句是含宾语从句的复合句，主句是过去时态，所以从句也要用相应的过去时态，第一句has改为had。2. 因为pull是终止性动词，所以要用when引导时间状语从句，故把第二句While改为When。 3. 固定搭配：at a loss不知所措，故第三句loss前加a。4. 句意：他被困，所以要求助。前后是因果关系，故第四句 However 改为 Therefore。 5. 此处a restaurant做先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中做主语，故第五句 where 改为 which/that6. 句意：她筋疲力尽，向她的老板诉说她的故事。此处是现在分词做伴随状语，故第六句tells改为telling。 7. 句意：耐心地听。副词修饰动词，故把第七句patient改为patiently。 8. 固定词组：to ones astonishment使某人吃惊的是。故第八句astonish改为astonishment 9. Offer是及物动词，offer sb. sth.提供给某人某物。故第九句去掉with 。10. 句意：当Nancy问她怎么回报他时，Oliver向她挥手致意。所以Oliver应该是在向Nancy挥手致意。故第十句第二个him改为her。