1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家2017届高考英语语法复习精品系列(译林牛津版)专题09非谓语动词知识精讲(学生版)一、基本知识1.谓语动词与非谓语动词在解非谓语习题时我们遇到最大的困难之一就是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了动词不定式to visit。因此我们要特别注意分析句子的结构。记住：谓语动词只能作谓语，而非谓语动词可以做除谓语之外的任何成分(见非谓语动词的
2、语法功能)。例1(2016年高考英语新课标卷I)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter_66_(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce)British vis
3、itors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.【答案与解析】例2_ for a long time, but he tried his best to make up for what he missed. A. Being ill staying in hospitalB. Having been ill staying in hospital C. He was ill staying in hospitalD. To be ill s
4、taying in hospital【答案与解析】2.非谓语动词的语法功能非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，v-ing分词(又分为现在分词和动名词)和过去分词。所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语(主语)补足语定语插入语(独立成分)V-ing形式现在分词/动名词/不定式(to do)过去分词(done)/注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to m
5、ention(更不用说)，generally / frankly / roughly speaking (一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说)3.非谓语动词的变化形式 过去分词就一种形式，而不定式和动词的v-ing还有其它形式的变化。非谓语构成时态语态复合结构(逻辑主语表示法)否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth. 或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done 完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingb
6、eing donesb.或sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同/在前加not二、重点知识 (一)非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that【答案
7、与解析】Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. A. herself B. this C. that D. it【答案与解析】The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it【答案与解析】No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ silent. A. rem
8、ain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain 【答案与解析】it作形式主语使用动名词的句型It is no use/no good/useless +doing sth. It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time)+doing sth.Its no use _ without taking any action.A. to complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained【答案与解析】It is a waste o
9、f time _ himhe is determined to go his own way.A. warningB. warnedC. warnD. having warned【答案与解析】2.用不定式还是用动名词作谓语动词的宾语有特别要求I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be soundedC. sounding D. to have sounded【答案与解析】下列知识点要记牢：help, hope, ask, refuse,
10、decide, promise, wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 【答案与解析】Lydia
11、doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study【答案与解析】记住下列常见的这些动词(组)后要用动词动名词作宾语：suggest, risk, devote oneself to(建议冒险去献身)finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to(完成想象忍盼望)give up, delay/put off, regret, miss(放弃延期悔失去)insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate,
12、 feel like, practice(坚持欣赏要实践)pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to(注意原谅逃/避反对)keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind(保持习惯勿介意)be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy(值得开始将忙乎)3.用不定式还是用动名词作谓语动词的宾语意义不同Im sorry, but I didnt mean _ out your secret. But you know, letting out a se
13、cret mean _ ones feelings.A. to let; to hurt B. letting; hurting C. to let; hurting D. letting; to hurt【答案与解析】 I remember _ the doors when I left the house, but I forgot _ you about that so that you didnt need to worry. A. to lock; to tell B. locking; forgetting C. locking; to tell D. to lock; telli
14、ng 【答案与解析】Who is considered _ the telephone, do you know? A. inventingB. having inventedC. to have inventedD. to invent【答案与解析】Mr. Smith is considering _ a computer, which is considered _ a great help in his work and study. A. buying; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. to buy; to be【答案与解析】下列知
15、识点要记牢：动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同remember to do sth.记住要做remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth.忘了已做过的事forget doing sth.忘记要做某事动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要mean doing意味着，意思是try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事cant help doing sth.情不
16、自禁，忍不住cant help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了consider doing考虑做某事consider(think, find)(to be)认为是动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系These young trees require looking after(=to be looked after).The matter needs thinking over(=to be thoug
17、ht over).下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语stop to do停下来，要做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)stop doing停止做(动名词作宾语)go on to do接着做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)go on doing继续做同一件事(动名词作宾语)4.有些动词后要用“疑问词不定式”结构作复合宾语Its said that in that area there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it
