1、第三讲 阅读理解第二节 细节理解(二)综合类细节母题探究 栏目导航 题组集训 限时训练 新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页(2019高考全国新课标卷)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces.At present,these technologies are still expensiv
2、e,though.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could
3、offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can determine peoples identities,and by extension,whether they should be given access to the computer its connected torega
4、rdless of whether someone gets the password right.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology,the researchers had 100 volunteers type the
5、 word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive
6、,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页30.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A.Itll be environment-friendly.B.Itll reach consumers soon.C.Itll be made of plastics.D.Itll help speed up typing.答案：B新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页30细
7、节理解题。因为题干问的是“研究者对于智能键盘有什么预期”，由文章最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来，尽快实现智能键盘的面市。注意：题干中的expect与答案选项中的hope呼应，原文答案句中的market与答案选项中的consumer呼应。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页语篇解读 本文是说明文。在数据和身份信息盗窃越来越常见的背景下，指纹扫描技术仍然很昂贵。文章介绍了一项新科技：智能键盘对大数据时代个人隐私的保护，而且也不贵。体现了人与社会中，以青少年的眼光来
8、关注科技创新。长难句分析 This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.(第二段第二句)句意：这款智能键盘可精确测量使用者的打字节奏和手指施加在每个键上的压力。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页分析 本句是一个复合句。and连接两个并列的宾语成分，名词the cadence后面是“介词which”引导的定语从句，名词the pressure后的定语从句省略了引导词that/which，因其充当
9、apply的宾语，故可省略。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页【方法点津】快速准确找细节做细节理解题时，大多数考生易出现的问题是：1准确率高，但阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧；2阅读速度快但准确率低。要想快速准确解答此类试题，考生不必通篇细看，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，或略读，或跳读，快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，比较对照，确定答案。通常，细节理解题的正确选项有以下特征：新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页(1)用同义词或近义词替换原文中的关键词。如把lose ones job换成了be out of work。(2)词性或者语态有
10、所变化。把原文中的一些词转换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，主要是主动语态与被动语态的转换。(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，然后设置为答案。(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达。当然，考生也可以用排除法解答细节理解题，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项都排除。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页做综合类细节题时，有时考生无法从某一段或者从某一个细节得出答案而是需要读几段甚至通读全文才能获得答案。考生需要分析文章中的几个细节才能找到问题的答案。有的时候选项中的正确答案是原文中某个细节句的不同说法。选项中的干
11、扰项会出现在不同的段落中，而且是提取某句话中部分信息从而迷惑考生。如30题的C项在最后一段的倒数第二句确实有提到，但是文章并没有指明这是研究者的预期目标。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页AHilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland,the Netherlands.Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a hilly a
12、rea with the soil mostly consisting of sand.Once called the Garden of Amsterdam,it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests.They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness.For Dutch people,Hilversum is all about textile(纺织)and media industri
13、es,and modern architecture.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页In history,Hilversum was largely an agricultural area.Daily life was marked by farming,sheep raising and wool production.A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum.They built themselves large villas(别墅)in
14、the wooded surroundings of the town.One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers,currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands.They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.But the textile boom lasted only several decades.
15、The last factory closed in the 1960s.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页The change to a media economy started in 1920,when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek(NSF)established a radio factory in Hilversum.Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town.Television gave another
16、push to the local economy.Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands,and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页In the early 1900s,modern architects WM.Dudok and J.Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum.T
17、hese modern architectural masterpieces(杰作)are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum.Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics.His masterpiece,Hilversum Town Hall was built in 19281931.It has wide internat
18、ional fame and is included in many architecture textbooks.The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of“blocks”.Actually,one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the WM.Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页1Hilversum is dif
19、ferent from most of the Netherlands in that _.Ait has a large populationBit is cut off from big citiesCit has many beautiful gardensDit is in a hilly area with sandy soil语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰城市希尔维苏姆这一地区的地貌特征、工业发展和现代建筑。1D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a h
20、illy area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.”可知，希尔维苏姆的不同之处在于它位于山区，而且是沙土。故选 D 项。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页2What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?ABuilding a railway link to Amsterdam.BHelping its textile industry to develop.CConstructing large villas for the poor.
