1、Unit 3 Food and Culture一、阅读理解ARoughly one-third of the food produced in the world for human consumption every year approximately 1.3 billion tonnes gets lost or wasted. And in Singapore 665，000 tonnes of food waste was produced in 2020， amounting to $342 million， only 19 of which was recycled. Chua
2、Kai-Ning and her partner， Phua Jun Wei， founded Insectta in 2017. They are battling Singapores food waste with the help of the black soldier fly larva the immature form of a fly.The idea behind Insectta is that nothing goes to waste， said Chua. Waste can be reimagined as a resource if we change how
3、we think about our production methods， and how we deal with waste.The worms of black soldier flies consume up to eight tons of food waste per month. Insectta can then flash dry the worms into animal feed， and use the insects excrement（粪便）for agriculture. According to Chua，Insectta is extracting more
4、 than agriculture-related products from black soldier flies.During the research and development， we realized that a lot of precious biomaterials that have already got market value can be gained from these flies， Chua said. Insectta has developed technology to get biomaterials from the exoskeleton（外骨
5、骼） they leave behind. One of these biomaterials is chitosan， an antimicrobial（抗菌的） material sometimes used in makeup and medicine. Insectta aims to eventually produce 500 kilograms of chitosan a day. Insectta is now working with Singapore-based Spa Esprit Group for the use of the chitosan in its ski
6、n care products. It also joins hands with the face mask brand Vi-Mask， which hopes to use the chitosan to make an antimicrobial layer within its products. 世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，并从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。【词语积累】amount to总计，共计；等同于，相当于join hands携手合作，联合，合伙【长难句解读】D
7、uring the research and development， we realized that a lot of precious that引导的宾语从句，biomaterials (that have already got market value) can be gained from these flies，Chua said.其中包含一个that引导的定语从句译文：Chua说：在研究和开发中，我们意识到，许多已经有市场价值的珍贵的生物材料可以从这些黑水虻身上获取。1. What do the figures in paragraph 1 show？A. The diffic
8、ulty in recycling food waste.B. The seriousness of food waste.C. The urgency of reducing food consumption.D. The effort at battling food waste.解析B推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，全世界每年有大约13亿公吨的食物被浪费，2020年新加坡产生了665 000公吨食品废弃物，其中只有19得到了回收。由此可知，作者通过列数字的方式来表明食物浪费的严重性，故选B项。2.What does the underlined word extracting in par
9、agraph 3 mean？A. Protecting.B.Obtaining.C. Learning.D. Recycling.解析B词义猜测题。由第三段中的use the insects excrement（粪便） for agriculture可知，该公司把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，再结合下文可知，该公司还从黑水虻的外骨骼中获取了抗菌生物材料。由此可推知，该公司从黑水虻身上获取的不只是与农业相关的产品，故画线词的含义应是获取，B项切题。3.What can be inferred about chitosan？A. It has a wide range of uses.B. It bri
10、ngs few profits to Insectta. C. It has been applied to masks.D. It is found in the flys excrement.解析A推理判断题。由最后一段中的used in makeup and medicinefor the use of the chitosan in its skin care products. to make an antimicrobial layer within its products可知，这种抗菌材料可用于化妆品和药物中，也可用于护肤产品中，还可用于口罩的抗菌层。由此可知，这种抗菌材料用途
11、广泛，故选A。4.Which is the best title for the text？A. Insects provide a way to recycle food wasteB. New technology is developed to fight food wasteC. Insectta is using insects to turn waste into treasureD. Singapore is benefiting from the insect-based industry解析C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的主要内容是：世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的
12、一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，还从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。C项做标题最佳。B科技创新/Diners in Japan may soon be able to cut their salt intake without needing to sacrifice（牺牲） flavor. Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods. Co-developed by Me
13、iji University professor Homei Miyashita and drink producer Kirin Holdings Company， Limited， the chopsticks improve tastes using electrical stimulation and a mini-computer attached to a wrist. The device uses a weak electrical current to send sodium ions（钠离子） from food， through the chopsticks， to th
14、e mouth where they create a sense of saltiness， said Miyashita. As a result， the salty taste increases by 1.5 times.The taste-improving chopsticks may have particular relevance to the traditional diet in Japan， which tends to be high in salt. The average Japanese adult eats about 10 grams of salt ea
15、ch day. That is almost two times the amount suggested by the World Health Organization. High sodium intake is linked to increased cases of high blood pressure， strokes and other conditions. To prevent these diseases， we need to reduce the amount of salt we take， said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. Sato a
