1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters一、阅读理解A自然灾害/Yellowstone National Park withdrew more than 10，000 visitors after flash floods hit the park. Houses， roads and bridges were washed away， and the parks gateway communities were cut off from roads. Even as scientists and land managers are shocked by the severe floo
2、ds， unseen in 100 years of recorded history， they recognize the similarities to the events their data predicted. They just didnt expect them to occur this year.While it will take more research to confirm if climate change made this flood event more extreme， the2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessment
3、 predicts significant changes in precipitation（降水）， including when it will arrive and what form it will take. Scientists expect more spring rain and less winter snow. The assessment also predicts increasing annual precipitation in Yellowstone National Park.Changes have been already documented in the
4、 assessment. Since 1950， spring precipitation in the region has increased by 17 percent in April and 23 percent in May. Snowfall has dwindled even though overall annual precipitation has increased. That means rather than a slow release of meltwater to valleys during the summer months， rainfall tends
5、 to combine with melting snow， causing riskier events like the recent flood.June precipitation this year is now at more than 400 percent above average in the parts of Montana and Wyoming that include Yellowstone. And as temperatures rise， these rain-on-snow events are projected to become more freque
6、nt at higher elevations（海拔） in western North America， while lower snowpack will make them less frequent at low elevations.Bruce Stein， chief scientist of the National Wildlife Federation， said several years before， when he trained Yellowstone employees for climate planning， they focused on the featu
7、res that drew visitors to the park like bison and wolves. Roads， bridges， and houses getting washed away were out of their consideration. I think its urgent and necessary for the park to look ahead to plan for different situations that could possibly happen as the climate changes， said Stein.本文是说明文，
8、主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水以及洪水产生的可能原因。【词语积累】withdraw v.使撤离assessment n.评价，评估document v.记录，记载（详情）snowpack n.积雪【熟词生义】1.flash常用义：v.（使）闪耀，闪光n.闪光，闪光灯文中义：adj.突发的2.project常用义：n.项目，方案，工程文中义：v.预测，预计，推想【长难句解读】While it will take more researchto confirm （ if climatechange madethis flood event more extreme），While引导的让步
9、状语从句，其中包含一个if引导的宾语从句the 2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessmentpredictssignificant changes in precipitation主语谓语宾语（significant changes.take),（降水），including（when it will arrive） and （what form it will take）.其中including后接两个并列的宾语从句译文：虽然需要更多的研究来确认气候变化是否使这次洪水事件更加极端，但2021大黄石地区气候评估报告预测了降水的显著变化，包括降水的到来时间和形式。
10、1.What can we learn about the floods？A. They were the most destructive in history.B. They had been predicted with certainty.C. They were worsened by changes in climate.D. They were partly in line with scientists expectation.解析D细节理解题。由第一段中的they recognize the similarities to the events their data pred
11、icted.this year可知，洪灾与科学家们的预测是部分一致的，故选D。2. What does the underlined word dwindled in paragraph 3 mean？A. Varied.B. Balanced.C. Doubled.D. Declined.解析D词义猜测题。由even though和has increased可推知，画线词意为减少，故选D。3. What does Stein think the park should do next？A. Take preventative measures.B. Rebuild damaged struc
12、tures.C. Focus on its attractive features.D. Receive training in climate planning.解析A推理判断题。由最后一段的I think its urgent and necessary for the park . as the climate changes可知，Stein认为黄石国家公园必须向前看，为气候变化可能引发的不同情况做好计划，这是非常紧迫和必要的。也就是说，黄石国家公园应该做到防患于未然，故选A。4. What is the best title for the text？A. Yellowstone ar
13、ea： Is it more at risk of flood？B. Yellowstone flooding： Why does it happen now？C. Climate planning： Why is it important to Yellowstone？D. Climate change： Does it mean more rain for Yellowstone？解析B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水及洪水产生的可能原因，B项更好地概括了文章的内容，做文章标题最佳。B2023山东二模It was a long weekend in M
