1、2012年高考英语复习突破课件：语法专题四 正反解读形容词、副词（新课标人教版）专题四 正反解读形容词、副词形容词与副词是高考考查的热点，高考英语中单项填空、完形填空、书面表达，任何一项题目中都有可能涉及形容词等级、辨析和在句中的位置。关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：在具体的语境中考查形容词词义辨析；考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。专题四 考点荟萃考点荟萃一、形容词、副词的主要功能1 形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随、原因等。如：W
2、e find the boy considerate.(宾补)He walked in the snow,cold and hungry.(伴随状语)Afraid of difficulties,they took the easy road.(原因状语)专题四 正面解读正面解读2 副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。如：He spoke English fairly fluently.(修饰性状语)Fortunately,none of them was hurt.(评注性状语)His first response was to say n
3、o.Later,however,he changed his mind.(连接性状语)注意：(1)形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。如：He walked home slowly.他慢慢地步行回家了。He arrived home,hungry and tired.他到家时又累又饿。专题四 正面解读(2)有些副词像fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally 等作评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。如：Surpris
4、ingly,no one in the class could work out the problem.Personally,I dont think he will interview you.(3)还有些副词起连接作用，使前后句构成某种逻辑上的衔接。常见的有：专题四 正面解读专题四 正面解读意义例词表示列举和顺序first(ly)，second(ly),then,next,finally,last 表示意义增补和引申also，besides，furthermore，moreover 表示意义等同equally,similarly 表示结果therefore,thus,consequent
5、ly 表示换个说法rather,alternatively 表示意义转折instead，though,yet,however 表示让步anyhow,anyway 表示时间过度meanwhile,meantime I am wrong.Similarly,you are to blame.我错了。同样地，你也该受到谴责。Seize the chance.Otherwise youll regret it.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。They are enjoying themselves.(Or)Rather,they appear to be enjoying themselves.他们正玩
6、得很开心，更精确地说，他们好像正玩得很开心。He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.他忘了打开收音机，因此错过了那个节目。It may snow,but anyhow I will go to town.可能下雪，但我无论如何要进城。专题四 正面解读He said he would come;he didnt,though.他说他要来，可是并没有来。Mother went shopping;meanwhile,I cleaned the house.母亲去买东西；我打扫屋子。二、形容词的位置1 形容词作定语通常前置，
7、但在下列情况后置：(1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。如：a language difficult to master,a leaning tower about 180 feet high专题四 正面解读(2)表语形容词(alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，定语后置。如：a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词，如：well，faint，ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill若作定语意为“bad”。(3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，any，some和every构成的复合词，如anything，something等时，通常后置。如：
8、I have something important to tell you.(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。2 多个形容词及限定词等修饰同一个名词的顺序：专题四 正面解读专题四 正面解读限定词数词形容词名词冠词前的形容词冠词、指示代词、名词所有格等序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状颜色国籍出版材料质地作用类别all both suchthea this another yourfirst nextone fourbeautiful good poorlarge short squarenew oldChinese easternsilk stonemedical writin
9、ga beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room口诀巧记：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。(1)The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her.Aincome all his Bhis all incomeChis income all Dall his income【解析】D 考查多个限定词的词序。all前位限定；his中位限定。专题四 正面解读(2)The _ house smells as if it has
10、nt been lived in for years.Alittle white wooden Blittle wooden whiteCwhite wooden little Dwooden white little【解析】A 考查多个形容词修饰同一中心词的词序：大小 颜色 材料。三、副词的分类英语里的副词分为9类：时间、地点、方式、频率、程度、连接、关系、疑问和句子副词。常见的有：专题四 正面解读1 时间副词常见的时间副词有now,then,soon,ago,recently,lately,later,finally,before,early,today,tomorrow,yesterda
11、y,tonight,suddenly,immediately，already,just 等。2 地点副词常见的地点副词有here,there,up,down,away,nearby,home,ahead,abroad,indoors,overseas,halfway,upstairs,downstairs 等。3 频率副词频率副词表示动作发生的次数，常见的有ever,never,rarely,seldom,once,often,occasionally,constantly,frequently,usually,continually,always 等。专题四 正面解读4 程度副词程度副词用于
12、表示程度，常见的有 fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,awfully,deeply,partly,perfectly,really 等。5 连接副词常见的连接副词有therefore,besides,otherwise,however,moreover，thus,meanwhile,when,why,where,how 等。专题四 正面解读6 句子副词句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如actually,certainly,clearly,def
13、initely,evidently,fortunately,frankly,honestly,luckily,obviously,perhaps,possibly,probably,surely,undoubtedly,unexpectedly 等。四、兼有两种形式的副词有些副词有两种形式，一种形式是在形容词后加ly，另一种形式同该形容词，即“形、副同形”，但其意义有很大差别，这类词主要有：1 不加ly表示具体概念，加ly表示抽象概念或用于比喻意义。专题四 正面解读high空间高度 The plane was flying high.highly高度地，非常地 I think highly o
