1、Period 3Grammar&Writing.定义直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在语序、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。.几个方面的变化1句型变化(1)请观察下列句子：She said，“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.”(课文原句)She said(that)she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a dia
2、ry as most people did.He said，“I saw her last night.”He said that he had seen her the night before.归纳总结：如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，应将直接引语改为用that引导的宾语从句，而且在不引起歧义时that可以省略。此时语序不变。(2)请观察下列句子：He said，“Are you ready？”He asked(us)if we were ready.Mr.Green said to Jane，“Have you finished your homework？”Mr.Green as
3、ked Jane whether she had finished her homework.归纳总结：如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if引导，使其成为宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，也可以加上一个间接宾语me，him，her，us或them等。(3)请观察下列句子：She said to Tom，“How are you feeling now？”She asked Tom how he was feeling then.“What will you do on Saturday morning
4、？”my teacher asked me.My teacher asked me what I would do on Saturday morning.归纳总结：如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词作为连接词引出间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问语序改为陈述语序。2时态的变化若主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句的时态不需变化，若主句谓语动词为过去时态，则间接引语从句的时态变为相应的过去某种时态，一般为向前推一个时态。例 句She said，“I need a calculator.”She said that she needed a calculator.Jim said，“Im
5、 expecting a longdistancecall.”Jim said that he was expecting a longdistance call.Nancy said，“Ill call again later.”Nancy said that she would call again later.He said，“I took it home with me.”He said that he had taken it home with him.Paul said，“Our team has won the match.”Paul said that their team
6、had won the match.He said，“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.观察上面的例句不难发现如下规律：一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时但是直接引语属于下面的情况，变为间接引语时时态不作改变。(1)主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化。aHe says，“Im tired.”He says that he is tir
7、ed.bHe will say，“Tom was lazy.”He will tell you that Tom was lazy.(2)当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间限制，因此不需要变化时态。Our geography teacher said to us，“The earth goes round the sun.”Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.(3)直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变。She said，“I was born in 1978”She said th
8、at she was born in 1978.(4)when，while，since等引导的时间状语从句变为间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，从句的时态不变。He said，“It is many years since he came to live here.”He said that it was many years since he came to live there.(5)直接引语中含有某些情态动词时，间接引语可用原来形式，也可用其他情态动词表示，但要注意保持原来的意义。He said，“You must be very fond of art.”He said that I mu
9、st be very fond of art.3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化例 句指示代词She said，“She is coming this week.”She said that she was coming that week.He said，“These books are mine.”He said those books were his.时间状语He said，“Its ten oclock now.”He said that it was ten oclock then.He said，“I havent seen her today.”He said t
10、hat he hadnt seen her that day.She said，“Ill come again tonight.”She said that she would go again that night.He said，“This happened yesterday.”He said that had happened the day before.She said，“I arrived two days ago.”She said that she had arrived two days before.时间状语She said，“Hell be back tomorrow.
