1、专题三 代词(it的用法)英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。附表：代词类别例词例句人称代词主格I,we,you,he,she,it,they She teaches us English.宾格me,us,you,him,her,it,them Who is it?Its me.物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,their This is our classroom.His father is an engineer.名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its
2、,ours,yours,theirs.This is her coat.Mine is over there.Something has gone wrong with my bike.May I use yours?This book isnt mine;its Toms.Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves Tom taught himself Chinese.She loves
3、 me for myself,not for my money.She is not quite herself today.I myself can repair the bike.The table itself has only three legs.指示代词this,that,these,thoseThere is this seat here,near me,or there is that one in the fourth row.Which will you have,this or that？The weather of Zhanjiang is better than th
4、at of my hometown.TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here.Hello,this is Jack.Who is that speaking?相互代词each other,one another We began to know each other gradually.疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose To whom did you speak on the campus?Which city do you like,Beijing or Shanghai?关系代词that,whi
5、ch,who,whom,whose,asThis is the pencil whose point is broken.Ive never seen such a book as you spoke of.不定代词some,any,one,either,neither,all,none,each,somebody,no one,nothing,something,anything,everything,everybodyI agree with most of what you said,but I dont agree with everything.Alan sold most of h
6、is belongings.He has hardly anything left in the house.【考点一】考查another,other,others,the other与the others的辨析another,other,others,the other与the others用法如下表：不定代词用法说明用法举例another another常用来指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”。I dont like this coat.Show me another,please.other 只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,
7、each,every,no,one及my,your,his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。There are other ways to do this exercise.Do you have any other question(s)?不定代词用法说明用法举例others 是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语。Some of us like singing and dancing,others go in for sports.the other 常与one连用，构成：one.the other.。表示“全部其余的一个或几个”。He has two daughter
8、s.One is a nurse,the other is a worker.the others 特指其余的人或物。Two boys will go to the zoo,and the others will stay at home.【即学即练】单项填空If you want to change for a double room,youll have to pay _$15.A.another B.other C.more D.each 解析：选A。句意为：如果你想换一间双人房间，你得再付15美元。“another+数词+复数可数名词”表示在原有基础上多出的数量。other,more也
9、有“再、又”之意，但位置与another不同，应使用“数词+more/other+复数可数名词”结构。【考点二】考查some，any，(a)little，(a)few的用法（1）some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句。注意下列特殊情况：some后接单数可数名词，意为“某一”时，相当于“a certain+单数可数名词”。在表示请求或邀请的句子中，当期望对方给予一个肯定的答复时，通常用some,不用any。在肯定句中表示“任何，无论哪一个”，后接可数名词单数形式时，通常用any，不用some。Any book will do-I just want something to read
10、on the train.用于肯定的条件句中，意为“什么，一个(些)”。He asked me if I had any books in my desk.if any是固定词组，意为“若有的话”。（2）few和little可用作代词和形容词。few和a few可以修饰或代替可数名词复数。few有否定含义,a few有肯定含义,little和a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词。little有否定含义,a little含肯定含义。Can we do our work better with less money and few people?【考点三】考查复合不定代词some,any,ev
11、ery,no常与one,body,thing构成复合不定代词。这类不定代词有：something(某事，重要的人或事物),anything(什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物),nothing(没有东西，什么也没有，不重要的人或事)，everything(一切事，最重要的事)，someone=somebody(某/有人，重要的人)，everyone=everybody(每个人，所有人)，anyone=anybody(任何人，无论谁，重要的人)等。something,anything,nothing和everything指物，它们在句中作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。somebody,anybody
12、,nobody和everybody用以指人。它们还与别的词构成很多习语，如：for nothing(徒劳，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，anything but(根本不，一点也不，绝非)，all but(几乎，差不多)，everything but(除了之外所有的)。nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定。不定代词后跟else时，表示“另外的，其他的”；形容词修饰something/anything/nothing时，应置于不定代词之后。【考点四】考查both，either，neither，all，any，none的辨析both,either,neither,
13、all,any,none用法见下表：代词意义用法说明用法举例both 两者都表示肯定含义，可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。Both of us are fond of music.Ill take both of the books with me.Juan and Adams both agreed to cooperate.either 两者中的任何一个表示肯定意义，强调个体，可作主语、宾语和定语。If you keep still,you can sit on either end of the boat.neither两者都不表示两者否定，可作主语、宾语和定语。Neither of th
