1、(5)七选五定位解题有章可循 真题研析掌握解题技法2020全国卷体裁:说明文词数:250个建议用时:6 minutesA.Feeling upset again?B.Where do you start?C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.D.Remember,you are only human.E Set an intention for self-acceptance.F.Stop comparing yourself with others.G.When does the comparison game start?【解题流程思路例示】Step 1:
2、读文章 明主旨Main idea:A Few Tips for_.Step 2:观位置 找线索 题号定位置找线索,寻逻辑答案1段中前句指出“但有时接受和爱自己似乎太困难,太遥不可及”,后句提到“下面是一些方法”。“Where do you start?”就上句提出问题,并引出下句中的解决方法,起到了承上启下的作用2段首标题句,与上下标题一致,为祈使句。“Stop comparing yourself with others.”与空格后的“Do not follow the people.”为同一话题的内容题号定位置找线索,寻逻辑答案3段中过渡句,上句提到,我们经常为我们的缺点、我们的错误和失败
3、而感到羞愧,下句试图解释造成这一现象的原因。“Remember,you are only human.”与下句中的“You will make mistakes”,衔接顺畅4段尾本段建议找出自己的长处写在日记里,并举例说明。题空处对整段进行总结和评价,“Nothing is too small to celebrate.”符合语境。5段中不仅列出你的长处,还要列出缺点,当回读这些缺点时,根据常识推断,人们会感到不高兴,所以此处设问“Feeling upset again?”,紧接着提到,看着自己的长处和成就又会有何感想,与前文形成对比。整个段落顺承自然,逻辑合理。Step 3:补全空 再验证【
4、解题流程思路例示】Step 1:Self-AcceptanceStep 2:15.BFDCA 【命题分析技巧点拨】1.设空在段首(1)段落主题句 与下文为总分关系,正确选项必须是整段内容的核心。(2)标题句 选项句式结构通常要与其他小标题相同,必须概括整段内容。(3)过渡句 一般与上下段内容衔接和呼应。起到上下段之间的启承作用。2.设空在段中(1)承上启下 正确选项起到上下句之间的衔接作用;关注语篇中的衔接标志词,如first,second,furthermore,after all,similarly,equally,again,by the way,therefore,to sum up,
5、so,as a result,for example,on the other hand,however等。(2)内容连贯 若衔接标志词不明显,则将选项带入原文,符合逻辑的才是正确答案。3.设空在段尾(1)关注前句 正确选项一般与前一句或两句关系最密切。有时,段尾句是整个段落的归纳与总结。另外,明确正确选项与前文的关系:转折、对比、并列、递进、顺承、因果等。(2)引出下文 若在选项中找不出与前文的关系,此时可以考虑与下一段的联系。【解题指导误区警示】答题常见盲区:(1)忽略主题的统领作用 要关注文章的主旨,选项内容要与前后句主题一致。(2)忽略上下文语言逻辑 务必仔细阅读上下句,分析句意是否在
6、逻辑上通顺,合理,避免貌合神离。(3)忽略句中关键词或过分依赖关键词 文章中经常重复使用某一词语或子范畴的词语及同义表达。但有时命题人也会利用关键词制造混淆选项,前后文逻辑务必要行得通。(4)忽略典型过渡词 对过渡词(短语)however,instead,on the contrary等把握不准意味着对文章逻辑掌握不准确,势必造成错答。The outbreak of the COVID-19 is unfortunate.If you have been in contact with people who were staying in high-risk areas and now you
7、 feel sick with fever,cough,or difficulty breathing,dont panic.1 Seek medical adviceCall ahead before you go to a doctors office or emergency room.Tell them about your recent travel and your symptoms.Follow their professional instructions.2 The virus is said to spread person-to-person,so it is advis
8、able for you to stay indoors and carry out a 14-day quarantine.考场演练提升实战素养Test 1词数:218个建议用时:5 minutes Do not travel while sick.You may easily spread the disease,or if there are those who have more severe symptoms,it may bring on yours.3 Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve(not your
9、hands)when coughing or sneezing.4 So for your and others sake,please do as you are advised.On the other hand,if you see people do so,it is wise to keep a distance.Wash your hands with soap and water immediately after coughing,sneezing or blowing your nose.5 But if soap and water are not readily avai
10、lable,you can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60%alcohol.Always wash hands with soap and water if hands are visibly dirty.A.Avoid contact with others.B.You may also ask for medical help.C.There were many difficult questions.D.There are a few ways to help you with the situa
11、tion.E.Personal sanitation effectively reduces chances of infection.F.It has been proved that the virus easily spreads through sneezing.G.Plus there are travel bans from many governments,and airlines have restrictions to.Test 1【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种方法帮助你正确应对新冠肺炎。1.D 上文提示“如果你与待在高风险地区的人有过接触,现在你感到发烧、咳嗽
12、或呼吸困难,不要惊慌。”,D项There are a few ways to help you with the situation.切题。2.A 根据下文“这种病毒据说会在人与人之间传播,所以建议你待在室内并进行14天的隔离。”Avoid contact with others.(避免与他人接触。)承接下文。3.G 该段建议生病时不要旅行,旅行中容易互相传播疾病。因此许多国家的政府都颁布了旅行禁令,航空公司也受到限制。G项切题。4.F 当咳嗽或打喷嚏时,用你的纸巾或袖子(而不是手)遮住嘴和鼻子。因为事实证明,这种病毒很容易通过喷嚏传播。F项切题。5.E 根据上文“在咳嗽,打喷嚏或擤鼻涕之后立
13、即用肥皂和水洗手。”再根据下文“但是如果没有肥皂和水,你可以使用含有至少60%酒精的酒精洗手液。”,E项(个人卫生设施有效地减少了感染的机会。)承接上下文。【长难句分析】If you have been in contact with people who were staying in high-risk areas and now you feel sick with fever,cough,or difficulty breathing,dont panic.分析:If you.difficulty breathing为条件状语从句;从句的两层意思由and连接,与在高风险地区待过的人有接
