1、主谓一致上一页一、主谓一致的概念“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致。一致关系必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。My brother has eggs and bread for breakfast.我哥哥早餐吃鸡蛋和面包。上一页2.意义一致(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。My family are having supper now.我们一家人现在正吃晚饭。(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。Politic
2、s is taught in all middle schools.所有的中学里都教授政治学科。3.就近一致谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅这位老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。二、主谓一致考点1.单复数同形的名词作主语时如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。此类名词有：means,sheep,fish,deer,works等。Every possible means has been tried.每种可
3、能的办法都试过了。All possible means have been tried.所有可能的办法都试过了。上一页2.集体名词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)有些集合名词如：crowd,family,team,orchestra(管弦乐队),group,club,population,enemy,government,class,school,union,firm,staff,public等，它们作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。Nowadays almost every family in the village owns a te
4、levision.如今村上几乎每家都有电视机。My family are going on a trip this summer.我们全家今年夏天要进行一次旅行。上一页(2)有些集体名词如：cattle,folk,people,police,youth等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。There are many people in the meeting room.会议室有很多人。The police are searching for a tall man with a beard.警察正在搜查一个高个子长着小胡子的人。上一页3当表示度量、距离、金额、时间等的复数名词，以及书刊名、专有
5、名词等名词复数作主语时谓语动词的形式根据意义一致的原则，通常把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Three years has passed.三年已经过去了。Thirty dollars is too expensive for this dictionary.这本词典30美元太贵了。The New York Times sells well in the USA.纽约时报在美国卖得很好。上一页4.代词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)由不定代词each,every,no等修饰的名词即使用and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。Every man has his fault
6、.每个人都有缺点。Each man and woman has the same rights.男女每个人都是平等的。(2)如果主语由more than one.或many a.构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。More than one student has seen the film.不止一个学生看过那部电影。Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。上一页(3)both，(a)few,many,several等限定词修饰主语时，谓语要用复数形式。Both(of)these films are boring.这两部电影都没意
7、思。Several foreigners are looking at a map.几个外国人正在看一张地图。(4)以代词each,every one,no one,either,neither,another,the other作主语，以及由复合代词some(any,no,every)thing(body,one)等作主语时，谓语动词均用单数形式。Each of the twenty guests was given a present.给20位客人每人赠送一份礼品。上一页(5)关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。Those w
8、ho want to go please sign your name here.想去的人请把名字签在这里。上一页5.表示不定数量的短语作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)a(great)number of,many,a few修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；a little,much,a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of other plants were found in America,for example,beans,potatoes,and different fruits.在美国发现了许多
9、其他种类的植物，如豆类、马铃薯以及各种各样的水果。上一页(2)(a large)quantities of可修饰可数名词复数及不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.冷却需要大量的水。(3)a series of,a kind of,a pair of的后面接复数名词，作主语时谓语用单数形式。There has been a whole series of accidents on this st
10、retch of road recently.最近在这一段路上发生了一连串事故。上一页(4)the number of可数名词，the amount of不可数名词，the quantity of可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。As a result,the number of the people who travel by plane in china is larger than ever before.结果，在中国乘飞机旅游的人数比以前大大增加。上一页6“分数或百分数of名词”构成的短语或由“a lot of,lots of,half of,plenty
11、 of,a(large)quantity of,the rest of,the remainder of可数或不可数名词”构成的短语作主语时谓语的形式是用单数还是复数取决于它们表示的意义。试比较：Half of the students have read the novel.一半学生读过这本小说。Half of the food is unfit to eat.一半的食物不能吃了。上一页7.名词化的形容词作主语“the形容词(或过去分词)”结构充当主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物时，谓语用复数；如表示一类不可数的事物，或少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。The rich are f
12、or the plan,but the poor are against it.富人赞成这项计划，但穷人反对这项计划。The new is sure to take place of the old.新事物肯定会战胜旧事物。上一页8.动名词短语、动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数Nodding the head means agreement,while shaking it means disagreement.点头意味着同意，摇头意味着不同意。To see is to believe.眼见为实。9.what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数形式根据从句所表达的意义来确定。Wh
13、ether he will come or not is uncertain.他来不来还不一定。What he says and does do not agree.他言行不一。上一页10.用连接词连接的名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的形式(1)由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语。用and或both.and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是孪生姐妹。上一页(2)当名词或代词后跟有with,as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,like,rather than,together with
14、,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,combined with等连接的部分作主语时，谓语动词一般和前一名词或代词的人称和数一致。John,rather than his roommates,is to blame.约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。The room with the furniture was rented yesterday.有家具的房间昨天租出去了。上一页(3)以or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 等连接的并列主语的谓语动词形式，通常依据就近原则，即人称和数的形式与最靠
15、近它的名词或代词保持一致。You or he is in the wrong.不是你错了，就是他错了。Not only the nurses but also the doctors is very kind to the patients.护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。上一页11“one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the only one of复数名词定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一。Mary is the only o
16、ne of those people who keeps pets.玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。上一页12.山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以s结尾的专有名词，谓语动词用复数。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.奥运会每四年举行一次。上一页13.在“therebe”句型中therebe之后的名词是句子的主语。主语是单数则谓语动词为is/was，主语是复数则谓语动词为are/were。如果句子的主语是两个以上的名词，又有单数和复数的区别，则采取就近一致原则，即邻近动词的名词是单数则动词用is/was，邻近动词的名词是复数则动词用are/were。There is a laser printer and a cordless telephone on the desk.桌子上有一台激光打印机和一部无绳电话。上一页详 见 Word 文 档上一页详 见 Word 文 档
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