14、f your opinion.注意短语：aim high 心怀大志，志向高远deep空间深度He pushed the stick deep into the mud.deeply深深地Even father was deeply moved by the film.注意搭配：deep into the night到深夜wide空间宽度He opened the door wide.widely广泛地，普遍地 English is widely used in the world.注意短语：be wide awake 完全清醒close 接近地，紧紧地He is sitting close t
15、o me.closely 仔细地，严密地 Watch him closely.专题四 正面解读2两种形式，词义差别较大late晚，迟 You have come too late.lately 最近What have you been doing lately(recently)？free免费You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.freely 自由地You may speak freely；say what you like.most 很，非常，最 He is most kind to me.mostly 主要地，大部分 She
16、 is mostly at home on Sundays.hard 努力地 Think harder.hardly 几乎不，简直不 I can hardly understand you.专题四 正面解读五、形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型1 asadj./adv.原级as not as/soadj./adv.原级as注意：当asas 中间有名词时采用以下格式。This is as good an example as the other is.This is an example as good as the other is.2 adj./adv.比较级thanYou are taller
17、 than I.专题四 正面解读注意：比较级后面跟有名词时，有时需要加适当的冠词。Tom is the taller of the two brothers.I have never read a better story.3 the 最高级 of/among 同类名词/in 范围、地点等名词/定语从句(have ever)This cake is the most delicious of all/in the shop/I have ever had.专题四 正面解读注意：(1)当没有比较的范围时，most表示非常，相当于very，此时没有比较概念。Steel is most useful
18、/a most useful material in industry.(2)“否定词语比较级”，“否定词语soas”结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.Nothing is easier than this.This is the easiest thing.We couldnt feel better.专题四 正面解读4 the 比较级，the比较级越，越The more practice you do,the fewer mistakes you will make.5 比较级 and比较级 越来越The weather is getting war
19、mer and warmer.六、比较级和最高级的修饰词1 almost,exactly,just,quite,nearly,half,twice 等词可以用来修饰asas结构。2 much,many(只能在比较级后是可数名词复数时使用)，far,by far,a lot,a great deal,rather,a bit,a little,even,still,yet，no,twice等词可以修饰more than比较级。专题四 正面解读3 by far,almost,nearly,much，first等词可以修饰最高级。This problem is exactly as importan
20、t as that one.Mike is much/a lot/far/a little stronger than John.He has much more money than me but I have many more books than him.My father is two inches taller than me/taller than me by two inches.Today is even/still/yet colder.I cant go any farther.I can go no farther.This hat is by far the bigg
21、est.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.专题四 正面解读七、表达倍数的常用句型结构1 A is three/fourtimes the size/height/length/widthof B或The size/height/length/width of A is three/fourtimes that of如：The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。2 A is three/four
22、times as big/high/long/wideas B如：This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。专题四 正面解读3 A is three/fourtimes bigger/higher/longer/widerthan B如：The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。注意：用times表示倍数时，一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍常用twice或double。八、特殊结构和固定搭配形容词和副词
23、有许多特殊结构和固定搭配，归纳与考点有密切联系的部分如下：专题四 正面解读1 tooto句型的两个意义(1)表示否定意义，意为“太而不能”。如：This question is too hard for me to understand.这个问题太难，我理解不了。The flower is too beautiful to last.花太美，难经久。(2)表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。当too后面接easy,ready,eager,willing,thankful,delighted等形容词时，too表示“很，非常”之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all,but,onl
24、y等词时，形成only too/all tooto do结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。如：专题四 正面解读Im too glad to hear the news.听到这个消息我非常高兴。Hes only too pleased to pick her up.他非常高兴去接她。They are but too glad to see me.他们非常高兴来看我。2 A is to B what C is to D.意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如：Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。专题四 正
25、面解读3 than的习惯短语(1)more than意为“超过，多于；十分，非常；不仅仅”。如：I was more than surprised at his sudden arrival.对他的突然到来我非常吃惊。(2)morethan意为“与其不如”。如：He was more frightened than hurt.与其说他受到伤害不如说他受到了惊吓。(3)rather than意为“而非，不，宁愿也不”(would/had ratherthan)。如：Rather than take a bus to school,Id prefer to walk.我宁愿步行上学也不愿乘车。专题
26、四 正面解读(4)other than常意为“除之外，不同于”；在否定结构中，形成no/not/nothing other than 的结构搭配，常意为“正是，恰好是，除了别无”。如：It was no other than my old friend Jones.就是我的老朋友琼斯。专题四 正面解读1 要避免重复使用比较级。【误】He is more cleverer than his brother.【正】He is more clever than his brother.【正】He is cleverer than his brother.2 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。【误】Chin
