1、Section Unit 1语法讲座写作讲座知识必备专题练习佳作观摩技法指导专题练习虚拟语气()一、虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。If I were a bird,I could fly in the air.如果我是一只鸟，我就能在空中飞行。二、虚拟语气的运用1虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：假设情况条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could
2、动词原形假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与将来事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)should动词原形were to动词原形would/should/might/could动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时(had过去分词)would/should/might/couldhave过去分词备注：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，将在第二单元中细讲，此处只列出(1)与现在事实相反If I were you,I would tell him the good news.要是我是你，我就会告诉他这个好消息。If we had time now,we should read it again.要
3、是现在有空，我们就把它再看一遍。(2)与将来事实相反If it should rain,the crops would be saved.如果下雨的话，庄稼就有救了。If I shouldnt take the exam tomorrow,I would go to the picnic with you.要是明天不参加考试的话，我就会和你一起去野餐。点津虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时，可把if省略，把were,had,should放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。Should it happen(If it should happen),what would
4、you do?如果真发生这样的事，你怎么办呢？11 Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy _.Awould have been savedBhad been savedCwill be saved Dwas saved解析：选。考查虚拟语气。从前面had I known about.知，此处是if条件句对过去情况的虚拟，所以主句用should/would/could/mighthave done结构，故排除B、C、D项，选A项。考题印证1A12 This printer is of go
5、od quality.Ifit_break down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.Awould BshouldCcould Dmight解析：选。考查虚拟语气。句意：这种打印机质量优良。如果它在第一年中出了毛病，我们将无偿维修。这是在条件句中对将来情况的虚拟，用“should动词原形”。B2宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。主句用法从句谓语动词的形式主语wish表示现在不能实现的愿望用一般过去时(be通常用were)表示过去不能实现的愿望had过去分词表示将来不能实
6、现的愿望would(could)动词原形I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我能知道发生什么事。He wishes he could become a scientist some day.他希望将来的某一天能成为科学家。Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they_ always late.Awerent Bhadnt beenCwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been解析：选。考查虚拟语气。根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪里
7、？”可知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，故答案为A。考题印证2A(2)在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”表示虚拟，should可以省略。这类动词，我们可以使用下面的口诀记忆。一坚持(insist)二命令(order,command)三建议(suggest,propose,advise)四要求(require,request,desire,demand)I suggest that we(should)practise speaking English every day.我建议我们应该每天都练习讲英语。He ins
8、isted that he(should)be sent there.他坚持应该被派去那里。点津当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”，suggest表示“表明；暗示”时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.他坚持说他没有做错。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。31 Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to r
9、ide bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow解析：选。考查虚拟语气。recommend后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气，其结构为“(should)动词原形”，这里省略了should，故A正确。考题印证3A32 The doctor recommended that you_swim after eating a large meal.Awouldnt BcouldntCneednt Dshouldnt解析：选。考查虚拟语气。recommend，suggest，demand等词
10、后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用shoulddo，should可以省略。故选D项。D(3)在would rather句型中的虚拟语气。在would rather后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气。表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。其形式为：would rather主语动词过去式表示现在或将来的情况would rather主语had动词过去分词表示过去的情况I would rather you did not go tomorrow.我宁愿你明天不去。I would rather she hadnt done that.我宁愿她没那样做。George is going to talk
11、about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _ more on its culture.Afocus BfocusedCwould focus Dhad focused解析：选。考查虚拟语气。would rather后的从句中谓语动词用过去式表示对现在或将来事实的虚拟。考题印证4B点此进入建 议 信为了迎接即将到来的期末考试，你校要取消所有的体育课。请你以学生王丽的身份给校长写一封信，建议不要取消体育课。Dear Headmaster，Im writing to express my views concerning our scho
12、ols decision that all physical education should be cancelled.I know the final exams are coming and we should do all we can to prepare for them.Our school,in order to make students do well in the exams,has decided to cancel all physical education.Maybe its a good idea,but I think it would be better t
13、o have PE classes.There are many reasons for this.Firstly,physical education is a necessary part of education.Secondly,PE can make students healthy and give them more energy to review lessons.Thirdly,PE can enrich school life and increase studentsinterest in study.Lastly,students need a way to relax
14、 themselves in order to increase their efficiency of study.In a word,PE greatly benefits students in many ways.So I would appreciate it if you would consider my suggestion and think about letting us have PE classes.Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Wang Li第一段：表明写信意图。第二段：阐明自己的观点，提出建议并说明理由
15、。第三段：再次重审自己的建议，并诚恳希望对方接受。第四段：希望尽快给予答复。亮点一：文章观点鲜明，语气柔和，逻辑清晰，论证合理。亮点二：firstly,secondly,thirdly,lastly,in a word,so等连接词的使用，使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。亮点三：语法结构和词汇选用恰当、丰富。如：句中that引导同位语从句，句中we can是省略关系词的定语从句，句中运用了高级句型“I would appreciate it if you.”表达了作者的诚恳态度。一般而言，建议信属于半开放性作文，大多要求我们根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理建议。写作时要注意：1建议信
16、的语言(1)建议信就是在你所写的信中发表你的建议与看法。建议信除要遵循书信的格式之外，还要求在信中针对别人的问题，给出你的观点及解决办法。因此，陈述建议的语言必须中肯，在劝说对方接受自己的建议时，应该特别注意措辞。(2)陈述建议必须具有说服性：在向对方表明你的建议时，如果对方觉得你的建议是违背常理的，那么你的建议也就失去了意义。所以，要想提出好建议，必须具有充分的理由，展示出自己独特的见解。(3)此外，要“设身处地”，可适当运用虚拟句“if I were you.”表述自己的建议。2建议信的结构建议信一般采取“三段式结构”，通常以firstly,secondly,thirdly或to begi
17、n with,then,later等依次陈述建议。(1)首段：表明写作意图，陈述事由，简单介绍自己的观点，注意语气。(2)主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。(3)结尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，要注意表达方式，使对方容易接受。黄金表达1建议信的开头常用句式I am writing to express my views concerning.You have asked me for my advice on.and I will try to make some suggestions.Thanks for trusting me.Reg
18、arding.,Id like to make some suggestions.2表达建议的常用句式I feel that it would be beneficial if.I would like to suggest that.I would recommend that.If I were you,I would.You may consider doing.It would seem to me that you could.As you may agree that.As far as I am concerned./In my opinion./As for me.3建议信的结
19、尾常用句式I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendations practical/useful/helpful.I would be ready to discuss this matter in further details.I will be more than happy to see improvements in this matter.Should you have any more problems,please feel free to contact me at any time.Im willing to discuss this matter with you whenever you need.点此进入
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