1、第三讲情态动词和虚拟语气12015福建高考Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You_ have made full preparations.答案：should根据句式结构可知，此处考查情态动词用法，结合语义，可知此处表示“本应该做而未做的事”，故填should，暗含对对方的责怪。22015陕西高考You_ feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did
2、 it.答案：may根据句中的“but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it”可判断出，表示对前面情况的一种推测，所以用may“也许，可能”。32015重庆高考You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.答案：must依据第二句可知，此处应用must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。42015重庆高考Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway
3、_ not have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.答案：would该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，依据语境可知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句用wouldhave done结构。52015天津高考I _ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.答案：neednt根据语义可知此处表示“没必要做某事反而做了”，故用“neednt have done”结构。62015四川高考You_
4、 be careful with the camera. It costs!答案：must句意：你一定要小心这个相机。它很贵的！根据语境可知，此处表示“一定”，故用must。72014江苏高考It was so sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.答案：should句意：让我难过的是，他们自己那么贫穷，竟然还给我带来食物。should表示说话人惊讶的语气，“竟然”。82014江西高考Life is unpredictable, even the poorest _ become the richest.答案：may/
5、might句意：生活是不可预测的，即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最富有的人。may/might“可能”。92014四川高考I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.答案：would句意：我仍记得我快乐的童年，那时妈妈常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。would“过去常常”。102014重庆高考It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _ done it?答案：had本题考查虚拟语气。
6、第一句已经说明是John打坏的窗户，所以第二句中as if后面要用虚拟语气，而且是对过去的虚拟，故填had。句意：是约翰打坏的窗户，你为什么和我说呢？好像是我打坏的一样。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。2016河北调研Mum (putting on her coat): Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan: Why?Mum: Im not sure what _1_ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left the
7、m on the table _2_ I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre _3_ (go)Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen _4_ (early)Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished _5_ (make) them, so he couldnt have done it. _6_， he couldnt car
8、ry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so Im sure _7_ wasnt him.Alan (opening the fridge door): Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of _8_ fridge?Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _9_ have put them in there when the phone rang
9、. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my _10_. Now, why did I put on my coat？Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文为一位健忘的母亲和女儿间的对话。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。1happened。考查时态。根据下句可知，设空处表示过去的事情，故用一般过去时。 2when。考查从属连词。句意：我早就做好了一些三明治，去接电话时我把它们放在桌子上了。根据left和went及句意可推知，设空处表示“当的时候”。went为瞬间动词，故while不可用。3gone。考查非谓语动词作表语。gone意为“没了，不见了”。4ea
10、rlier。考查副词。句意：我确信他早就在厨房了。earlier“早些时候”。5making。考查非谓语动词作宾语。finish后须用动名词而不是不定式作宾语，故答案为making。6Anyway/Besides。考查副词用法。根据设空处前后两句的逻辑关系，可判断设空处表示附加关系。句意：无论如何/此外，他不可能拿着一盘子三明治还带着他所有的网球用具。7it。考查代词用法。it用来指代不明身份的人。8the。考查冠词用法。设空处后的名词fridge表示特指，故用the。9must。考查情态动词用法。句意：我一定是在电话响的时候把它们放在那里的。10mind/memory。考查固定搭配。lose
11、 ones mind/memory“失去记忆”。Step 3：代入验证。需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)情态动词的基本用法：can与be able to的区别；must与have to的区别；shall的用法；should的用法；used to与would的用法；may与might的用法；need与dare的用法。(2)情态动词表推测：对现在和将来情况的推测；对过去情况的推测；几个情态动词的特殊用法(should/need)。(3)虚拟语气的用法：条件从句及含蓄条件引出的虚拟语气(but, but for, without, otherwise等)