27、a is larger than any country in Asia.【正】China is larger than any other country in Asia.专题四 反面解读反面解读3 比较的对象要一致。【误】The weather in China is different from America.【正】The weather in China is different from that in America.【解析】句意为：中国的天气与美国的天气不同。比较的是天气而不是国家，比较的主体要一致，因此用that代替前面的weather。专题四 反面解读4 要避免表语形容词用
28、作定语。【误】Entering the room,I saw an afraid girl crouching in the corner.【正】Entering the room,I saw a frightened girl crouching in the corner.【解析】afraid是表语形容词不能作定语，而frightened是过去分词变来的普通形容词，可以作定语。专题四 反面解读5 不要把连接性副词当连词使用。(1)【误】He takes no interest in studies,instead,he plays tennis all day.【正】He takes no
29、 interest in studies;instead,he plays tennis all day.【正】He takes no interest in studies.Instead,he plays tennis all day.专题四 反面解读(2)【误】The house is not big enough for us,besides,it is too far from town.【正】The house is not big enough for us,and besides,it is too far from town.【正】The house is not big e
30、nough for us.Besides,it is too far from town.【解析】instead,besides等很多词是起连接作用的副词，不能当连词使用，因此它们所在的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑关系，而句子之间在语法上是独立的，因此前面的句子要用句号或分号或用and并列。专题四 反面解读1 2010全国卷 Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _.Apopular Bmore popularCmost popular Dthe most popul
31、ar【解析】B 考查形容词比较级的用法。形容词比较级用于否定句表示隐含的最高级，表示“没有比更的”。专题四 实战演练实战演练2 Much to his surprise，he invited only twenty friends to the dinner，but _ came.Atwice as many as Bas many as twiceCtwice as many Dtwice more than【解析】C 考查倍数的表达。很显然这里要表达的意思是：来的客人人数是他邀请的客人数的两倍，所以要用“倍数as many as”结构。第二个as及其后的内容省略。3 Food safety
32、 is _ important,so the government spares no effort to prevent food pollution.Ahighly Breasonably Cstrongly Dnaturally【解析】Ahighly表示程度“非常，极度”。专题四 实战演练4 In that case,there is nothing you can do _ than wait.Amore Bother Cbetter Dany【解析】B“nothingother than wait”只好等待。5 2010全国卷 I have seldom seen my mother
33、 _pleased with my progress as she is now.Aso Bvery Ctoo Drather【解析】A 易混副词用法辨析。asas句型在否定句中可以替换为soas如本句。专题四 实战演练6 2010福建卷 Volunteering is becoming popular in China.Yeah，people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.Anaturally BsuccessfullyCsplendidly Dincreasingly【解析】D 考查副词辨析。根据第一句句意：
34、志愿工作在中国正越来越受到欢迎，可知D项正确。专题四 实战演练7 2010湖北卷 I wasnt blaming anyone；I _ said errors like this could be avoided.Amerely Bmostly Crarely Dnearly【解析】A 考查副词词义辨析。句意为：我没有责备任何人，我仅仅是说像这样的错误是可以避免的。这里表示“仅仅，只有”，所以用merely。专题四 实战演练8 After watching the movie Avatar,Mary lay in bed with her eyes _ open while all her f
35、amily were _ asleep.Awidely;soundly Bwider;soundlyCwidely;sound Dwide;sound【解析】D 表示眼睛睁得大、嘴张得大等时，要用wide修饰open；表示“酣睡”时，常用be sound/fast/deep asleep来表达。专题四 实战演练9 Boris has brains.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.Aa high Ba higher Cthe higher Dthe highest【解析】B 考查形容词比较级的用法。根据题干内容可知，这里是
36、将Boris的智商与班级里其他同学的智商进行比较，因此应该用比较级，排除A、D两项；另外，这里是表泛指，因此用不定冠词，故B项正确。专题四 实战演练10How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great.We visited some friends，and spent the _ days at the seaside.Afew last sunny Blast few sunnyClast sunny few Dfew sunny last【答案】B11Everyone was on time for the meeting _ Mike,w
37、hos usually ten minutes late for everything.Aeven Bonly Cbut Dyet【解析】A 本题考查副词。句意为：每个人都按时到会，甚至连那个通常什么时候都会迟到十分钟的麦克也按时到会了。选A。专题四 实战演练12People go out with masks,_.Afear of the sandstormBafraid of the sandstormCfeared of the sandstormDbeing afraid of the sandstorm【解析】B 考查形容词短语作状语的用法。句意为：人们因害怕沙尘暴，外出时都戴着口罩
38、。13Mrs.White bought a _ wallet for her husband.Ablack leather small Bsmall leather blackCblack small leather Dsmall black leather【解析】D 考查名词前多个形容词的排列顺序。其排列顺序为：大小形状、颜色、出处、材料、用途。选D。专题四 实战演练14Let me help you,Tom!Thank you.I can do it.Heres _ to hold all these things.Aa case big enough Ban enough big cas
39、e Ca case enough big Da big case enough【答案】A专题四 实战演练15The economic impact study was conducted by a group of selected MBA students at the University of Kansas.Aespecially BspeciallyCregularly Dpotentially【解析】B 考查副词辨析。句意为：经济影响调查是由几个来自堪萨斯州大学的、特别挑选的硕士研究生进行的。especially尤其是；regularly有规律地；potentially潜在地。specially特别地，符合题意。专题四 实战演练
