1、科普知识类专题 八 科普知识类专题导读专题 八 专题导读科普类文章是高考阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨，逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：专题 八 专题导读 1文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困
2、难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。专题 八 专题导读 1文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。真题再现专题 八 真题再现2010山东 Batteries can power anything from small
3、 sensors to large systems.While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful，problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves.University of Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller，lighter
4、 and more efficient.专题 八 真题再现“To provide enough power，we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)，”said Jae Kwon，assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU.“The radioisotope(放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”Kwon and
5、his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery，presently the size and thickness of a penny，intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEMS)Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns，Kwon said they are safe.专题 八 真题再现“People hear the word nuclearand thi
6、nk of something very dangerous，”he said.“However，nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices，such as pacemakers，space satellites and underwater systems.”His new idea is not only in the batterys size，but also in its semiconductor(半导体)Kwons battery uses a liquid semico
7、nductor rather than a solid semiconductor.专题 八 真题再现“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy，part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶格结构)of the solid semiconductor，”Kwon said.“By using a liquid semiconductor，we believe we can minimize tha
8、t problem.”专题 八 真题再现 Together with J.David Robertson，chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor，Kwon is working to build and test the battery.In the future，they hope to increase the batterys power，shrink its size and try with various other materials.Kwon said that the batt
9、ery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.专题 八 真题再现()1.Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?A.He teaches chemistry at MU.B.He developed a chemical battery.C.He is working on a nuclear energy source.D.He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.专题 八 真题再现()2.Jae Kwon gave examples
10、 in Paragraph 4_.A.to show chemical batteries are widely applied B.to indicate nuclear batteries can be safely used C.to describe a nuclearpowered system D.to introduce various energy sources专题 八 真题再现()3.Liquid semiconductor is used to_.A.get rid of the radioactive waste B.test the power of nuclear
11、batteries C.decrease the size of nuclear batteries D.reduce the damage to lattice structure专题 八 真题再现()4.According to Jae Kwon，his nuclear battery _.A.uses a solid semiconductor B.will soon replace the present ones C.could be extremely thin D.has passed the final test()5.The text is most probably a _
12、.A.science news report B.book review C.newspaper ad D.science fiction story专题 八 真题再现【文章大意】本文属于科普类文章。主要介绍一种体积更小、能量更大、优点更多的新能源电池的开发。1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Jae Kwon,assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU.排除A项；参照第二段The radioisotope(放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is mu
13、ch higher than chemical batteries.”排除B项；文章无D项内容。参照第三段内容可推测C项正确。专题 八 真题再现2.B 推理判断题。根据本段关键词“dangerous,safely”可知选B。3.D 句意理解题。参照第六段“The key partdamageBy using a liquid semiconductor,we believe we can minimize that problem.”4.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness
14、 of human hair.”可以判断 C项正确。5.A 文章类型题。本文属于科普类，故很有可能是science news report。专题预测专题 八 专题预测 (一)From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space,to the setting up of space stations,human beings have been putting great effort into space research.And so far,we have achieved many successes.But th
15、ere are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not cease trying to progress.专题 八 专题预测 The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration.It is not only helpful but also essential.It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have
16、 wanted to do for a long time.It is also a base for observations of the earth and the universe.It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars.In a word,if we want to explore space more,the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.专题 八 专题预测 As the space station
17、costs a lot of money,it is hard for one country alone to establish one.The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone,and it has tried to do so,but not very successful.So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.Though it is still extremely
18、expensive,it is much cheaper than doing it alone.It is really a job that needs everyones effort and will benefit everyone.专题 八 专题预测 But even so,the funds needed are still a big problem.As for the USA,it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on.Although it is the richest country in the
19、 world,it has much debt every year.It has to make arrangements about its finance,and try to find a balance in all these issues.专题 八 专题预测()1.What is the authors attitude towards building and developing the international space station?ASupportive.BDoubtful.CCritical.DDissatisfied.专题 八 专题预测()2.From Par
