1、Unit 3 Unit 3 Language in useLanguage in use英语句子有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。如果我们不知道或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或需要强调动作的承受者，就要用到被动语态。被动语态一、主动语态变被动语态的方法【例句】我们每天打扫教室。主动语态：We clean our classroom every day.主语 谓语宾语被动语态：Our classroom is cleaned by usevery day.主语谓语宾语【口诀】宾提前变主，主变介by宾，谓语“be+done”，状语不用变。
2、【说明】主动语态变被动语态一般分四步：1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2.将主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓语结构，即“be+动词的过去分词”；3.将主动语态中的主语放在介词by后，by短语通常位于被动谓语结构之后；4.主动语态中的时间、地点状语等在被动语态中不变。二、一般现在时的被动语态的否定、疑问形式一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式是在am,is,are后加not；一般疑问句形式是将am,is,are提到句首；特殊疑问句形式是“疑问词+一般疑问句”结构。如：The desk is made by him.(肯定句)The desk is not made by him.(否定句)I
3、s the desk made by him?(一般疑问句)What is the desk made of?(特殊疑问句)三、主动语态变被动语态时常见错误分析主动语态变被动语态时，初学者常犯以下两种错误：1.误用人称代词Jim often sees us.【误】Us are often seen(by Jim).【正】We are often seen(by Jim).【析】如果主动语态句子的宾语是人称代词,在变被动语态时要用其对应的主格形式。2.混淆主、被动谓语结构Does he do a lot of work every day?【误】Does a lot of work done(b
4、y him)every day?【正】Is a lot of work done(by him)every day?【析】不要把主、被动谓语结构混在一起，尤其在否定句和疑问句中。Work in pairs.Compare these sentences Work in pairs.Compare these sentences with the sentences in the grammar box.with the sentences in the grammar box.1.Millions of people see Shakespeares 1.Millions of people
5、see Shakespeares plays every year.plays every year.Shakespeares plays Shakespeares plays are seenare seen by by millions of people every year.millions of people every year.2.Today people think it is one of the 2.Today people think it is one of the greatest books in American literature.greatest books
6、 in American literature.Today it Today it is thoughtis thought to be one of the to be one of the greatest books in American literature.greatest books in American literature.3.Many people today still read3.Many people today still read Confucius works.Confucius works.Confucius works Confucius works ar
7、eare still still readread by by many people today.many people today.4.People dont know Mark Twain as a 4.People dont know Mark Twain as a great thinker.great thinker.Mark Twain Mark Twain isnt knownisnt known as a great as a great thinker.thinker.Now choose the correct form of the words Now choose t
8、he correct form of the words in the box to complete the sentences.in the box to complete the sentences.grow/isnt grown influence/are influenced punish/is punished respect/are respectedChinese people respect their parents.Chinese people respect their parents.Parents Parents are respectedare respected
9、 by Chinese by Chinese people.people.1.Tom _for fighting.1.Tom _for fighting.2.They _ Tom for fighting.2.They _ Tom for fighting.3.Confucius thoughts _ people 3.Confucius thoughts _ people around the world.around the world.4.People in the world _by 4.People in the world _by Confucius thoughts.Confuc
10、ius thoughts.5.Farmers _ rice in spring.5.Farmers _ rice in spring.6.Rice _ in winter in the north.6.Rice _ in winter in the north.is punishedis punishedpunishpunishinfluenceinfluenceare influencedare influencedgrowgrowisnt grownisnt grownWork in pairs.Ask and answer.which book/describe/in New stand
11、ard magazine?The Adventures of Tom SawyerWhich book is described in New Standard magazine?The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.1.what/happen/Tom Sawyer?He has many exciting adventures.he /think/to be dead What happened to Tom Sawyer?He has many exciting adventures.He is thought to be dead.2.who/punish/in th
12、e book?Injun Joe/punish/for/bad behaviour Who is punished in the book?Injun Joe is punished for bad behaviour.3.what/special/about the book?it/believe/to be one of the greatest American books What is special about the book?It is believed to be one of the greatest American books.Complete the conversa