18、 D. to do what with it【答案与解析】(二)非谓语作表语的重点非谓语动词都可以作表语。动词不定式表示具体、将来的行为，说明主语的内容；动名词表示比较抽象、经常的行为，也是说明主语的内容；现在分词表示主语呈现给他人的特点或特征或是给他人的印象；过去分词表示主语心理感受或主语所处的状态。Today my job at home is _ and my fathers is _.A. to wash clothes; to cook dinner B. washing clothes; to cook dinner C. to wash clothes; cooking dinn
19、er D. going to wash clothes; going to cook dinner【答案与解析】He went to the payphone to make a call but the phone _.A. is broken B. has broken C. was broken D. would break【答案与解析】How do you like your new neighbour?She is _, but her appearance is a bit _. A. interesting; disappointed B. interested; disappo
20、inted C. interesting; disappointing D. interested; disappointing【答案与解析】He has been doing the job for many years, but has never felt _ it, though his workmates think it is _.A. tired of; tired B. tired of; tiringC. tiring of; tired D. tiring of; tiring【答案与解析】(三)非谓语作宾语补足语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与句子宾语的逻辑关系与句
21、子谓语动作的时间关系不定式主动关系在谓语动词后发生不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程或是表 示经常性的动作现在分词主动关系同时进行过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound【答案与解析】Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories. A. amused
22、B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused【答案与解析】Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost【答案与解析】Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind【答案与解析】Do y
23、ou often hear John _ in his room? Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room.A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing【答案与解析】Though I have heard this song _, I have never heard you _ it.A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing【答案与解
24、析】2.某些动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语不可以带to动词不定式在let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语动词不定式在see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch, look at和listen to感觉动词后用作宾语补足语My mother wouldnt let me go to the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。I dont like milk, but mother made me drink it.我不喜欢牛奶，可是母亲强迫我喝。I would have him wait for me at the gate of the p
25、ark.我要他在公园门口等我。I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。I saw the woman enter a bank.我看见这个女人进了一家银行。We often hear her sing this song.我们经常听到她唱这首歌。Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?We listened to the old man tell his story.我们听这位老人讲述他的经历。注意：当宾语补足语变成主语补足语时，即在被动语态句子中，不定式必须带to。The woman was seen
26、 to enter a bank.有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。2.下列动词和短语必须用不定式作宾语补足语 wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +宾语+不定式作宾语(被动式为：be advised/allowed/permit/forbidden to do) advise/allow/permit/forbid +动名词作宾语
27、What did the librarian _ out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to takeD. insist being taken【答案与解析】Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried【答案与解析】We dont permit _ in our school. Would
28、 you please put your cigarette out?Forgive me. I didnt know.A. to smoking B. to smoke C. smoking D. having smoked【答案与解析】4.几种特别的结构have+宾语+do/doing/done：“have +宾语+ do sth ”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，宾语后的 do sth 是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。“have +宾语+ doing”意为：表示进行或持续：即表示“使一直在做某事或处于做某事的状态之中”；表示开始某活动：使开始做起某事来
29、；表示效果：主要指经过一定时间达到某种特定的效果。表示容忍或允许：(不能)容忍或允许某人做某事，多用于否定句，尤与 wont, cant连用；表示经历或遭遇：主要用来表示遭遇让句子主语不愉快的事。 “have +宾语+done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了，此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。Whom would you rather _ to Hainan for the holiday, Tom or Jack?Maybe Tom. A. have to go B. ha
30、ve go C. have gone D. had gone【答案与解析】We wont _ you _ away with cheating in the exam.A. let; getting B. have; get C. let ; keeping D. have; getting【答案与解析】The old woman had a letter from her son in the army _ to her.A. read B. to read C. reading D. to be read【答案与解析】注意：have不作为使役动词用时要特别注意。请看下列例子：I have
31、a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed【答案与解析】get+宾语+to do/doing/done 这三种结构的意义请参看上述“have+宾语+do/doing/done”的意义解释。Who would you rather _ the watch? A. have to repair B. have fixed C. get repaired D. get to repair【答案与解析】Alexander tri
32、ed to get his work _ in the medical circles .A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 【答案与解析】What terrible weather! I simply cant get the car _.Why not try _ the engine with some hot water?A. start, fillingB. starting, fillingC. started, to fillD. to start, fill【答案与解析】catch sb. doin