20、agraph 2 we can conclude that _.Athe necessity of building the international space station is not realized now Bmany experiments have been done in the international space station Cthe international space station is necessary for people to explore space more Dpeople have traveled to Mars from the int
21、ernational space station专题 八 专题预测()3.Which of the followings is NOT a reason for countries cooperation in building the international space station?AThat it requires a lot of money.BThat it needs everyones effort.CThat it will benefit every participation country.DThat it is too far away from the eart
22、h.专题 八 专题预测()4.The underlined word“aggregated”in paragraph 3 can be replaced by“_”Aunited Bscolded Callowed Dforbade()5.Which of the following aspects about building the international space station is NOT mentioned in the passage?ADifficulties.BAchievements.CSignificance.DSpecific arrangements.专题 八
23、专题预测【文章大意】本文谈论建立国际空间站的问题。国际空间站对于人类探索太空起着至关重要的作用。由于耗资巨大，即使财大气粗的美国有能力建造但效果欠佳，于是寻求与他国合作。现在人们正在探索解决问题的新途径。1A 推理判断题。根据第一段“we should not cease trying to progress”和文中作者说话的语气可知，作者对建设国际空间站持支持态度。专题 八 专题预测2C 推理判断题。根据第二段“In a word,if we want to explore space more,the first thing we should do is to set up a spac
24、e station”可知，国际空间站是进行太空探索所必须的。3D 细节理解题。根据第三段“As the space station costs a lot of money”和“It is really a job that needs everyones effort and will benefit everyone”可知，A、B、C三项均提到了，而文章没有提到D。专题 八 专题预测4A 词义猜测题。由该词所在的语境可知，发展国际空间站耗资巨大，因此美国联合其他一些国家共同来建设该工程，也就是该词的意思相当于united。5D 细节理解题。第三段提到了建设国际空间站面临的困难，第一段提到了
25、已经取得的成就，第二段提到了其重要性，但是文中没有涉及具体细节安排，故答案为D。专题 八 专题预测 (二)Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periodseven if you also exercise regularlycould be bad for your health.And it doesnt matter where the sitting takes placeat the office,at school,in the car or before a computer or TVjust th
26、e overall number of hours it occurs.Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat,have a heart attack or even die.专题 八 专题预测 While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity,they havent suggested people try
27、 to limit how much time they spend in a seated position.“After four hours of sitting,the body starts to send harmful signals，”said EkblomBak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences.She explained that genes regulating(调节)the amount of glucose(葡萄糖)and fat in the body start to shut down.专题 八
28、 专题预测 Even for people who exercise,spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.Tim Armstrong,a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization,said people who exercise every daybut still spend a lot of time sittingmight get more benefit if that exercise were spread acr
29、oss the day,rather than in a single bout(一回).专题 八 专题预测 Still,in a study published in 2009 that tracked(跟踪调查)more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years,researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk,whether or not they exercised.Experts said more research is needed to figure ou
30、t just how much sitting is dangerous,and what might be possible to offset those effects.专题 八 专题预测“People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits，”EkblomBak said.“But when theyre in the office,they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible，”she said.()1.What is the best t
31、itle for the passage?ANo sitting too much while working.BSide effects of sitting too much.CSitting too much could be deadly.DMore and more people sit too much.专题 八 专题预测()2.The underlined word“offset”most probably means _.Aimprove Bavoid Cignore Dincrease专题 八 专题预测()3.According to the researches,_.Ath
32、ose who often sit too long must grow fat or suffer from a heart attack Bregular exercise can greatly balance the effects of sitting too long Cthe amount of the time spent in sitting cant be more than 8 hours a day Dit is right for a person not to sit for more than four hours in a single bout专题 八 专题预
33、测()4.The dangers of sitting too much happen because it can _.Adestroy the balance of glucose and fat in the body Bincrease glucose and fat in the body Cmake a person unable to exercise enough in a day Dweaken a persons immune system专题 八 专题预测()5.In the opinion of EkblomBak,youd better have a rest by
34、_ when at work.Asending your friends emails Bhaving a walk around your office Cchatting online or playing computer games Dlistening to music with your head on the desk专题 八 专题预测【文章大意】说明文。即使经常锻炼身体，长时间坐着也会对健康产生有害影响。1C 主旨大意题。文章首先提出最新研究发现，即：久坐会致命。之后围绕该主题对研究进行介绍，并对此研究发现进行分析。由此判断正确答案选C。其他选项仅是文中细节，不能概念全文内容。
35、专题 八 专题预测2B 词义猜测题。最后一段中艾克布洛姆巴克的讲话是对“what might be possible to offset those effects.”进行举例说明。而艾克布洛姆巴克的讲话内容是如何避免久坐的消极影响，由此可判断选B。3D 细节理解题。根据第三段“After four hours of sitting,the body starts to send harmful signals”可推断选D。专题 八 专题预测4A 细节理解题。根据第三段“She explained that genes regulating(调节)the amount of glucose(葡萄糖)and fat in the body start to shut down.”可知，坐了四个小时后，身体会开始发出有害信号，此时调节体内葡萄糖和脂肪量的基因会开始罢工，即会导致体内葡萄糖和脂肪量失去平衡。故选A。5B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断艾克布洛姆巴克的观点是：人们应该坚持锻炼，因为锻炼身体益处多多。但当他们在办公室时，应该尽可能多地起来活动活动。由此可推断选B。
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