1、Unit 5 Languages Around The World一、阅读理解A2024辽宁本溪一模When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents， most of them proudly replied， Well， I speak perfect English/Chinese/. But this kind of response misses the point. More often than not， what we mean when we say someone has an accent is that t
2、heir accent is different from the local one. Were usually talking about pronunciations different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accen
3、ts. Even if you dont hear it yourself， you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense， its pointless to point out that someone has an accent. We all do！Every person speaks a dialect（方言）， too. A dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structures， phrases and w
4、ords. For instance， You got eat or not？ （ meaning Have you eaten？）is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesnt mean that Singapore Oral English is wrong or ungrammatical. The sen
5、tence is well-formed and easy to understand， according to native Singapore English speakers solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because its different？We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provi
6、de insights into peoples cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age， the way one speaks is a distinct part of ones identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. Wed learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.本文主要讲述了口音指的是什么、口
7、音存在的普遍性以及口音的价值所在。【词语积累】limiting adj. 局限的，限制的，限制性的give rise to使发生，引起pointless adj. 无意义的conception n. 理解1. What does the author think of his friends response in paragraph 1？A. It reflects their self-confidence.B. It reflects their language levels. C. It misses the point of communication.D. It misses t
8、he real meaning of accents.解析D细节理解题。由第一段中的Well， I speak perfect English/Chinese/.和第二段中的what we mean when we say someone. from the local one可知，作者的朋友的回答很明显误解了口音的真正含义，故D项正确。2. Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English？A. To justify the use of dialects. B. To show the diversity of di
9、alects. C. To correct a grammatical mistake.D. To highlight a traditional approach. 解析A推理判断题。举例一般是为了说明上文中提到的较为抽象或晦涩的概念。例子是针对A dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structures， phrases and words而举的，再结合第三段最后一句可推知，A项正确。3. What does the author recommend us to do i
10、n the last paragraph？A. Learn to speak our local dialect. B. Seek for an official definition of accents. C. Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D. Distinguish our local languages from others.解析C推理判断题。由最后一段中的Language differences like these provide insights into . make friends along the way可
11、知，语言的差异会让我们了解人们的文化经历和背景，了解我们居住的世界，并帮助我们结交朋友。由此可以推断，作者建议我们要懂得欣赏口音和方言的价值，故C项正确。4. What can be a suitable title for this passage？A. Everyone Has an AccentB. Accents Enhance Our IdentityC. Dialects Lead to MisunderstandingD. Standard English Is at Risk解析A标题归纳题。本文第一段引出口音这个话题；第二段讲述了对口音的正确理解，并指出每个人都有口音；第三段
12、讲到了每个人都会讲方言，并以新加坡英语口语为例说明使用方言是正当的；第四段讲到了口音和方言的价值所在，并鼓励读者学会欣赏口音和方言，故A项每个人都有口音适合做本文的标题。B中华文化/2023宁夏银川质量检测For the past three decades， Richard Sears has been dedicated to one thing： telling the stories behind Chinese characters.His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972， when he
13、was a 22-year-old physics major at Portland State University in Oregon. He said， I realized only 7 percent of the world speaks English as a mother tongue. I wondered what it was like to speak another language. By 1990， Sears had already been a fluent Chinese speaker， but he did not know how to read.
14、 To Sears， the characters were complex with many strokes（笔画） and almost no apparent logic.Sears said， I am a physicist， so I dont like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs（象形文字） and I wanted to know the stories behind them. In the process of
15、his study， Sears soon realized that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. To pick out the good ones， he decided to computerize the characters， and then scanned about 96，000 ancient characters.The database of ancient characters came into being， but he wanted to explain the step-by-step
16、 evolution of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology（词源）， where viewers can check for free the evolution of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011， the website got 11，000 or
17、15，000 hits a day. Suddenly， in January， 2011， clicks to the website went up to 600，000 within one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi， a nickname given by Chinese netizens， after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.Besides the website， in September last year， Sears set up his st
18、udio， which focuses on applying AR， animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins， in Nanjing as part of the local authoritys plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. They have both entertainment value for the young and educational value， an
19、d can teach the origins of Chinese characters. We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters， Sears said.物理学家理查德西尔斯多年来一直致力于一件事：讲述汉字背后的故事。【词语积累】be dedicated to致力于come into being形成evolution n.发展，进化，演变1. What can we
20、learn about Richard Sears？A. He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.B. He learned Chinese to improve his physics.C. He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.D. He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.解析A细节理解题。由第一段和第四段可知，他多年来一直在探索研究汉字，故A项正确。2. What does the under
21、lined word ones in Paragraph 3 refer to？A. Characters.B. Explanations.C. Pictographs.D. Languages.解析B代词指代题。结合行文时话题的一致性、行文逻辑的流畅性可知，ones指代的名词表示复数意义，且出现在上一句中，所以B项正确。3. What can be inferred about Sears website？A. It gained popularity shortly after its establishment.B. It has made a big profit from netiz