14、ay 2018 and my partner Gabe Rosescu and I were taking a road trip to go to Nelson， British Columbia and spend some time with our friends. It was our first trip together.At around 5：30 p.m. on Thursday， May 17， we were driving about 11 miles west of Creston， on a steep mountain road known as the Crow
15、snest Highway. I was texting updates to my family and enjoying the view. We werent aware that there had recently been flooding in the area. When I looked up from my phone， I saw a wave of mud and a huge tree coming down the mountain， right in front of Gabes car. He tried to stop， but it was too late
16、. The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300 meters down a rocky cliff （悬崖） and our car landed on its side among some trees.I didnt know how long we were unconscious. But the body is an amazing thing， and somehow we were both able to crawl（爬） out of the crashed car. We had no phone signal， so all
17、we could do was shout for help. After just a few minutes， we heard someone call back. Four passers-by spotted us and came to our rescue. When the emergency medical technicians finally got to our side， they loaded us into separate ambulances. I was in the hospital for a week and a half， but they kept
18、 Gabe for six weeks. I was told I would walk with a limp（跛行） for the rest of my life； Gabe permanently lost the vision in his left eye.Before all this happened， we were happy-go-lucky people. Were even more sanguine now. We look at everything differently. Despite the injuries we suffered， were grate
19、ful that were still living a pretty good life.本文是记叙文，主要讲述了作者与Gabe在开车去看朋友的路上遭遇泥流，被冲下悬崖，最终获救并积极面对人生的故事。【词语积累】come to sb.s rescue前来营救某人happy-go-lucky adj.无忧无虑的，乐天派的，逍遥自在的【熟词生义】1.update常用义：v.更新，使现代化文中义：n.最新消息，最新进展2.wave常用义：n.海浪，波浪，波涛文中义：n.涌现的事物3.send常用义：v.邮寄，发送文中义：v.使快速（或猛然）移动1. Why did the author and G
20、abe go to Nelson？A. To go sightseeing.B. To visit their friends.C. To join in a road trip.D. To look for adventure.解析B细节理解题。由第一段中的Gabe Rosescu and I were taking a road trip . with our friends可知，作者和Gabe开车去Nelson是为了与朋友共度时光，即拜访朋友，故B项正确。2. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. How the trip was pl
21、anned.B. Which roads they kept to.C. How the accident happened.D. What could be seen on the way.解析C段落大意题。通读第二段的内容可知，本段主要交代了事故发生的时间、地点、原因和结果，故C项（事故是怎样发生的）最能概括段落的主要内容。3. What can we learn about the author and Gabe？A. They both lost their phones.B. They were both seriously injured.C. They tried their b
22、est to keep conscious.D. They were sent to hospital by passers-by.解析B细节理解题。由第三段中的I was in the hospital for a week and a half. lost the vision in his left eye可知，作者余生都要一瘸一拐地走路，而Gabe的左眼则永久性失明。由此可知，作者和Gabe都受伤很严重，故B项正确。4. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word sanguine in paragraph 4
23、？A. Optimistic.B. Fortunate.C. Adventurous.D. Cautious.解析A词义猜测题。由最后一段中的Before all this happened， we were happy-go-lucky people可知，作者他们之前是乐天派。再结合画线词前的even more和后面的We look at everything differently. were grateful that were still living a pretty good life可知，画线词所在句表示现在我们更加乐观了，故选A。二、完形填空志愿服务/Jim McIngvale
24、 watched in horror as Hurricane Ida made landfall， hitting Louisiana. For him， it 1 one thing： Time to get in the game. McIngvale， who owns Gallery Furniture in Houston， quickly called for 2 of necessities like food and water. Then he and his workers 3 every truck to take them to Louisiana.Louisiana
25、 4 to us Houstonians during Hurricane Harvey， so 5， its the right thing to do to help our neighbors， McIngvale said. He also opened his furniture showroom to 6 many families.Ana Lee is among those who were 7 to the storm. She drove to Gallery Furniture after being told about McIngvales 8. I was warm
26、ly received， Lee said. Its a 9 to meet somebody like him.People who lined up to help out said they did so after 10 watching McIngvale help those in need. Chris Ogle was one of them 11 by McIngvale. He helped putting 12 onto trucks after giving away some bottled water to the 13. He said， If you knew
27、McIngvale， you wouldnt be 14 by the long lines of people waiting to contribute. 15， this was not the first time he had helped. He had volunteered to offer help many times after natural disasters.Jim McIngvale在得知路易斯安那州遭遇飓风侵袭之后，积极参与了对当地受灾居民的援助。在他的影响下，许多人积极参与其中。【熟词生义】effort 常用义：n.努力，艰难的尝试文中义：n.有组织的活动1.