13、tion with the correct form of the words.Tom:Why are popular books made(make)into films?Jerry:Oh,because the story(1)_(already/know)by lots of people,so the film versions will become popular as well.Tom:But why(2)_ the story sometimes _(change)in the film version?has already been knownischangedJerry:
14、Because films and books work differently.Some characters in the book are not included in the film version,but others(3)_(give)more important roles they had in the book.Tom:Surely that doesnt happen in historical films?are givenJerry:Yes,it does,actually.Sometimes even the facts about history(4)_(cha
15、nge).Tom:But how can historical facts be rewritten?Jerry:Because films do not intend to teach history,but rather,to tell a good story!are changedComplete the passage with the correct Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.form of the words in the box.die hero influence ki
16、ll popular prefer punish themeFilms of Shakespeares plays are still(1)_ today because young people like to read the plays but often(2)_ to see them in the cinema.popularpreferHis stories are exciting and the(3)_ are meaningful.We see what the(4)_ do and what(5)_ them.For example,kings(6)_ by bad men
17、,girls and boys(7)_ for love;and bad people(8)_ for their bad behaviour.themesheroesinfluencesare killeddieare punishedBettyDamingYou1.Modern books can be great books.2.Books are more important than films.3.Seeing a play is more interesting than seeing a film.4.Watching TV is more fun than reading a
18、 book.Listen and check()the statements that Betty and Daming agree with.Complete the conversation with the correct form of the phrases in the box.a bit as far as for example in fact have got it rightthink aboutTony:Hello,Daming.Youre spending a lot of time in the library today.Whats up?Daming:Hello,
19、Tony.Im(1)_ my article for New Standard.The title is“my favouritebook”,but I cant decide what to write about.Tony:Well,whats your favourite book?Daming:I havent got one(2)_,I dont really enjoy reading.thinking aboutIn factTony:I see,well.that makes it(3)_ difficult.Can you write about something else
20、,a film,(4)_?Daming:I dont think so.I promised Betty that Id write about my favouritebook.Tony:(5)_a bitfor exampleAs far asI can see,Betty will be pleased if you write an article,even if its a not about a book.Daming:I think you(7)_!Ill write about my favourite film instead.Thanks,Tony.Tony:Youre w
21、elcome.have got it right请关于Plato的简介，完成下面各题。请根据英文释义写出短文中出现过的对应的词汇。1._ very old,not modern 2._ have an effect on 3._come back or go back returnancientinfluence请将The modern world is still influenced by his thoughts改为主动语态。4._ _ 请回答下面的问题。5.What are Platos works called?_The Dialogues.His thoughts still in
22、fluence the modern world.课堂小测验.下面各句中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.Confucius works are still readed by many people today.2.Millions of people are seen Shakespeares plays every year.3.Which book described in New Standard?are seen seereaded readdescribed is described.请将下列各句改为被动语态(每空一词)。1.Everyone loves music._ by ev
23、eryone.2.My aunt often gives me foreign stamps.I _ often _ foreign stamps by my aunt.3.How often do you clean the floor?How often _?Music is lovedamgivenis the floor cleaned4.The small boy eats a big fish every day.A big fish _ the small boy every day.5.They grow rice in the town.Rice _ in the town
24、by _.is eaten byis grownthem .请将下列各句改为主动语态(每空一词)。1.Is a meeting held here every Saturday?_ they _ here every Saturday?2.Is the song sung by Jim?_ Jim _ the song?3.What is done by Betty when she is at home?What _when she is at home?Dohold a meetingDoessingdoes Betty do .请根据所给汉语,完成下列各句(每空一词,含缩写)。1.就我所
25、知,我们不会迟到,因为我们有很多的时间。_ I know,we wont be late,because we have plenty of time.2.你不能跟我们一起去真遗憾。_ that you cant go with us3.我再也不开车了。I _ drive _.As far asIts a pitydontany more4.他是家里唯一活着的人。He is the only person _ in his family.5.我还有好多事情要做。I still have _ to do.6.你为什么不向你的老师求助呢？_ to your teacher for help?Why dont you goalivea lot of work
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