12、；wish后跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气；if only, as if/though, would rather, Its high time后跟从句中的虚拟语气；表示“建议，要求，命令，坚持”等词后跟名词性从句中的虚拟语气。学情分析考生在情态动词和虚拟语气的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)考生对情态动词中的特殊情况掌握不熟练，导致在相对复杂的情况中不能透析考查内容的方向，而导致出错；(2)含蓄条件下的虚拟语气出现条件与结论与if条件从句引出的结论不能对应一致，而导致使用混乱；(3)在条件与结论发生在不同时段的情况下，仍按一致的情况作答，而导致错误。考点一情态动词的基本用法情态动词基本用法也是历
13、年考查热点之一。除了掌握它们的基本含义外，must“非得，偏要”；shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等；should“竟然”，也备受命题者的青睐。解决此类问题，一方面要注意情态动词的基本含义，另一方面，要注意特殊语境下的特殊含义。1can和could的用法(1)表示“能力”。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh, you are really his big fan.在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。注意：be able to亦是表“能力”，但更侧重于表示克服种种
14、困难后，所能达到的能力。We were able to finish it ahead of time， though it was such a tough task.尽管任务艰巨，我们仍能提前完成。(2)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？(3)could用于疑问句。表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。This dish is really delicious.Could you please say it in Chinese?Sure, we call it “doufu”这道菜真的很
15、好吃，你能不能用汉语说出菜名是什么？当然可以，我们称之为“豆腐”。(4)表示允许或许可(口语中常用)。What should I wear to the party?Well, it isnt very formal.You can wear whatever you like.晚会我应该穿什么？晚会不太正式，你可以穿自己喜欢的任何衣服。(5)cannot.too/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.开车时越小心越好。2may和might的用法(用于倒装句中)(1)may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，
16、“祝愿”(用于倒装句中)等意义。May you succeed！祝你成功！注意：当may用于疑问句时，其否定回答是“No， .mustnt/cant.”。May I take this book out of the reading room？No， you mustnt.You read it in here.我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？不，决不可以，你在这儿读。(2)“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high, you may as well buy some pork. It dep
17、ends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。(3)may well用于加强推测语气，表示有较大可能性。What you say may well be true.你说的很有可能是事实。典例12015陕西西工大附中二模Sometimes I am even sleepy in class.Its terrible. You _ as well go to bed earlier.解析might/may考查情态动词用法。根据句意可知填may/might。may/might as well“倒不如；最好”。3must的用法(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。You must
18、nt park here！Its an emergency exit.你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急情况出口处。(2)表必要性，意为“必须”，强调主观方面的必须，其否定形式是neednt/dont have to。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。注意：have to表示“不得不，必须”，强调客观因素所迫而必须去做的事情。I have
19、to hand in my term paper before 5：00 p.m. today.今天下午五点之前我不得不交上我的试卷。(3)表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。用于疑问句或条件从句中。Where did you get this book?I picked it up from a secondhand bookshop if you must know.你在哪里买的这本书？如果你偏要知道，我是在一家二手书店买到的。4shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shall I go out for a walk after suppe
20、r?晚饭后我可以散散步吗？(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁，或用于正式法律、条规中。Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。典例22015北京西城区期末The sign at Gate 8 reads that you _ show your boarding pass and passport before getting on the plan
21、e.解析must考查情态动词用法。根据语境可知，此处表示“必须做”，故填must。典例32015四川资阳二诊According to the school rules，a student _ report any damage to school, properties to a teacher or the office immediately.解析shall考查情态动词用法。根据“According to the school rules”可知，此处表示正式条规中的内容，故应填shall。5will和would的用法(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。Please dont tell anybod
22、y.I wont. I promise.请别告诉任何人。我不会的，我保证。I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。(3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 He would go to bed strictl
23、y at 9, and on Sundays would not have lunch anywhere except in that restaurant.他总是严格地9点上床睡觉。星期日总在那家饭店吃午饭。6should的用法(1)表示一种“义务或职责”，通常理解为“应该”。You should take the medicine with a full glass of water.你应该用满满一杯水来服这种药。(2)表示惊奇、赞叹、不满等情绪。It never occurred to me that she should lie to me again.我从来没有想到她竟然又骗我。典例