21、DAssisting its agricultural industry.2B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第三句“They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.”可知，他们使得纺织业更加稳固。故选 B 项。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页3The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment
22、 of _.Aa radio factoryBthe media capitalCa radio stationDa TV station3A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，希尔维苏姆传媒业的兴起要追溯到 1920 年建立的无线电厂。故选 A 项。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页4What is known about WM.Dudoks Hilversum Town Hall?AIt consists of approximately 75 buildings.BIt looks like an open air museum in the city.CIt i
23、s a classic example in architecture textbooks.DIt has shaped most of 20th century Hilversum.4C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，Hilversum Town Hall 享有国际声誉，被收录在多本建筑教材里，是建筑界的一个典范。故选 C 项。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页B(2018高考全国新课标卷)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or river.Peo
24、ple settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly o
25、ver a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in the West,with a population of 30,000.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页Dawson did not have any
26、 of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming.An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the pat
27、h,killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never com
28、fortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down,and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as t
29、hey had come.Today,people still come and goto see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页5What attracted the early settlers to New York City?AIts business culture.BIts small population.CIts geographi
30、cal position.DIts favourable climate.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页语篇解读 本文通过讲述加拿大道森市的发展历史与现状，告诉读者城市兴衰背后的缘由，倡导读者与自然和谐共处。5C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的 New York City 可定位到原文第一段第二、三句“People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City，for example，is
31、 near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，吸引人们去纽约定居的原因是因为纽约的地理位置，故选 C。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页6What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?ATwo-thirds of them stayed there.BOne out of five people got rich.CAlmost everyone gave up.DHalf of them died.6B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中
32、的“first dug for gold in Dawson”可定位到原文第二段最后一句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold，4,000 got rich.”可知，在第一批开采金子的20 000人中有4 000人致富，也就是五分之一的人致富，故选B。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页7What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?AThey found the city too crowded.BThey wanted to try their luck els
33、ewhere.CThey were unable to stand the winter.DThey were short of food.7B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的 leave 可定位到原文最后一段的第四句的后半部分“when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，促使人们离开 Dawson City 的原因是因为阿拉斯加有金子，人们想去碰碰运气，故答案选 B。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页
34、8What is the text mainly about?AThe rise and fall of a city.BThe gold rush in Canada.CJourneys into the wilderness.DTourism in Dawson.8A 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要以道森为例，讲述了城市的兴衰，故 A 项正确。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页C(河北中原名校联盟2019届高三年级3.20联合考试)The average American checks his/her smart phone once every six and a half m
35、inutes,or roughly 150 times each day.You probably do this without even thinking about it.This can influence how well we focus，and the degree to which we can have meaningful social communications,especially if were constantly interrupting ourselves with technology.This is a growing problem more so fo
36、r younger people.However，some people might be more immune to this constant interruption.Many older adults may have not developed these“checking”habits，and are more focused on the present.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页In our rapidly changing world，we value speed and efficiency(效率)However，theres something t
37、o be gained by being slow.When I first started giving presentations to large audiences，I was a rapid communicator.With my mind racing a mile a minute，I tried to say everything I knew about a topic to be thorough，but I noticed the crowd didnt follow.Now，I have only one note to myself that I need as a
38、 reminder before beginning a presentation：“PAUSE”Ill set aside more time for questions and get more audience participation to assess the level in which my message has been understood.With pauses and the right speed，clear message appears，often with fewer words.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页There is another
39、 chance to slow down.Slowing down can make you more aware of the Simple dangers of walking and falling.Falls can be one major cause of hurts and deaths in old age.Thus，taking time to walk down steps，avoiding a tripping(绊倒)danger or being aware of slippery surfaces is important at any age.新课标高考第二轮总复习
40、英语 上一页返回导航下一页Today，therere parts of our life that stress the benefits of being slow.And as we age，we might see the benefits of slowing down a little bit.While we often seek to prevent the process of aging，one necessity and potential benefit of aging may be to appreciate the benefits of slowing，enjoy
41、 here and now a little bit more，and not to worry so much about the future.新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页9How does technology affect younger people according to the author?AIt makes their life pace much faster.BIt improves their communication skills.CIt helps them form a number of good habits.D.It causes d
42、estructive harms to their memory.9.A 解析：推理判断题。第一段先是提到很多人在生活中频繁而匆忙地查看手机这一现象对人们的影响，最后一句指出这使得年轻人不再活在当下，由此可推断，就作者看来科技加快了年轻人的生活节奏，故选 A。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过自己看到的社会现象和自己的生活经历告诉我们，生活中过于匆忙不太妥当，应该学会慢下来，从而让我们享受当下，品味生活。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页10What made the author change his/her speech st
43、yle?AHis/Her high-speed thinking ability.BHis/Her fast-changing speech topics.CThe audiences not playing with him/her.DThe audiences not understanding him/her.10.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中“but I noticed the crowd didnt follow”可知，作者改变演讲风格的原因是观众们听不懂他/她说的是什么，故选 D。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页11What is suggested in the last paragraph?AGood things are worth appreciating slowly.B.Being slow is becoming a popular lifestyle.C.Few people know how to enjoy being slow.D.The old tend to enjoy the benefit of slowing more.11.D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可推断，长者更懂得享受“慢生活”，故选 D。新课标高考第二轮总复习英语 上一页返回导航下一页限时训练