14、触;本人发烧,咳嗽或呼吸困难;在条件状语从句中,who引导定语从句,修饰people。译文:如果你曾与在高风险地区待过的人有过接触,现在你感到发烧、咳嗽或呼吸困难,不要恐慌。Some people can sit outside all summer long and not suffer from mosquito bites.Others get a lot of bites.What gives?1.Mosquitoes use specialized behaviors and sensory organs to find victims by following the subtle
15、(微妙的)chemical traces their bodies leave behind.In particular,mosquitoes rely on carbon dioxide to find their hosts.Mosquitoes start flying upwind towards the carbon dioxide as they sense it.2.Things start getting personal when mosquitoes get about 3 feet away from agroup of potential targets.In clos
16、e quarters,mosquitoes take into account a lot of factors that vary from person to person,including skin temperature,theTest 2词数:240个建议用时:6 minutes presence of water vapor and color.Scientists believe that mosquitoes rely on the chemical compounds produced by the bacteria living on our skin to choose
17、 victims.3.If you compare a father and daughter in the same household,there can be differences in the amounts of the chemicals the bacteria are making.Researchers found that men with a greater diversity of skin bacteria tended to get fewer mosquito bites than men with less diverse skin bacteria did.
18、4.The composition of those bacteria can also vary over time in the same individual,particularly if that person is sick.We dont have much control over the bacteria on our skin,but scientists did offer some advice based on their research.5,so consider wearing something lighter at your next cookout.A.M
19、osquitoes love the color blackB.Mosquitoes have a good sense of smellC.These chemical compounds vary from personD.Some chemical compounds attract mosquitoesE.Its mostly about the invisible chemicals around usF.Using carbon dioxide,mosquitoes can lock onto targets from 50 meters awayG.These differenc
20、es can account for big differences in how many bites a person getsTest 2【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,解释了为什么有些人容易被蚊子咬,而有些人则不被蚊子咬。1.E 下句提到“by following the subtle chemical traces”,E选项中出现chemicals一词与之呼应,同时也是对上段末尾What gives的回答。故选E。2.F F项中的carbon dioxide与上句中该词属“词汇复现”。是对上句的进一步解释。3.C C项中出现了上句中的chemical compounds,与上句谈论的是
21、同一个话题,衔接合理。4.G G项中的These differences 与本段第一句中“differences”指的是同一种“不同”。G项中的“how many bites a person gets”与上句语义一致。5.A 根据空格后的“something lighter”可知,此句谈论的是服装颜色,所以A项“蚊子喜欢黑色”符合语境。【词汇积累】specialized adj.专业的;专门的particular adj.特别的;详细的;独有的personal adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的potential adj.潜在的,可能的diversity n.多样性;差异individual a
22、dj.个人的;个别的 The human body cant handle extreme heat.The processes that keep us alive work best within a certain temperature window.Thats generally between about 36 and 37 Celsius,depending on the person.If someones body temperature goes higher,the bodys primary response to heat is to try and get rid
23、of it.To get rid of the heat,blood vessels(血管)in the skin expand.1 That pushes blood flow to the skin.There,the blood can release heat to cool down.Meanwhile,sweating kicks in to cool the skin.2 That limit depends on an individuals health,as well as the temperature and humidity(湿度)outside.If the out
24、side temperatures are hotterTest 3词数:266个建议用时:6 minutes than the body,blood at the skin wont release heat.And where humidity is high,sweating wont cool the skin.3 In that case,people can experience heat exhaustion,which causes weakness,dizziness and sickness.If a person still doesnt cool off,heat st
25、roke(中暑)may occur.4 This can allow the body temperature to climb as high as 40 C.That is high fever.Without treatment,death may follow.No one is immune to heat.But it hits some groups harder than others.The elderly are considered the most easy to be attacked.One reason:They have fewer sweat glands.B
26、ut their bodies also respond more slowly to rising temperatures.5 Many people see heat as more of an annoyance than a threat.But climate change,extreme heat and human health are all connected.As Earths temperatures climb,extreme heat waves will probably become more common,endangering more people.A.T
