1、第四学时Grammar主语从句1一个主谓结构在句中充当主语时，叫作主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有：引导词词性在从句中的成分thatwhether连词在从句中不作成分what who which连接代词主语 宾语when where how why连接副词状语whatever whoever whichever复合代词主语 宾语whenever however wherever复合副词状语例句：(1)That she survived the accident is a miracle.事故后，她能生还，是一个奇迹。(2)Who will be sent to the front has no
2、t been decided yet.谁将被派往前线，还没决定。(3)Whether we ll go outing depends on the weather.我们是否出去郊游，那得看天气情况而定。(4)What you need is more practice.你所需要的是更多的训练。(5)Whatever we do is to serve the people.我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。(6)That light travels in straight lines is known to all.It is known to all that light travels in
3、straight lines.众所周知,光沿直线传播。(7)When the plane is to take off has not been announced.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。(8)Has it been settled who will be sent to carry out the task?谁将被派去执行这项任务决定了吗?(带主语从句的句子是疑问句，要用形式主语。)(9)It is a mystery to me how it all happened.这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。(10)It is common knowledge that the whale is no
4、t a fish.鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。注意：1.主语从句中必须是陈述句的语序。What you are going to do is your own business.你打算做什么是你自己的事。2.that是连词，在从句中不作成分，但也不可省略。That they were sisters surprised everybody.她们是亲姐妹让每个人都很惊讶。3.为了保持整个句子的平衡，如果主语从句太长，谓语太短，有时候可以考虑用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(主语从句)放在后面；但如果想强调主语从句，我们可以不考虑句子平衡，而把主语从句放在句首。It s not known wheth
5、er we will go abroad for study.我们是否要出国留学还不知道。4.在疑问句和感叹句中，必须用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(主语从句)放在后面。Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the headmaster?他会被校长严厉处罚是真的吗？Does it make any difference who bought these gifts?谁买了这些礼物有什么不同吗？How strange it is that these children are so quiet!真奇怪，这些孩子们那么安静！典例剖析1
6、.（2012浙江卷）We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.whenC.to whom D.on which解析：when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）.此处的when=at which。答案：B2How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.Awhat Bw
7、hoChow Dwhy解析：考查介词后的宾语从句。根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives 可知应是和谁去，故选 B。句意为“一个人旅游有多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲人”。答案：B3_she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;whatC.What;because D.Why;that解析：主语从句缺少宾语，故选what;根据句意“她所不能明白的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的
8、课感兴趣。”所以，表语从句须由why引导而不能由because引导。答案：A4Before the sales start,I make a list of_ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.whatC.how D.which解析：考查宾语从句。句意“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单”。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。答案：B5As a new graduate,he doesnt kn
9、ow_ it takes to start a business here.A.how B.whatC.When D.which解析：考查名词性从句。句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。答案：B一、单项选择1（2012安徽卷）The limits of a persons intelligengce,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but_he reaches these limits will depengd on his environm
10、ent.A.where B.whether C.that D.why 答案：B解析：句意：很多学生在英语角一起练习说英语。A number of 很多，大量，后接可数名词。practise doing sth“练习做”。答案：D2._ students are practising _ English with each other at the English corner.A.The number of;to speakB.A great deal of;spokenC.A great number of;speakD.A number of;speaking3.Has your fath
11、er returned from America?Yes,but it will be two weeks_ his company sends him to Australia.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when解析：句意：两周后公司将派他到澳大利亚。考查句型It is+时间+before从句。答案：C4.If you dont follow his advice,Im sure youll regret _.A.on time B.in timeC.at a time D.at times解析：in time此处意为“迟早”。on time准时，at atime一次；同