33、g sth逮住某人干某事(发现或撞见某人正在做某事)The man _ in a shop was sent to the police station.A. who caught stealing B. to be caught stealing C. caught to steal D. caught stealing【答案与解析】At the airport, a man dressed in a black suit was caught _ on the clean floor. A. spit B. spitting C. spat D. to spit【答案与解析】 make +
34、 oneself + done(使自己被)：oneself 与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard【答案与解析】I cant make myself _ in English.Dont lose heart. You are sure to make others _ you in English
35、 if you keep on studying it.A. understood; understanding B. understood ; understood C. understanding; understood D. understood; understand【答案与解析】主语+is said/reported/thought/believed +动词不定式：据说/据报道/据认为/据信。动词不定式往往有具体用什么形式要根据其与谓语动词所发生的时间的先后关系和与主语的逻辑关系来综合考量：to be done(不定式的动作发生于谓语动词后，且与句子主语存在逻辑上的被动关系)to h
36、ave done(不定式的动作发生于谓语动词前，且与句子主语存在逻辑上的主动关系) to have been done(不定式的动作发生于谓语动词前，且与句子主语存在逻辑上的被动关系) to be doing(不定式的动作谓语动词几乎同时发生，且与句子主语存在逻辑上的主动关系)Is Tom still performing?Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
37、 【答案与解析】Another primary school is reported _ for children in Wen Chuan now.A. to have been built B. to have built C. being built D. to be building【答案与解析】Zhangqiang is said _ the experiment in the lab, but I cant find him there. A. to have done B. to do C. to be doing D. doing【答案与解析】The flu is believ
38、ed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 【答案与解析】 (四)非谓语作定语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系分类形式与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式to do“the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系在谓语动作前或者后发生to be done被动关系在谓语动作后发生现在分词doing主动关系与谓语动作
39、同时进行being done被动关系与谓语动作同时进行过去分词done被动关系在谓语动作之前发生存在的状态或情况The last one _ the meal washes the dishes.Agreed!A. finishes B. finishing C. to finish D. finished【答案与解析】The TV play _ on next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. put B. being putC. to be putD. having been put【答案与解析】The government
40、 plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced【答案与解析】The tower _ now in the distance will be completed in two months. A. being built B. to be built C. built D. having been built【答案与解析】After c
41、ompleting and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide【答案与解析】2.动词不定式尾后应该有的介词不能丢When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 【答案与解析】I
42、 need some paper _. A. to write B. to write on C. to write with D. writing in【答案与解析】(五)非谓语作状语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与逻辑主语(即句子的主语)的关系与谓语动作的时间关系doing(一般式)主动关系(几乎)与谓语动作同时进行having done(完成式)主动关系先于谓语动作发生having been done(完成被动)被动关系先于谓语动作发生done(过去分词)被动关系已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念注意：tooto, enough to do, only to等结构表示结果；动词不
43、定式作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。Jack is _ go to school, so his mother has to stay at home to look after him.A. young enough to B. old enough to C. too young to D. very old to【答案与解析】Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to
44、 have found【答案与解析】A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ all four people on board.A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill【答案与解析】_ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded【答
45、案与解析】_ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand【答案与解析】Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D . to struggle【答案与解析】_ to wo
46、rk overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【答案与解析】另外，过去分词还可以跟某些连词连用作状语。Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised【答案与解析】Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 fl
47、u virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test【答案与解析】There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated【答案与解析】2.分
48、词(短语)作状语的附着规则使用分词(短语)作句子状语时，有一条规则必须遵守：即分词(短语)的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致，否则句子就是错句。_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see【答案与解析】注意：已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词(短语)不需要遵守这条附着规则常见的的有：considering(鉴于/考虑到) judging by/from(从来看，依据来判断)supposing that(假定)pr
49、oviding that (假定)according to(依据)including(包括)owing to(由于)talking/speaking of(谈及)given(考虑到)provided that(如果)3.独立主格结构和with复合结构逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed【答案与解析】_, well go camping
