1、语法专项训练(三)代词代词是用来代替名词及起名词作用的词.代词是高考英语试题中考查较多的词类之一,除考查引导从句的连接代词和关系代词外,重点考查不定代词,对人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和疑问代词等也有不同程度的考查.语法精讲语法精讲代词的数量有限,但种类变化却非常多,应注意辨析掌握它们的用法.以下是代词的分类及考点分析.一、代词的分类类别例词人称代词主格I,we,you,you,he,she,it,they宾格me,us,you,you,him,her,it,them物主代词形容词性物主代词my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their名词性物主代词mine,o
2、urs,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs类别例词反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves指示代词this,that,these,those相互代词each other,one another类别例词不定代词可数each,one,many,(a)few,both,another,either,neither不可数 much,(a)little可数、不可数all,some,none,such,any,other类别例词不定代词复合不定代词something,so
3、meone,somebody,anything,anyone,anybody,everything,everyone,everybody,no one,nobody,nothing类别例词疑问代词what,which,who,whom,whose连接代词what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ever)关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as二、考点分析1人称代词主格与宾格人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语.She and I are good friends.她和我是好朋友.Have y
4、ou heard from him?你收到他的来信了吗？【注意】人称代词用作表语或单独使用时常用宾格形式.Who is that?你是谁？It is me.是我.Glad to see you again.很高兴再见到你.Me,too.我也是.2形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语,但不能独立作定语.This is not my shirt.Its his.这不是我的衬衫.这是他的.My pen is broken.May I use yours?我的钢笔坏了.我可以用你
5、的吗？Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs.凯特姐俩和她们的一位表妹一起度假去了.3反身代词反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、同位语,不能作主语.Make yourself at home.别客气.I am not quite myself today.我今天感觉不太好.Youd better ask the girl herself.你最好问问那个女孩本人.The headmaster himself will give away the prizes to the students at the meeting
6、.校长将在会上亲自给学生颁发奖品.4指示代词指示代词有this,that,these,those等.其用法需注意以下几点:(1)this,these是时间或空间上的“近指”,可与here连用；that,those是时间或空间上的“远指”,可与there连用.I was very busy those days,but Im free these days.那些日子我很忙,但这些日子我很清闲.(2)指上文提到的事一般用that,指下文的事常用this.I shall say this to you:he is an honest man.我要对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人.He was ill.
7、Thats why he didnt come.他病了.那就是他没来的原因.(3)打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来问对方,不用I或you.(4)this和that还可作表示程度的副词,意为“如此,那么”,相当于so,作状语.Im afraid I cant walk that far.我恐怕走不了那么远.The book is about this thick.那本书大约有这么厚.5疑问代词疑问代词有what,which,who,whom,whose等.用法要点如下:(1)what除了可以用来询问人的身份之外,一般指物；which可指人也可指物；who,whom,whose一般指人
8、.Who/Whom are you looking for?你在找谁？Whose is this car?这辆车是谁的？(2)没有一定的范围时,用what,意为“什么”；有一定范围时,用which,意为“(其中的)哪一个(哪一些)”.What sport do you like best?你最喜欢什么样的运动？Which of the stories is the most interesting?这些故事当中哪个最有趣？6替代词it,one(s),that,those为避免重复,it,one(s),that,those都可以用来代替上文出现的名词,但它们的用法不同.(1)it代替的是前面提到
9、的同一名称的同一事物,即同名同物.所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.My mobile phone is missing.Have you seen it?我的手机不见了.你看见过吗？(2)one代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个,所代替的名词是可数名词,其前面可带冠词或修饰语.如果代替复数名词,则用ones.The population problem may be the greatest one in the world today.人口问题可能是当今世界上最大的一个问题.Which cards are yours?哪些卡片是你的？The blue ones.蓝色的(是
10、我的).(3)that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,其前面通常不能有修饰语,但可以有后置定语.Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peters.玛丽的书法比彼得的好很多.(4)those代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,只能指代可数名词复数,相当于the ones.The computers in your office are more expensive than those in our school.你们办公室的电脑比我们学校的电脑要贵.7常见不定代词的用法(1)some,an
11、y表示“一些”时,some用于肯定句以及表示请求、建议或希望对方作出肯定回答的疑问句中；any用于否定句和疑问句中,用于肯定句时,只和单数名词或不可数名词连用,表示“任何”.Would you mind buying me some stamps?你能给我买些邮票吗？The medicine is on sale everywhere.You can get it at any chemists.这种药到处都卖.你可以在任何一家药店买到.(2)both,neither,either表示两者“都”用both,表示两者“都不”用neither,表示两者中的“任一”用either.Both team
12、s were in hard training;neither was willing to lose the game.两个队都在刻苦训练,谁都不愿意输掉这场比赛.Do you like tea or coffee?你想喝茶还是咖啡？Either is OK.什么都行.(3)all,none,any表示三者或三者以上“都”用all,表示“都不”用none,表示其中的“任一”用any.They were all tired,but none of them would stop to have a rest.他们都累了,但没有一个人愿意停下来休息.(4)none,no one,nothingn