11、”She said that he would be back the next day.She said，“Ill do it next week.”She said that she would do it the next week.地点状语She said，“He came here to see Tom.”She said that he had gone there to see Tom.动词He said，“I brought it home with me.”He said he had taken it home with him.观察以上的例句可知下列变化：指示代词：thi
12、sthatthesethose时间状语：nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforelast week/monththe week/month beforethree days agothree days beforetomorrowthe next daynext weekthe next week地点状语：herethere方向性动词：comegobringtake注意：以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there，come也不必改为go；如果是在当
13、天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等的时间状语也不必改变。4人称代词的变化(1)“一随主”。若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。(2)“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。(3)“第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。直接引语间接引语人称Ihe(she)wetheyhe，she，it，theyhe，she，it，they例：“Ill let you know as soon as I get the tickets，”he told me.He told me that he would let
14、 me know as soon as he got the tickets.将直接引语转换为间接引语1He says,“I had a good time last night.”He says _.2She will say,“I have done my best in the work.”She will say _in the work.3“Did you meet each other while you were in high school？”he asked us.He asked us _each other while _.4“Stop making so much no
15、ise,children，”he said._making so much noise.5“The moon moves around the earth，”the astronomer said.The astronomer _.6“Where have you been these days？”my mother asked.My mother asked me _.答案1.he had a good time the night before2.she has done her best3.whether we had met;we were in high school4.He tol
16、d the children to stop5.said the moon moves around the earth6.where I had been those days.单项填空1 Li Hua asked the teacher _she could do an experiment in the chemistry lab or not.Athat Bwhether Cwhen Dwhere解析 由句意及or not判断选B。答案 B2He asked _for the computer.Adid I pay how muchBI paid how muchChow much d
17、id I payDhow much I paid解析间接引语用陈述语序，how much应位于间接引语的开头。答案 D3He asked me when _meet Tom the next day.AI would Bwould ICyou will Dwould you解析“他问我第二天是在什么时候见到汤姆的”。由me判断，间接引语的主语用I，直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语要用陈述语序。答案 A4 The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party _founded on July 1 st,1921.Awas B
18、had been Cis Dhas been解析句中有明确的时间状语on July 1st,1921，故用一般过去时。答案 A5As soon as he comes back,Ill tell him when _and see him.Ayou will come Bwill you comeCyou come Ddo you come解析when引导的从句是tell的直接宾语，应用陈述语序，且从句表示将来的动作，故用A。答案 A2确定体裁、时态、人称。本文所写书信应用第一人称来写；书信的主体部分应用过去时，因为涉及李磊过去已做过的事情，但也将自己对他的做法发表看法，应用一般现在时。第二步
19、：提炼要点1有时，为了和朋友玩，你甚至不上课。有时_为了 _上课 _2作为你的朋友，我为你担忧。作为你的朋友 _担忧_3真正的朋友不会让你去做坏事。真正的朋友 _做坏事 _4是你该想一想这个问题的时候了。是的时候了 _想一想这个问题_答案 1.sometimes/at times/now and thenin order to/so as tohave/attend classes2.being/as one of your best friendsbe worried about/be anxious about/be concerned for3.true friendsdo someth
20、ing wrong4.Its time for sb to do sth/Its time that you did/should do sththink about the problem第三步：扩点成句1Im writing to you because I think I have something really serious to communicate with you.2Sometimes,you even didnt have classes in order to play with your friends.3Being one of your best friends,
21、Im very worried about you.4Its time for you to think about the problem I talked about above.第四步：连句成篇【参考范文】Dear Li Lei，I am writing to you because I think I have something really serious to communicate with you.I noticed that recently you often went to the Internet Bar and the Game Center together wi
22、th several friends.Sometimes,you even didnt have classes in order to play with your friends.Being one of your best friends,_Im very worried about you.Friends play an important part inones life.We have to choose our friends carefully.True friends will never ask us to do something wrong.I dont thinkth
23、e friends around you are your true friends.Its time for you to think about the problem I talked about above.And I do hope you will make a wise decision soon.Yours，Wang Wei【写作模板】TopicDateDear_，Im so glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on _.Here are a few suggestions.First,it is important
24、 to _，as youll _.Then,it also helps _.Furthermore,it should be a good idea to _，because _.You can also _.Im quite sure that _.Please _next time.Best wishes，Sincerely yours，Signature一、常见同音异形(义)词(1)同音异形(义)词区别与应用Ah,its a secret！啊，这是秘密！Are you Lin Tao？你是林涛吗？Would you please buy me a pen？请你替我买一支钢笔好吗？Oh,I
25、 usually come by bus.哦，我通常乘公共汽车来。There is a house by the river.河边有座房子。English is spoken as the first language by most people in the USA.在美国，大多数人都把英语作为第一语言。A：Thank you.Goodbye！B：Bye！A：谢谢，再见！B：再见二、名师导学艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线对英语学习的启示下图是德国心理学家(Hermann Ebbinghaus)于1885年根据他的实验结果绘成的描述遗忘进程的曲线，即著名的艾宾浩斯记忆遗忘曲线(The Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve)。
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