12、时，at times 有时；偶尔。答案：B5.When she heard the news that her son died,she_.and burst into tears.A.broke out B.broke upC.broke down D.broke through解析：Break out(战争、疾病、火灾等的突然）爆发，break up“分解，分手，分开”。break down“抛锚，坏掉，垮掉”；break through“突围”。结合句意选。答案：C6_they will stay this night has not been clear.It is 8 oclock
13、pm.now.AWhenBHowCThat DWhere解析：前句句意：他们还没有定下今晚住在哪里。故从句中缺地点状语。答案：D7_the Chinese team got 51 gold medals in the 29th Olympics_ all Chinese people.AWhat；excited BThat；excitedCWhat；exciting DThat；exciting解析：that引导主语从句，excited为过去式形式，“使激动，使兴奋”，在句中作谓语。答案：B8_we can pass the coming examination will mainly dep
14、end on_ we learn and _we learn it.AWhether；what；how BThat；whether；whyCIf；how；that DWhy；that；how解析：whether引导主语从句，表示不确定的语气，what和how 引导宾语从句。答案：A9You know，in some countries，_are called“public schools”are not owned by the public.Awhich Bas Cwhat Dthat解析：考查连词。此处选择what引导主语从句，相当于the schools which/that。答案：C1
15、0It worried her a bit_ her hair was turning grey.Awhile Bthat Cif Dwhat解析：it为形式主语，真正的主语从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导主语从句，且不可省略。答案：B二、用合适的连接词填空1Our income is now double _it was ten years ago.2The young girl was too frightened to speak,standing there for _seemed like hours.3In 1492，Columbus reached_ is now call
16、ed America.4You said you had never been helped.Thats_ I disagree.1what2.what3.what 4where5._will be sent abroad hasnt been decided.6._wants to come will be welcomed.7.We hope,on the contrary,_he will stay at home with us.8What did he hear?_ Kate had passed the exam.9He has no special fault except_ h
17、e smokes too much.10Can you work out _we will spend during the trip?5.Who6.Whoever 7that 8.That9.that10how much三、根据汉语提示完成句子1._(我们下次开会的时间和地点)has not been decided yet.2._(这几年你在哪里)is unknown to us all.3It doesnt matter_(明天是晴天还是阴天)4_(玛丽告诉她的)is just what Alice is going to ask.5_(为什么这么多人喜欢踢足球)is obvious t
18、o us.6I feel_ a pity _I havent been to the gettogether.(我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾)7The teacher advised us_(我们不要浪费时间).8The new book is about _(神舟 6 号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的)into space.9He made clear his desire_(他要努力学习考上大学)10The thought came to her that maybe_(可能没有把门关上)when she left home.1When and where we will have the ne
19、xt meeting2Where you have been these years3whether it is fine or cloudy tomorrow4What Mary has told her5Why so many people like playing football6it;that7that we(should)not waste our time8how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up9that he should work hard to go to college10she had left the door open
20、四、语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性质和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。On Wednesday morning at eleven o clock,I was walking down Main Street.I had just parked my car.Suddenly I heard two shots.I thought they 1._(come)from the bank.I ran toward the bank.I saw a man 2._(come)out.He was short and fat 3._ a big
21、moustache.More 4._(importance)，he had a bag of money and a gun in his hands!5._ I could do anything,he ran up the street 6._ disappeared behind a bus.That afternoon I went to the movies.7._ happened？I saw the thief again at the foot of the stairs!I telephoned the police from a telephone next to the
22、rest rooms.The police arrived in 8._ than five minutes.They arrested the thief just as he 9._(buy)a chocolate bar from the candy machine.What an exciting day!And best of all,the bank gave me 10._100 reward.1解析：考查动词的过去完成时态，表示枪声在我想/认为之前发生。答案：had come2解析：考查动词短语see somebody doing sth.的结构。答案：coming3解析：介词，“有，具有”。答案：with4解析：more importantly表示“更重要的是”。答案：importantly 5解析：时间状语从句，表示“在之前”。答案：Before6解析：连接ran up.和disappeared 两个动作，表并列关系。答案：and7解析：What happened？是固定句型，表示惊讶。答案：What8解析：表示“不到五分钟”。答案：1ess 9解析：过去进行时态，小偷当时正在买巧克力时，警察逮捕了他。答案：was buying10解析：一份奖品。答案：a