27、he body cant endure too much heat.B.At the same time,the heart begins beating faster.C.But there is a limit to how much the body can adjust.D.This signals that the bodys ability to regulate heat has broken down.E.If the body temperature stays high for long,some organs can be damaged.F.If the body ha
28、s to keep dealing with heat without a break,it gets worn out.G.Children,too,are at risk because they havent fully developed the ability to regulate heat.Test 3【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了过高的温度对人生命的影响。1.B 根据空格后的句子“That pushes blood flow to the skin.”可知,上句应该涉及心脏的内容。故选B。2.C 空格位于段首,一般起到上下段之间逻辑联系的作用。上段提到血液和汗液对降温的作
29、用。本段下文提到个体情况以及外部温度对体温调剂的影响。上下段之间为转折关系,C项符合语境。3.F 根据下句中的In that case,可知空格处与下句之间为因果关系。再根据下句中exhaustion与F项中的同义转换词worn out可知,F项正确。4.D 根据前面的“heat stroke may occur”可知,D项(这表明身体调节热量的能力已经崩溃)语意连贯,符合语境。5.G 本段先提出“it hits some groups harder than others”,然后举例说明这一现象,第一个例子为“The elderly.”;G项,“Children,too,are at ris
30、k”与第一个例子并列,逻辑合理。How the Internet WorksThe Internet Connects Smaller NetworksIn a very simple computer network,two computers are linked together in order to communicate.1.You can expand that network to include more computers easily with a router.When one router is connected to another,the network is
31、able to scale without limit.Communicating over the InternetOn the Internet,data from individual computers and networks is sent to the users Internet service provider(ISP).2.Users can communicate with aTest 4词数:274个建议用时:6 minutesspecific computer on the Internet either by typing in the computers Inte
32、rnet protocol(IP)address or by using its domain name(域名).Traditional Internet Infrastructure(基础设施)3.Modems change the data from business and home networks into information that can be managed over the telephone infrastructure.Instead of the point-to-point circuit switching used in traditional voice
33、calling,the Internet uses packet switching for sending data among countless computers.4 While the two words are sometimes used almost interchangeably,the Internet is not the same thing as the Web.The Web is a service built on top of theInternet.For typing in domain names and browsing websites,end-us
34、ers rely on Web browser software.Web browsers send messages to certain computers on the network,which are known as Web servers.Rise of the Mobile InternetWith the popularity of mobile smartphones and tablets computers,a mobile Internet has arisen that uses towers to pass information to and from sate
35、llites.The phones use their built-in antennas(天线)to send information to the towers and fetch data.5.A.The Internet is different from the WebB.We use two words to describe the InternetC.Typically,this is done either physically or wirelesslyD.Traditionally,the data traffic has run over cable networksE
36、.Generally,we can communicate with each other via the satelliteF.Each ISP runs special routers capable of communicating with othersG.Thus,cellphones can be used wherever you can connect with a tower stationTest 4【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了网络的运行方式。1.C 考查上下文联系。本段解释什么是电脑网络,C项中的this指代上文中的“simple computer network
37、”,C项符合语境。2.F 考查上下文语义的连续性。根据关联信息ISP可知,F项与上句涉及的内容一致。符合语境。3.D 考查上下文语义的连续性。根据D项中Traditionally可知,此选项与标题语义一致,cable networks与标题中的Infrastructure语义有关联。故选D。4.A 考查段落标题。本段主要讲述Internet 与Web两个词的不同。故选A。5.G 考查总结与归纳。本段主要讲述移动网络,以及手机接收信息的原理,故G项顺承上句,符合语境。A lot of studies suggest that eating nuts and seeds can helpyou l
38、ose weight.And it can but only in very limited amounts and together with an entire diet and proper exercise.1.So,if you eat too many nuts,you will surely gain rather than lose pounds.2,it is important to reduce the number of calories you eat elsewhere.In this case,it depends on how you eat your nuts
39、 and seeds.If they are raw and unsalted,they can help lower your blood pressure.However,most come salted to improve their taste.Many of us already eat too much salt,which generally works in partnership with potassium(钾)to regulate the fluid balance in our bodies.3.Test 5词数:237个建议用时:5 minutes It is b