50、this weekend.A. Weather permitting B. If weather is permittedC. Weather permits D. Weather permitted【答案与解析】All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. hating considered【答案与解析】With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected presiden
51、t is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled【答案与解析】Now that weve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions _?A. taking B. take C. takenD. to take【答案与解析】The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them. A. to follow B
52、. following C. followed D. follows【答案与解析】Without anything _, he starved to death. A. to eat B. eating C. eaten D. is eaten【答案与解析】 (六)其它重点1.常考的主动表示被动的情况某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义；在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义；be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。上述句型都有一个共同的特点：非谓语动词与句子主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。In many
53、 peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with【答案与解析】This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate【答案与解析】The library needs
54、 _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned【答案与解析】In the Frick Collection you can also explore Fricks beautiful home and garden which are _. A. very worth a visit B. very worth a visit C. well worth being visited D. well worth visiting【答案与解析】Now that yo
55、ure grown up, youd better spend your time just on the things you find _.A. worth doing them B. worth being doneC. worthy of doing them D. worthy of being done【答案与解析】2.不定式的省略不定式的省略我们可以分作两种，一种是对不定式符号“to”的省略(如：make sb. do sth等)；另一种则是不定式符号“ to ”后省略实义动词的形式。这儿讲的是第二种情况(又称不定式符号to的替代作用)。常见情形有：would/should li
56、ke/love to, used to, have to, ought to, be going to, be able to, be willing to 等后面的to均为不定式符号，重复时可省略to后该不定式短语。 Could you lend me your dictionary? 能把你的词典借给我吗？ Id like to (lend you my dictionary).行。动词afford, agree, expect, forget, hope, intend, manage, need, pretend, refuse, try, want, wish等后面常接不定式短语作宾
57、语，重复时可省略to后该宾语。You may ask him for help if you want to (ask him for help). 如果你愿意，可以请他帮你。动词allow, beg, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, tell, persuade等后面常接不定式短语作宾语补足语，重复时可省略to后该宾语补足语。Ill go to her birthday party if she invites me to (go to her birthday party). 如果她邀请我参加她的生日聚会，我会去。The driv
58、er wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _.A .not to doB. not toC. not doD. do not【答案与解析】3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般说来非谓语动词的逻辑主语要么就是句子的主语或宾语，要么就是被它所修饰的中心词。但是有时需要明确非谓语动词所表示动作的执行者或承受者，这时就要标明它的逻辑主语。当动名词短语作主语、宾语或表语时，具有名词特性，其逻辑主语由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词”表示，放在动名词短语之前。当动名词短语不在句首时，也可由“名词普通格或代词宾格”表
59、示。The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught【答案与解析】_ made her stepmother very angry.A. Cinderellas marrying the prince B. Cinderella marrying the princeC. Cinderella married the princeD. Cinderella to marry
60、 the prince【答案与解析】形容词+for +名词或代词+动词不定式(形容词通常表示事物的性质)It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。Its important for the figures _ regularly. A. to be updatedB. to have been updated C. to updateD. to have upda
61、ted【答案与解析】形容词+of+名词或代词+动词不定式(形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征)How careless it is of him to break such a valuable vase!他真不小心，把如此贵重的花瓶打破了。Its brave of you to go into the burning building to save her!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救她。4.关于there be 的非谓语形式there be的非谓语形式常见的有，there to be, there being, there having being等。请看下列各例：What about go
62、ing abroad for further study? Great, but I never expect _ such a chance for me before.A. there to be B. there being C. there is D. there to have 【答案与解析】Would you like there _ a meeting to discuss the matter?A. being B. to be C. is D. be 【答案与解析】I always dream of _ to travel to different places, meeti
63、ng different people.A. being a chance B. there chanceC. there to be a chance D. there being a chance【答案与解析】I have never imagined _ such a good hotel in this town.A. there having B. theres being C. there being D. there have【答案与解析】_ no rain for a long time, the ground was very dry.A There having beenB
64、 There to beC There had beenD There was 【答案与解析】It is not uncommon for there _ problems of communication between the old and the young.A. beingB. would beC. beD. to be【答案与解析】_ a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.A. There having been B. There will be C. There was D. There being【答案与解析】_ nobody else at hand, I had to carry the heavy box to the eighth floor by myself.A. It having B. It has C. There was D. There being【答案与解析】 版权所有高考资源网诚招驻站老师，联系QQ2355394696