14、ese words is correct.all 全部(三者或三者以上)表示全部肯定，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。We are all here.We all go to bed at 10 oclock.All(the)girls are out.any三者或三者以上的任何一个用法见【考点二】When shall we meet again?Any time you like.none 三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定表示全部否定，在与of连用或回答how many/much的提问时只能用none。None of these three words are(is)correct.Ho
15、w many sheep did you see on the hill?None.【考点五】考查替代词it(them),one(ones),that(those)的用法替代词可数与否泛指与特指代替什么定语位置one(ones)可数泛指代替名词前置定语、后置定语that(those)可数/不可数特指代替名词后置定语it(them)可数/不可数特指人，物，事无定语Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present,one(=a present)that I have never seen.Mr.Zhang gave me many valuable presents
16、,ones(=many presents)that I have never seen.The book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk.The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.【即学即练】单项填空The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.(2008宁夏)A.which B.what
17、 C.that D.the one解析：选C。句意为：在美国说的英语与在英国说的英语略有一点不同。为了避免重复，要用替代词代替前面出现的同一事情，但此处English为抽象名词，也是不可数名词，要用that,而不用the one。the one代替可数名词时，可与that互换。【考点六】考查it的用法用法说明用法举例指时间、距离、天气、环境等。Its too late to go there now.Its getting colder and colder now.Its about ten minutes-walk from my home to the school.It was ver
18、y quiet at the moment.用来代替指示代词this或that以及复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等。Whose jacket is that?It is hers.Nothing is wrong,is it?指代前面提到的不明身份的人、物或事。I dropped my watch and it broke.There is a knock on the door.It must be the postman.Our team won the football match.Have you heard about it?指性别不明的婴儿或用于确
19、认某人的身份。The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother.常与表示“爱、恨”等心理活动的动词连用，it后常接时间或条件状语从句。I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.I like it in autumn when the weather is clear and bright.谈话双方心里都明白的人或情况。I didnt recognize it was you.How is i
20、t(=your life,work)going?Very well.it用作形式主语、形式宾语It is quite certain that he will be at the meeting.I find it strange that she doesnt want to go.Its no use saying any more about it.It is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free.It is suggested that the sports meeting(should)be
21、 put off until next week.It is a pity(that)you missed the sports meeting last week 用法说明用法举例It句型Its time for sth.Its time to do sth.Its time for sb.to do sth.Its(about/high)time+that-从句(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”)Its time for supper.Its time to get up.Its time to do our work.Its time that we should g
22、o/went to bed.It is/was first(second)time+that-从句It is/has been+时间段+since-从句It was/will be+时间段+before-从句It is the first time that Mr.Smith has visited China.It was the first time that Mr.Smith had visited China.It is/has been three years since he finished the work.It was three years before he finish
23、ed the work.It will be three years before he finishes the work.Itbe被强调部分thatwho其他It was Karl thatwho bought Mary a bicycle on her birthday.It was Mary that Karl bought a bicycle for on her birthday.It was a bicycle that Karl bought Mary on her birthday.It was on her birthday that Karl bought Mary a
24、bicycle.【难点】辨析none，nobody，no one，nothing用nobody,no one,nothing，none完成下列句子Whats in the box?_.Who is in the classroom?_.How many people are there in the park?_.【解析】nobody,no one,nothing和none常用作简略答语，一般情况下，nothing回答what问句；nobody和no one回答who问句；none回答how many或how much问句。所以题填Nothing；题填Nobody或 No one；题填None
25、。注意：none 后面可加of引导的介词短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing;someone/anyone/everyone/no one 却不能。1.When you introduce me to Mr.Johnson,could you please say _ for me?(2010福建)A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing解析：选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：当你向约翰逊先生引荐我的时候，请为我说些好话，好吗？something表示“某事，某物”。everything表示“任何事物
26、，一切”；anything表示“任何事物”；nothing表示“没有什么”，都不合句意。2.If our parents do everything for us children,we wont learn to depend on_.(2010上海)A.themselves B.them C.us D.ourselves解析：选D。考查反身代词的用法。depend on oneself意为“自力更生”。主语为we，因此应为ourselves。3.You are a team star!Working with _ is really your cup of tea.(2010安徽)A.bo