40、est to eat unsalted varieties,but if you are careful with your sodium(钠)consumption,you can cheat a little by choosing unsalted nuts or seeds and adding just a little bit of salt at home.It is sure to be less than the packaged product.4.You can use Italian seasoning or chili powder to add flavor wit
41、hout sodium.5,but quite the opposite if you eat too many.There are some pure junk foods that we should avoid,such as processed meals and fast food meals.But when it comes to nuts and seeds,there are benefits to be gained from eating the right amount.A.If you have a strong preference for nuts and see
42、dsB.If you do plan to add nuts or seeds to your weight loss planC.When that critical balance is off,it drives up blood pressureD.There is no doubt that nuts and seeds are very healthy foodE.Another great strategy is to flavor your seeds or nuts with herbsF.Nuts especially are very high in fat and re
43、present a high calorie loadG.The tricky thing about seeds and nuts is that they are healthy in the proper doseTest 5【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了用坚果作为减肥食物时,应注意的问题。1.F 根据后文中So,可知,上下句为因果关系,“如果吃太多坚果,你肯定会发胖而不是减肥。原因在于,坚果中脂肪含量尤其高,是高热量的代表”。2.B 分析句子结构,此处为复合句的前半句。后半句“重要的是要减少你在其他地方摄入的热量”,由此推测,B项“如果你计划在你的减肥计划中加入坚果或种子”符合语
44、境。3.C 根据上句中的相关词balance可知,C项与上句为顺承关系,衔接自然、合理。4.E 上文提到,为了增加口味,在家吃的时候加少量盐,E项指另一种增加口味的方法,此处与空前句叙述形成逻辑上的并列关系,所以选E。5.G 根据后文中but可知,前后为转折关系。G项中的“proper dose”与后面的“too many”形成对比,故选G。No one has yet proved a connection between napping(小睡)and professional success,but an interesting study published this week clai
45、ms to find a link between daytime nap and good health.Dr.Androniki Naska and Dimitrios Trichopoulos from Harvards School of Public Health followed over 23,000 Greek patients for an average of six years.1 The study found that the group of adults who took a 30-minute nap at least three times a week ha
46、d a third fewer deaths from heart disease than an equivalent group who did not sleep at all during the day.2 Test 6词数:243个建议用时:6 minutes It was also greater for working males than for those who had retired.However,a number of previous studies done in the Mediterranean,where naps remain common,have c
47、ome up with conflicting results,but Dr.Naska and Dr.Trichopoulos argue that those studies have often been flawed(有缺陷).3 They may have benefited more from napping than healthy individuals do.Given that all of the subjects of this new study were Greeks,could the much-celebrated Mediterranean diet dese
48、rve credit,rather than the naps?4 And he is in a good position to say so,for it was he who did the pioneering research that put olive oil and a plant-based diet on the scientific map in the first place.5 The earlier findings about the benefits of the Mediterranean diet are confirmed,he says,and napp
49、ing seems to help on top of that.A.The firm answer from Dr Trichopoulos is“No”.B.The benefit was greater for men than for women.C.Their conclusion:napping just might save your life.D.Some studies have shown that diet is relevant to naps.E.For example,the subjects in some had survived heart attacks.F
50、.Those with heart attacks are also less likely to take naps during the day.G.His study was controlled for diet,smoking,exercise and other relevant factors.Test 6【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明白天小睡的人比不小睡的人更健康,寿命更长。1.C 上文提到,Androniki Naska博士和Dimitrios Trichopoulos博士对23 000多名希腊病人进行了平均6年的跟踪调查。”C项“他们的结论是:小睡可能会救你的命
51、。”是对两位博士研究结果的说明。2.B 由下文第三段第一句“工作的男性也比退休的男性受益要多。”可知,“男性比女性受益更大。”切题。选项中greater对应下文中的also greater。故选B。3.E 承接下文,E项中the subjects in some指代下句中的They。“例如,有些对象在心脏病发作后存活下来。”切题 他们可能比健康的人从午睡中获益更多。4.A 根据空前一句及空后“say so”判断此处为对上句所提问题的回答。选项中“answer”及“No”均为提示,故选A。No是对上文的回答。5.G 上一句提到,他很有资格这么说,因为正是他做了开创性的研究。G项中的His study对应上一句中的“it was he who did the pioneering research。”【词汇积累】connection n.连接;关系;人脉professional adj.专业的;职业的n.专业人员;职业运动员average n.平均;平均数 adj.平均(数)的;普通的previous adj.以前的;早先的conflicting adj.冲突的;相矛盾的pioneering adj.首创的;先驱的