22、ens visiting it.C. It concentrates on the simplification of Chinese characters.D. It has built a bridge between the evolution of Chinese characters and the public.解析D推理判断题。由第四段中的Between 2002 and 2011.after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media可知，他的网站点击量不小，被中国网友分享到社交媒体上后，点击量飞速上涨，由此可推
23、知，他的网站在汉字的演变与公众之间架起了桥梁，故D项正确。4. Which of the following can best describe Richard Sears？A. Ambitious and humorous.B. Wise but careless.C. Enthusiastic and devoted.D. Generous but stubborn.解析C推理判断题。他多年来对汉字的兴趣不减反增，不仅建立了研究汉字的网站，还成立了利用高科技研究汉字的工作室，由此可知，他对汉字非常感兴趣并且投入大量的人力、物力和财力，故C项正确。二、七选五Youre probably fa
24、miliar with the North American spelling of the word airplane. However， if youve ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom， youve probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and Briti
25、sh spellings of words with the same meaning. 1. The American English spelling is airplane while the British English spelling is aeroplane. So， why does this happen？Lets look at the root of the phenomenon. 2. British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of F
26、rench， but American English， when it has deviated（背离） from what British English does， often changes into the direction of seeming less French， says Lynne Murphy， author of The Prodigal Tongue：The Love-Hate Relationship Between American and British English.3. Aeroplane is no exception. Were comfortab
27、le with aero in scientific terms， but as planes became more common things to talk about， the aero seemed too fancy， explains Murphy. In Scientific American in 1906， there was already a claim：4. Ten years later， airplane was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term. It
28、 was considered in the United Kingdom， but that suggestion didnt go anywhere.Theres a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently， and why that will continue to happen. 5， and people are generally proud of it， so they continue to spell differently， says Murphy.A. Every cou
29、ntry has different cultureB. Your spelling tells people where youre fromC. The word airplane happens to be an exampleD. Airplane is a much better word than aeroplaneE. American English and British English have similar historical originsF. Theres a lot of history that goes beyond words and dives deep
30、 into politics， government， and scienceG. A lot of words in the English language are borrowed from other languages， like Latin， Greek， and French本文是说明文，以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aeroplane在拼写上的差异为例讲述了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。1.CC项是针对there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words wi
31、th the same meaning举的例子，且与The American English spelling is airplane while the British English spelling isaeroplane衔接紧密。2.GG项与段落第一句中的the root吻合。3.F段落中双引号中的内容是对F项中的history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics， government， and science的具体诠释。4.DD项与Ten years later， airplane was adopted.之间存在
32、因果关系。5.BB项是人们的骄傲所在。空后句子中的it指代B项。三、完形填空中华文化/2024安徽合肥联考When I first started learning calligraphy， I just copied the teachers strokes（笔画）， and my work was ugly， said Aryan from Afghanistan. He is currently a graduate student in Beijing， 1 in International Education of the Chinese Language.During his si
33、x-year stay in China， he discovered the2 of Chinese culture. He also realized that Chinese is steadily becoming a（n） 3 language， and more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese.To his surprise， the curriculum for foreign students in China 4 the classroom. The school organize
34、s extracurricular 5 to help them learn and experience 6 and culture. After closer and deeper 7 with Chinese culture， Aryan found his hobby： calligraphy.Initially， I didnt know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult， Aryan said. Later on， I found out that calligraphy can help me 8 my
35、 Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture.He used to 9 the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly. But he later found out that this view is 10.Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and the Chinese 11 toward life. The horizontal， v
36、ertical（垂直的）， left and right falling strokes on the paper 12 Chinese peoples unique symbols and memories. They are also the hidden 13 to better understanding Chinese culture.Not only did Aryan gain a deeper 14 of Chinese characters， but he also developed a more mature personality along the way. Call
37、igraphy gives him strength when he feels 15 and lost， helping him find his inner peace.本文是一篇记叙文。Aryan是一名身在北京的研究生，他爱上了中文书法并在学习书法过程中得到一些关于汉字和中国文化的感悟。1. A. majoringB. settlingC. bringingD. resulting解析AHe is currently a graduate student指出他是研究生，所以此处说的是他主修汉语国际教育，故选A。2.A. problemB. patternC. richnessD. res
38、ource解析C由下文提到的他对书法的感悟可知，在中国的六年里，他发现了中国文化的丰富多彩，故选C。3. A. nativeB. officialC. internationalD. formal解析C由下文中的more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese可知，世界上越来越多的人希望用汉语进行顺畅的交流，这说明汉语正在稳步成为一门国际语言，故选C。4. A. goes againstB. takes upC. takes overD. goes beyond解析DThe school organizes
39、 extracurricular.表明，针对外国学生的课程不局限于课堂上，故选D。5. A. conferencesB. activitiesC. subjectsD. competitions解析B此处指学校组织课外活动，应用activities，故选B。6. A. economyB. lifeC. workD. pleasure解析B此处指的是体验生活和文化，故选B。7. A. successB. contentC. combinationD. contact解析D此处说的是经过深入接触中国文化，Aryan发现了自己的爱好：书法，故选D。8. A. improveB. recognizeC
40、. adjustD. find解析AAryan发现书法可以帮助他提升汉语水平和对中国文化的了解，故选A。9. A. holdB. opposeC. breakD. suspect解析A此处说的是他曾经认为写汉字只要写得整齐就行，故选A，hold the idea that.表示认为，持观点。10. A. positiveB. contradictoryC. wrongD. objective解析C结合But可知，Aryan发现他之前的观点是错误的，故选C。11. A. directionB. stepC. attitudeD. effort解析C此处说的是书法帮助他理解每一笔和中国人的生活态度
41、，故选C项，attitude toward.表示对的态度。12. A. supplyB. representC. senseD. recall解析B此处说的是纸上的横、竖、撇、捺代表了中国人独特的符号和记忆，故选B，represent表示代表。13. A. responsesB. admissionsC. reactionsD. keys解析Dthe key to表示的关键/要诀。14. A. functionB. abilityC. formD. knowledge解析D此处说的是Aryan不仅对中国汉字有了更深入的了解，故选D。15. A. stressedB. inspiredC. determinedD. interrupted解析A当他感到焦虑和失落时，书法给他力量，帮他找到内心的平静。stressed表示焦虑的，符合语境。
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