1、Periods 5&6 Learning about language（The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive clause）【学习目标】1、掌握限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；2、掌握as引导的非限制性定语从句；3、掌握介词which/whom引导的定语从句 一【自主预习】I. 限制性定语从句 & 非限制性定语从句定语从句根据其与先行词的关系，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，二者分别见下表。分类意义结构特征关系词功能翻译策略限制性定语从句用来修饰/限定先行词，去掉后句意不完整主从句之间无逗号，从句紧随先行词之后没有限制修
2、饰先行词合译非限制性定语从句补充说明意义独立，去掉后主句可表达完整意义主从句间有逗号不能用that引导修饰先行词或整个句子分译II. as引导的定语从句1. 研读思考（1）The boy is often sleepy in class，which makes the teachers surprised.（2）Ben Laden was killed, as is known to the world. = As is known to the world, Ben Laden was killed.（3）As is reported, Ben Laden was killed.观察上面一组
3、例句可知：1句由_引导的 _ 定语从句，其中 which 指代_ .2句由_ 引导的 _定语从句，as指代_ .3句由 引导的 _ 定语从句，as指代_ .2. 注意！（1）as 引导非限定性定语从句时，常代替整个主语的内容，位置较灵活，可位于主语前或后，也可插在主语中间，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，常翻译为“正如.”。常见的as结构有：as everybody knows; as we all know; as is known to everybody; as is known to all; as we can see; as you may remember ; as sb. said
4、; as sb. put it; as is mentioned above; as is reported; as is expected; as is often the case （2）写出下面句子中as的语法成分 He married her, as was natural. _ She has been absent again, as often happens. _ He is an old kind farmer, as anybody can see. _ Einstein, as we all know, is a famous scientist. _（3）as和whic
5、h引导非限制性定语从句的区别:a. as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的部分。b. as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前，之中和之后，而which 引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。c. as 引导从句时常译为“正如”， 而which 常译为“这；那；这一点。”III. 介词which/whom 引导的定语从句 研读思考1. Frederick William I，to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it.来源:.Com2. The g
6、irl with whom you talked at the meeting is a college student.3. He is a learned man with whom we are familiar.4. This is the book on which I spent $8.5. This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.【总结1】1,2,3句是由介词_ 引导的定语从句，其中whom 在句中均指代_。4,5句由介词_引导的定语从句中，其中 which 在句中指代_。介词关系代词引导的定语从句中，指代事物只能用_, 指代人
7、只能用_。【总结2】从句中介词的选取，主要从以下几方面来判断：(1)介词与先行词构成搭配如何 4,5 句：spend $8 _ the book（which）； wrote the letter _ the pen（which）；(2)介词和从句中的形容词或动词构成固定搭配 如句: the amber room belonged _ Frederick William I （whom）, you talked _ the girl（whom）at the meeting ，we are familiar_ the man （whom）.二【合作探究】 1. He gave us another
8、 piece of advice, _ is valuable to the research work. (think) 他给我们提了一条建议，我认为对研究工作有价值。2. Actually, the people who give us the hardest time in life are those from _the most. (learn) 事实上，那些我们从他们那学得最多的人是让我们在生活中感到最痛苦的人。3. There was a time when I was an idealistic dreamer, one _ everything. (believe) 曾经，我
9、是一个理想主义者，是一个相信一切的人。4. In his village, he was the first one of the students _ a key university. (admit) 他是村里第一个被重点大学录取的人。5. The Nobel Prize in literature is always considered as the highest award _. (receive) 诺贝尔文学奖被认为是一个作家所能获得的最高奖项。6. My mother was so proud of all _ that she rewarded me with a trip
10、to Beijing. (do) 我妈妈对我所做的一切感到自豪以至于她奖赏我去北京旅游一趟。7. Yesterday we went to visit the farm _ for nearly ten years. (work) 昨天我们参观了我的父亲在那里工作了近十年的农场。8. The reason _ attend the meeting was that they didnt give him an invitation earlier. (refuse) 他拒绝出席会议的原因是他们没有提前邀请他。9. Mr King, _, was quickly sent to the hospital. (injure)金先生被立即送往了医院，他的左腿受伤了。10. _, the number of students in senior high school is increasing. (mention) 正如上面所提到的一样，中学生的数量在上升。