27、th B.either C.others D.the other解析：选C。考查代词的用法。句意为：你是一个有团队精神的人！与别人合作对你来说太容易了。others其他人；the other两个中的另一个；both两个都；either（两者之中）任一的。A、B、D三项均不符合句意。4.Helping others is a habit,_ you can learn even at an early age.(2010山东)A.it B.that C.what D.one解析：选D。考查代词的用法。句意为：帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。句中“you can learn ev
28、en at an early age”是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn的宾语。空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系，one用来代替前面出现的泛指的单数名词a habit，避免重复。5._ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.(2010天津)A.Anything B.Nothing C.Everything D.Something解析：选B。考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为：没有什么能像第一次参观故宫博物院一样给我留下如此深刻的印象。从题中so.as
29、.搭配来看，空白处需要否定词，而A、C、D三项均表示肯定意义。6.The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.(2010陕西)A.that B.this C.it D.one 解析：选A。考查代词的用法。句意为：西安市中心的房租比这个城市其他地段的房租都贵。所填词用于比较状语从句中，指代句子的主语the cost，即指代不可数名词，用that。7.On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I wa
30、s a baby.(2010四川)A.him B.his C.me D.mine解析：选C。考查代词的用法。句意为：我桌上有一张我父亲在我小时给我拍的照片。take a photo of sb.意为“给某人照相”，此处应用人称代词的宾格。8.Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010全国)A.others B.the other C.another D.one other 解析：选B。考查不定代词的用法。neither含有“两者都不”之意，一方对应另一方，应用
31、the other指“两者中的另一个”。9.He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.(2010重庆)A.neither B.either C.each D.all解析：选B。考查代词的用法。句意为：在战争年代他脾性大变，身体也垮了，并且再也没有恢复过来。由“his temper and health”可以排除C项和D项，由后面的never表示否定，可知，选either。never either是全部否定，相当于neither。10.Swimming is my favori
32、te sport.There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.(2010江西)A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything解析：选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：游泳是我最喜欢的运动。作为保持健康的一种方式，没有什么比游泳更好的了。“there is nothing like.”意思是“没有比更好的”。11._ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.(2010浙江)A
33、.One B.All C.Everything D.Anything解析：选B。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。分析四个选项的意思，all后加that引导的定语从句，符合语境。12.The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.(2010全国)A.this B.that C.one D.it 解析：选D。考查代词it的用法。句意为：医生认为度假对你有好处。代词it用作形式主语，代替后面真正的主语“to have a holiday”。this,that,one都不可用作形式主语。1
34、3.The fact that she was foreign made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country.(2010辽宁)A so B.much C.that D.it解析：选D。考查代词it的用法。句意为：她是外国人这一事实使她在那个国家中很难找到一份工作。句中for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构作made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此处要用it作形式宾语。so,much和that均不能作形式宾语。14.His advertisement income th
35、is year is about$36 million,over threes times _ of last year.(2010山东省济南市高三第一次模拟考试)A.that B.what C.those D.ones解析：选A。考查代词的用法。that替代前面的不可数名词advertisement income，其他选项均无此用法。15.This young man is very clever;he may be _ Edison.(2010潍坊市3月高考模拟考试)A.the one B.the other C.another D.one解析：选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：这年轻人非
36、常聪明；他可能成为又一个爱迪生。another表示“又一，再一”。the one这个，表特指；the other表示“(两者中)另外一个”；one一个，表泛指。16.How do you usually keep in touch with your friends,by email or letter?_.I use telephone only.(2010福建省普通高中毕业班质量检查)A.None B.Neither C.Any D.Either解析：选B。考查不定代词的用法。分析句子可知，问句是选择疑问句，并且是在两者中进行选择。根据应答的后一分句可知，两者都不选。17.When I m
37、oved to a new community,I found it different from _ I had stayed in before.(2010合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)A.one B.that C.it D.the one解析：选D。考查代词的用法。句意为：当搬到新社区时，我发现它与我原来待的那个社区不一样。空白处后有一个去掉关系代词that的定语从句，故选择the one。18.Barack Obamas victory is a historic victory and _ that promised change and overcame centuries of
38、prejudice.(2010临沂质检)A.one B.it C.the one D.that解析：选A。考查代词用法。代词“one”替代同类可数名词，作“a historical victory”的同位语。one后跟了由that引导的定语从句。19.The old man was the only person that died in the car crash._ else was rescued.(2010安徽合肥质检)A.Everyone B.Anyone C.Someone D.None解析：选A。考查代词的辨析。句意为：只有一位老人死于那次汽车碰撞事故中，其他人都被救了。ever
39、yone else其他人，其他所有的人；everyone每个人，人人；anyone任何人；someone有人，某人；none一个也没有。20.Could you please buy me an MP4 as well as a digital camera,Mum?You can choose_,not both,my dear.(2010福建毕业班质检)A.each B.any C.either D.none解析：选C。考查代词辨析。句意为：妈妈，你可以给我买一个MP4和一部数码照相机吗？宝贝儿，你只能选择一件，但不能两个全买。题干给出了两件东西(an MP4 as well as a digital camera)，故排除any和none；each表示“两个或两个以上中的每一个”，根据句意，也被排除；只有C项either表示“两者中之一”符合语境。
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