13、one可指人或物,常接表示范围的of短语,可回答how many或how much;而no one只能指人(nobody),不能接of短语,可回答who；nothing指物,一般回答what引起的提问.Who is in the room?谁在房间里？No one.没有人.Whats in the box?盒子里有什么？Nothing.什么也没有.How much paper is left?还剩多少纸？None.一张也没有了.(5)each,everyeach强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的“每一个”,可作形容词或代词,可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语.every强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的
14、“每一个”,只能作形容词,在名词前作定语.Each of us has our private views about it.我们每个人对这件事都有自己的看法.Every classroom is equipped with a computer.所有的教室都配备了电脑.(6)other,others,the other,the others,anotherother表示泛指,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；others表示泛指,相当于“other 复数名词”；“the other单数可数名词”特指两者中的另一个,常有“one.the other.”一个另一个的搭配；其复数形式the other
15、s或“the other 复数名词”特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,“其余的”或“剩下的”人或物；another常用于三者或三者以上中的“另一个”,表示泛指,后接单数名词,也可用于“another数词名词复数”.There are other ways to do this exercise.做这个练习还可以用别的方法.It is hard to tell the twin brothers one from the other.这对孪生兄弟很难辨认.Some boys are reading;others are listening to the radio.有些孩子在阅读,有些则在听收音
16、机.Weve decided to stay in Shanghai for another two weeks.我们决定在上海再待两个星期.(7)复合不定代词这类不定代词有:everything,everyone,everybody,something,someone,somebody,anything,anyone,anybody,nothing,no one,nobody等.8it的用法it可用作人称代词、指示代词等.(1)指物、人或事.Wheres your car?你的汽车在哪儿呢？Its in the garage.在车库里.The baby next door kept me a
17、wake.It cried all night.隔壁的孩子吵得我睡不着觉.他整夜哭个没完.The manager has resigned.Have you heard about it?经理辞职了.你听说这件事了吗？(2)指时间、距离、天气等.It is five miles to the nearest hospital from here.这里离最近的医院也有五英里.Its warmer today than yesterday.今天比昨天暖和.(3)充当形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语(动词不定式、动名词、从句等)放在后面.Its no use arguing about th
18、at.争论那件事是没有用的.We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染.(4)用于强调结构“It be 被强调部分 that(who)其他”.It was not until then that I realized what had happened.直到那时我才意识到发生了什么.三、代词与语法填空高考的语法填空往往至少有一个空填代词,一般为人称代词主格、宾格、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词等.1句子缺主语用代词
19、主格、指示代词、不定代词；2动词或介词后面缺宾语用代词宾格、指示代词或不定代词；3如是从句,则根据句子特点填入疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词.单句填空用适当的代词填空1(2011高考北京卷改编)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _.提升演练提升演练it解析:it用来指代前面提到的具体的事情.2(2011高考天津卷改编)We feel _ our duty to make our country a be
20、tter place.解析:考查代词it作为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式to make our country a better place.it3(2011高考大纲全国卷改编)I got this bicycle for _:My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.解析:考查不定代词用法.根据句意“朋友买了新的车就把这个车给了我,所以我是不花费任何代价得到的.nothing4(2011高考陕西卷改编)Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen,dear?_ one?
21、解析:句意:亲爱的,可以到厨房给我拿一根巧克力吗？再来一根吗？another指的三者以上的“另一个”；other后不能直接跟one.Another5(2011高考四川卷改编)There is _ in his words.We should have a try.解析:根据后一句“We should have a try”可知“他说的有些道理”.something6(2011高考辽宁卷改编)Would you like tea or coffee?_,thank you.Ive just had some water.解析:两者都不要.either两者之一；both两者都;any三者以上的任一
22、个.Neither7(2011高考湖南卷改编)I knew that _ would ever discourage him;he would never give up wanting to be a director.解析:根据句意“我知道没什么事会让他气馁,他不会放弃做一个导演.”nothing8(2011高考安徽卷改编)Surprisingly,Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.解析:考查反身代词用法.这句话的主语是Susans beautiful ha
23、ir,所以宾语应该用反身代词.itself9(2011高考重庆卷改编)Silly me!I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of _ over there?解析:此处代指上文luggage,而又非同一包裹,故用that.that10(2011高考福建卷改编)We have various summer camps for your holidays,You can choose _ based on your own interests.解析:one 指代前面提到的同一类事物.句意:我们有各种假期活动营,你可以根据自己的兴
24、趣选择一个.one.语篇填空用适当的代词填空.An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market.The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1._.A man saw them and asked the son why 2._ wasnt riding the donkey.itheThen the father let 3._ride it.4._ man saw them and told 5._ that they should 6._ ride the donke
25、y.So 7._ both got on it.A woman who saw them said,“Tell 8._,why are you both riding that poor animal？himAnotherthemboththeyme9._ looks so weak and tired.10._ are so cruel！”Then,the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge.When they were halfway across the bridge,the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.ItYou本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