24、4We cant imagine that two children _ be killed by the washing machine of their house.解析should考查情态动词用法。句意：我们无法想象两个孩子竟然被家里的洗衣机绞死了。should“竟然”。典例52015山东菏泽一中期末When we worked in the same office several years ago, we _ often go to the cinema together.解析would考查情态动词的用法。根据when引导的时间状语可知，此空表示的是在过去总是发生的事情，故填woul
25、d。考点二情态动词表推测1情态动词表对现在情况的推测(1)can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the mee
26、ting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？Lets visit Tom together, Stephen.Theres no need to do so.He cant be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.Stephen，咱们一起去拜访汤姆吧。没必要这样做。他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。(2)may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语
27、气。What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.本周六你打算做什么？说不准，不过或许我会去滚石演唱会。(3)must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。Its the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh，sorry.这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。噢，对不起。(4)should用来表示推测时意为“应
28、该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。典例62015福建泉州五校摸底The program Where Are We Going, Dad? shows that the children _ be really annoying at times, but after a while, youll get used
29、 to them.解析can考查情态动词用法。根据语境可知此处表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”，故填can。典例72015浙江重点中学检测There _ be any difficulty about winning the speech contest now that youre well prepared for it.解析shouldnt考查情态动词用法。根据语境可知，此处表达“按道理来说应当如此”的意思，结合句意可知填shouldnt。典例82015北京东城区期末A journal is not necessarily a reliable record of facts, for
30、the writers impressions _ colour the telling of events.解析might考查情态动词的用法。根据“not necessarily a reliable record”可知，此空表示“可能性不大”，故填might。2情态动词对过去情况的推测基本构成：情态动词have done用法如下：续表典例92015四川绵阳二诊Mr Jackson _ have got the good news, for he looks so excited.解析must考查情态动词的用法。根据下文“for he looks so excited”可知，该空表示肯定性推
31、测，故填must。典例102015北京东城区一模The fire in the supermarket last night was terrible!They _ have taken some measures to prevent it occurring.解析should考查情态动词用法。根据语境和句意，此处表示“本应该做而未做的事”，故填should。考点三虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1虚拟语气在非真实性条件句中的基本形式虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反的假设if主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反的假设if主语h
32、ad过去分词主语should/would/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反的假设1.if主语动词的过去式2.if主语were to动词原形3.if主语should动词原形主语should/would/could/might动词原形2当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应调整。Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.也许如果当时我学习的是理科
33、而不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。3if省略句在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.如果那时我了解这个电脑程序的话，那么我会省下大量的时间和精力。4含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句。其主要表现形式是：用with, without, but for, under, o
34、r, if only等构成的结构代替条件状语从句。如：Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.But for your help，.If it had not been for your help，.Had it not been for your help，.没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)他打电话告诉了我你的生日，
35、否则，我对此一点都不知道。But for their help, we could not have finished the program in time.如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那个项目。注意：该考点中注意逆向考查方式，即：常规考查时，一般考查虚拟语气的结构；而逆向考查时，虚拟语气是情景，考查真实的情况。典例112015浙江温州一模Without my parents encouragement and support, I definitely _ (be) where I am today.解析wouldnt be考查虚拟语气的用法。“without名词短语”引出的虚拟