28、 A. meantB. provedC. stressedD. affected解析A飓风艾达袭击路易斯安那州，于他而言，意味着（meant）一件事是时候行动了。2. A. allocationsB. preparationsC. distributionsD. donations解析D由下文中的necessities like food and watergiving away some bottled water和waiting to contribute可知，D项符合语境。allocation划拨的款项，分配的东西；preparation准备工作；distribution分配；donat
29、ion捐赠物，捐赠。3. A. checkedB. emptiedC. loadedD. cleaned解析C此处说的是把物资装到卡车上，故选C项。load表示（把大量）装上，装入。4. A. came upB. made up C. stuck outD. reached out解析D在飓风哈维来袭时，路易斯安那州向休斯敦人伸出了援手。reach out to sb.为某人提供帮助，援助某人。5. A. in returnB. in generalC. at lastD. at heart解析A此处表示作为回报，帮助邻居是正确的事情，故选A项，in return表示作为回报。in gener
30、al通常，大体上；at last最终；at heart内心里，本质上。6. A. feedB. comfortC. shelterD. examine解析CMcIngvale开放家具陈列室是为了给许多家庭提供栖身之处。feed喂养；comfort安慰；shelter为提供庇护处，收容；examine检查。C项符合语境。7. A. accustomedB. directedC. subjectedD. challenged解析CAna Lee是遭受风暴袭击的受害者之一，故选C项。be subjected to sth.表示经受，遭受。8. A. generosityB. honestyC. br
31、averyD. strength解析A此处表示在得知McIngvale的慷慨之后，她开车去了Gallery Furniture，故本题选A项。 generosity慷慨，honesty正直，bravery勇敢，strength力量。9. A. pleasureB. chanceC. planD. dream解析ALee很高兴能遇到像McIngvale这样的人。pleasure表示乐事，快事，符合语境。10.A.fortunatelyB. frequentlyC. curiouslyD. carefully解析B下文提到这不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手了，他已经在自然灾害后提供帮助很多次了
32、，那么，此处表达的应是在经常看到McIngvale帮助有需要的人之后，人们也开始这样做了。fortunately幸运地，frequently经常地，curiously好奇地，carefully认真地。B项符合语境。11. A. supportedB. approachedC. persuadedD. inspired解析DChris Ogle是受到McIngvale鼓舞的人之一。support支持；approach接洽；persuade说服；inspire激励，鼓舞。D项符合语境。12. A. productsB. clothesC. suppliesD. bottles解析C上文提到McIn
33、gvale呼吁人们捐赠水和食物等必需品，那么，此处表示Ogle帮忙把补给品装上卡车，故选C项，supplies表示补给品。13. A. effortB. companyC. serviceD. battle解析Aeffort在此表示有组织的活动。14. A. touchedB.surprisedC. excitedD. delighted解析B如果你认识McIngvale，看到人们排着长队等着捐赠，你就不会感到惊讶了。touched受感动，surprised惊讶的，excited兴奋的，delighted愉快的。B项符合语境。15. A. LuckilyB. HopefullyC.Eventu
34、allyD.Actually解析D事实上，这并不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手。luckily幸运的是，幸运地；hopefully希望，但愿；eventually最后；actually事实上。三、语法填空生态环保/The emperor penguin（帝企鹅） may not survive climate change or even this century. For decades， global warming has been melting（使融化） the sea ice 1 the flightless seabirds make their home； some for
35、merly 2（freeze） areas have shrunk by 60 percent in just 30 years. These largest penguins are nearly 90 pounds in 3（weigh） and can stand 45 inches tall. They need the ice 4（produce） their babies， avoid oceangoing killers， and find food. When sea ice 5（become） liquid early， the species can disappear.
36、The population is 6（present） stable with 270，000 to 280，000 breeding（繁殖） pairs.But research suggests those numbers could fall by nearly half in the next 30 years， and that the species will be effectively extinct by 2100. Emperor penguins 7（list） as a threatened species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
37、Service already， which puts them 8 the protection of the Endangered Species Act. The hope is to protect them by 9（get） more conservation funding and ways for international cooperation on research. The listing of the emperor penguin serves as both 10 alarm bell and a call to action， says Martha Willi
38、ams， director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.本文是说明文。数十年来，全球变暖使南极的海冰大量融化，这使帝企鹅面临灭绝的危险。1.where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。2.frozen考查形容词。由空前的formerly和空后的areas可知，空处应填frozen（冰封的，封冻的，结冰的）， frozen在句中作定语。3.weight考查名词。in weight是固定用法，意为在重量上。4.to produce考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词来表目的，且此处表示主
39、动关系，故填to produce。5.becomes考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由语境可知，此处描述的是客观情况，动词应用一般现在时；主语sea ice不可数，谓语动词应用单数，且become为系动词，故填becomes。6.presently考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作状语，应用副词，故填presently。7.have been listed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语already可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Emperor penguins与list是动宾关系，故填have been listed。8.under考查介词。under the protection of表示 在的保护之下，是固定用法。9.getting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填词作介词by的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，且此处表示主动关系，故填getting。10.an考查冠词。alarm bell表示单数概念，此处表示泛指，且alarm的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
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