1、高中英语选修（模块）6-1.4虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(I)GRAMMER 语法10/29/20254 陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4 祈使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一.语气的分类4 虚拟语气If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library thi
2、s afternoon.条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句 两种。a.真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。10/29/2025二.if 虚拟条件句的概念由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作if虚拟条件句I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.其他虚拟条件句Without your help,I couldnt have finished my work on time.三.if Sentence Structure if 虚拟条件句的结构a.表
3、示与现在事实相反 的假设b.表示与过去事实相反 的假设c.表示与将来事实相反 的假设1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。虚拟语气If I were a boy,I would join the army.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I wouldIf I won the lottery,I would buy an expe
4、nsive car.If I had a lot of moneyI would buy a villa.If I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.If it were fine now,I would go shopping.a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happ
5、enPRACTICE 1:Fill in the blanks.c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room,it _(be)very dangerous.d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould ask2.与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had过去分词,构成If I(we,you,he,they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might have 动词过去分词。If he
6、_ more carefully,he_ the car accident yesterday.had drivenwould not have hadIf I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.had learntwould not have beena.If Tom _(be)more careful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.b.If you _(get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwou
7、ld have caughtPRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks.c.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _(go)to the concert together.had metwould have gone3.与将来事实相反从句的谓语用If I(we,you,he,they)动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might 动词原形。If he got up early,he would be on time.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？If h
8、e were to come,what should we say to him.假如他看见我,就会认识我。If he should see me,he would know me.a.If there _(be)no natural resource any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.b.What _(happen)if you _(get up)too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3:Fill in the blanksc.If Robo
9、ts _(control)the world some day,here _(be)no friendship.were to controlwould be主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反If you had asked him yesterday,youwould know what to do now.If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语
10、形式现在 过去时(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去 过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来1.过去时2.should+V.3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原)二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进
11、行式(be动词一般用were)。I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。The party was terrible,I wish I had never gone to it.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would动词原形”。注意:主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实
12、现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.as if/as though由as if(as though)或even though(even though)引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had过去分词”。He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know wheth
13、er he owns it or not.)She talks about Rome as though shehad been there himself.他那样对待我,好像我式陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Even if she were here,she could not solve the problem.关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析11关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析22关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析33关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析44
14、关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析55句型练习(用If I were you句型翻译下列句子)1.我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework关于陈述语气关于陈述语气 11What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气关于陈述语气 22关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 11关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 22关于关于祈祈使语气使语气 33关于祈使语气关
15、于祈使语气 44真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思。时态关系句型:条件从句 主句一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形If he comes,he will bring his violin.The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rainB.rains C.rained D.is rained答案B 真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意：1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall,will.2)(错)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.(对)If you leave now,you will never regret it.2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
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