36、条件，主句表示与现在事实相反，故填wouldnt be。典例122015北京朝阳区一模If it _ (repair) earlier, the printing machine would not have broken down.解析had been repaired考查虚拟语气的用法。在If条件从句中的动作发生在过去，主句对应的也是发生在过去，故从句中的谓语应使用过去完成时态，且“repair”与“machine”之间为被动关系，故答案是had been repaired。典例132015陕西西安八校联考三_ you read the instructions closely, you
37、would know what I am referring to now.解析Had考查虚拟语气的用法。根据句式结构分析可以发现两个句子之间缺少连词，主句用“would动词原形”可知此处考查的是虚拟语气的倒装情况。由句意可知从句中的if省略，提前Had，表示过去的情况，而主句表示的是现在的情况。考点四虚拟语气的其他情况1虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。H
38、ow much of the foreign experts speech have you understood?Next to nothing. I wish I had worked harder at English.外国专家的演讲你懂多少？几乎什么也不懂，要是我过去更刻苦学习英语就好了。(2)某些表示坚持、建议、命令和要求的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语形式常采用“(should)动词原形”。这类动词包括advise, insist, order, suggest, command, demand, propose, require等。注意：(1)动词insist如果表示“坚持说”，宾语从
39、句不用虚拟语气。同样，当suggest作“表明，暗示”讲时，其后的宾语从句也不用虚拟语气。(2)表“建议，要求，命令”类的词后跟名词性从句，从句中的谓语用“(should)动词原形”。The suggestion is that our school should provide more books about popular science.建议我们学校提供一些关于流行科学的书籍。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.老师们建议父母
40、，为了安全起见不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。(3)would rather后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。其谓语动词构成形式为：George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more on its culture.乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。2虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在“It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/demanded/order
41、ed/requestedthat从句”中，谓语动词用should动词原形，should可以省略。It is strange that he (should) react in this way.很奇怪，他竟然作出这样的反应。3虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法It is (high/about) time (that).句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或用should动词原形(其中should通常不省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该”，用来表示提议。It is (high) time that you went/should go to school.你该去上学了。4as if/as though引导
42、的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去似乎要下雨。5if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟)，表示强烈的愿望Look at the trouble were in.If only we had taken our te
43、achers advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了。典例142015北京石景山区一模The old man wished he _ live to see the birth of his grandchild.解析would/could/might考查虚拟语气的用法。根据从句的意思可以看出该空表示的是与将来事实相反的情况，故动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。典例152015天津河西区一模Did Jack take the doctors advice that he _ lie in bed for another three days?If o
44、nly he _.解析should; had考查虚拟语气的用法。第一空考查advice后跟名词性从句，谓语动词为“(should)动词原形”；第二空考查If only引出了虚拟语气，根据语境可知，此处表示与过去情况的虚拟，故填过去完成时，省去“taken the doctors advice”。NO.1 解题步骤1分析句子结构，判断句子成分是否缺少。2根据空格所在的位置以及语境判断所考查知识点。3根据所考查知识点相关内容填写正确答案。NO.2 解题技巧1如果句子结构完整，空格后的动词是原形(包括被动式、进行式、完成式等)，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，考虑情态动词或助动词。2考查虚拟
45、语气通常是有提示词的题目，考查基本集中在谓语的各种形式，因此熟练掌握虚拟语气的常考类型是解题的根本。典例162015吉林实验中学二模I got a C for my report.You _ have made it wrong.You know I have put much time and energy to the report.解析must根据空格的位置和句子结构分析可知此处填情态动词(空格后为动词原形)；根据上文“I got a C for my report”的时态，可知此空考查的是情态动词表推测的用法，答案是must，表示“把握很大”(由下文可知)。典例172015陕西省五校一
46、模But for those interruptions, the meeting _ have finished half an hour ago.解析would考查虚拟语气。根据“but for those interruptions”可知，此题考查虚拟语气，根据语境及“half an hour ago”这一时间状语可知，该空表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故填would。1情态动词主要掌握以下几点：(1)各种常见情态动词的基本用法及其特殊情况；(2)情态动词表推测。在学习过程中，主要是体会语境，理解其表达的情感态度，结合用法做出正确判断。2虚拟语气，首要掌握的是if条件从句引出的虚拟语气，在这基础上，掌握其他从句中的语气和固定句式，并在解题时，始终把握好时间线索以求做出正确答案。因此，情态动词和虚拟语气的学习关键是：“语境”和“时间”的把握。
