1、Art第四学时Grammar虚拟语气1概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，也用来表达与事实相反的情况。例如：If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。2虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法英语的条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go to the park.(如果明天不下雨的话，我们就去公园。)在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述
2、语气。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果(从句动词用过去式，主句动词用would/could/might do)If I were you，I_would_go at once.我是你的话，我会马上走。If my brother were_here，everything would_be all right.要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。练一练1把下列句子翻译成英语。如果他有时间，他就会(可能)和你去。_要是我是你，我就会(可能)对他说实话。_If he had time，he would/could/might go wi
3、th you.If I were you，I should/would/could/might tell him the truth.(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果(从句动词用had done，主句动词用 would have done)If you had worked harder，you would/could/might have passed your exams.如果你更努力一点，你就会(可能会)通过考试。If I had_been on the spot，I would/should/could/might have called an ambulance.如果我当时在事故
4、现场，我就会打电话叫救护车。练一练2把下列句子翻译成英语。要是她早来五分钟，她就能赶上早班车了。_如果你昨天在这里，他就能找到你了。_If she had come five minutes earlier，she would have caught the early bus.If you had been here，he would have found you yesterday.(3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果(从句动词有三种形式：were to do/shoulddo/did，主句动词用 would do)If it_were_sunny tomorrow，I would c
5、ome to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。If it should_rain，the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就一定(有可能)得救。If it were_to_snow this evening，they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。练一练3把下列句子翻译成英语。如果你明天能把书还给我，我会非常高兴。_如果他知道了真相，你怎么办呢？_If you were to return the book to me，I would be very glad.If he should know the truth，wha
6、t would you do!(4)主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had_listened to the doctor，you would_be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)。If you had_practised speaking English more，you would_beable to speak it fluently.如果你多练习讲英语，现在就能讲得很流利了。(5)虚拟条件句可以转换的形式省
7、略连词if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Were_I you(If I were you)，I would not do it.我要是你，就不做这事。Should_he come(If he should come)，tell him to ring me up.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。用介词短语代替条件状语从句Without air(If there were no air)，there would be no living things.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But_for your
8、help(If it hadnt been for your help)I couldnt have done it.要不是你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1If I _(start)sooner，I might have got there.2If he _(answer)the detective honestly,he would not have been arrested.3If I _(not dress)in this uniform，I wouldnt feel so proud.4If he _(depend)on tourists for his
9、 business，he would have to close his shop.had startedhad answeredwerent dresseddepended5Isnt it time that our government _(take)effective measures to save the environment of our city?6I wish that women _(enjoy)equal rights as men.7The author _(finish)his work if he had not died.8How I wish I _(take)
10、your advice then.5.took6.could enjoy7.might have finished8.had taken二、翻译下列句子1如果有足够的救生艇，就不会有那么多人在事故中遇难。_2如果当时时间允许，我们可以把一切都准备好。_1If there had been enough lifeboats，there would not have been so many people who were killed in the accident.2If time had permitted，we could have got everything ready.3如果我可以飞
11、，我会飞到孩子们最需要我的地方去。_4如果月底能下一场雨，所有的庄稼就有救了。_5要不是这些干扰(interruption)，会议会更早结束。_3If I could fly，I would fly where the children needed me most.4If there were a rain at the end of the month，all the crops would be saved.5But for these interruptions，the meeting would have finished earlier.三、语法填空No one could rec
12、ognize me now if I 1_(not，get)my new transistors 2_ the 1960s.There were times when my size was changed.I became small and thin but I got cleverer and cleverer，quicker and quicker.And my memory became so large that I 3_ believe it！But I 4_(remain)lonely by standing there by myself if they5 _(not，giv
13、e)me a family 6_(connect)by a network in the early 1960s.I could share information 7_ others and we could talk to each other.At about the same time we learned to talk to humans using BASIC.I was brought into peoples homes in the 1970s.Without this，my family and I 8_(not，use)by billions of people 9_(
14、deal)with information and communicate with each other around the world by the Internet.I love 10_(use)to connect people who arent close enough to speak to each other.I have truly been built to serve the human race since my birth.1解析：这里表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件。答案：had not got 2in3.couldnt4.would remain5解析：解释同上。答案：had not given6解析：过去分词短语作后置定语。答案:connected 7with8解析：这里用了虚拟语气。答案：would not have been used9解析：不定式作目的状语。答案：to deal10being used祝您
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