16、dded that if Japanese people try to reduce salt intake in the usual ways， they will need to cut many of their favorite foods from their diet. Otherwise， they would have to eat flavorless food. I want to overturn the idea that low salt means no flavor， Miyashita declared. The chopsticks make it possi
17、ble to keep enjoying the foods we love， and in a healthier way. He was confident that the chopsticks can help people make better decisions about their diet and hoped to have them ready to sell as early as next year. Miyashita and his research team have explored different ways that technology can int
18、eract with human senses. He has also developed a television screen that a person can lick（舔） to taste different food flavors. Meanwhile， research is also underway to develop other eating tools with special functions like electric spoons and forks using technology.本文是说明文。日本的传统饮食盐味较重，过量的钠的摄入增加了日本人患高血压
19、、中风和其他相关疾病的风险。最近，日本的研究人员发明了一种电动筷子，这种筷子可以在不额外增加食物的盐含量的同时增加食物的咸味。【词语积累】intake n.（食物、饮料等的）摄取量，吸入量relevance n.关联，有关overturn v.推翻underway adj.在进行中的【熟词生义】1.current常用义：adj.当前的，现在的文中义：n.电流2.condition常用义：n.状况，状态文中义：n.（因不可能治愈而长期患有的）疾病1.Who would probably be interested in the electric chopsticks？A. Those stick
20、ing to a balanced diet.B. Those having eating disorders.C. Those preferring homemade food.D. Those wanting to take in less salt.解析D细节理解题。由文章第一段中的Diners in Japan may soon be able to cut their salt intake可知，这种电动筷子对想要减少盐摄入量的人有吸引力，故D项正确。2.Why is traditional Japanese diet mentioned？A. To introduce what J
21、apanese diet is like.B. To stress how important chopsticks are for it.C. To show what influence it has on the Japanese.D. To explain why electric chopsticks are invented.解析D推理判断题。由题干中的traditional Japanese diet可将解题信息定位至第三段。由本段对日本传统饮食的介绍可知，日本的传统饮食盐味较重。普通的日本成年人每天摄入的盐量几乎是世界卫生组织建议的两倍。高钠摄入量与高血压、中风和其他疾病病例的
22、增加有关。如果日本人以平常的方式减少盐的摄入，他们将需要舍弃许多他们喜欢的食物。否则，他们将不得不吃寡淡无味的食物。再结合上文中提到的电动筷子可以增加食物的咸味可推知，文中提及日本传统饮食是为了解释研究人员发明电动筷子的原因。综上可知，本题选D。3.What does Miyashita expect of the electric chopsticks？A. Theyll reach consumers in the near future.B. Theyll help change peoples eating habits.C. Theyll be developed into vari
23、ous versions.D. Theyll inspire a whole new line of research.解析A细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的the chopsticks can help people . hoped to have them ready to sell as early as next year可知，本题选A。4.What is the text mainly about？A. Benefits of low-sodium diets.B. Improvements to the Japanese diet.C. Electric chopsticks incr
24、easing salty taste.D. An invention making food more delicious.解析C主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods可知，本文主要介绍的是研究者发明的一种能够增加食物咸味的电动筷子，故C项正确。二、七选五On our second day in China， wed already been asked to join the school fo
25、r supper. Nervous and unsure of the food and table manners， we politely agreed. 1 And now my first dining experience would be with the school staff.Compared with the restaurants in my hometown， Chinese ones are loud and busy. 2 The atmosphere is warm and chaotic； people are happy. The tables are big
26、 and round. In Chinese culture the most important person sits facing the door. Plates of food soon started arriving. And then I wished Id worked on my chopstick skills before.3 This means ordering lots of food and encouraging you to keep eating. It also means drinking and drinking. Youll never have
27、an empty glass.Its polite to try everything， but if you know me， you would know I dont eat everything. Fresh fish？ Sure， an entire fish on the plate staring at you while you pick at it. Not for me. 4 No， thanks！ The lung of a pig？ Ill pass. It seems that the Chinese really eat everything！Every day I
28、m pushed out of my comfort zone. 5 The experience itself is quite amazing. Ive learned a lot， yet theres still so much to learn. It sure is different from my culture and way of living， but being in their shoes and seeing life through their eyes have really helped me to understand. And I look forward
29、 to discovering more！A. I gradually got used to the life here.B. The Chinese are so friendly and hospitable.C. Snails with their shell crushed and cooked into a meal？D. But for the most part， I discover something I really enjoy.E. People rinse（冲洗） their bowls and chopsticks first with hot water.F. C
30、oming to China， the thing I was most nervous about was the food.G. People are shouting， laughing， drinking and kids are running around freely.了解一个国家的地道文化可以从饭桌上开始。吃吃喝喝中，品尝的是别具特色的美食，感受的是异域的独特氛围，谈论的是关乎彼此的凡人俗事，体验的是浓郁的烟火气息！1.FF项中的the thing I was most nervous about was the food与空前句子中的unsure of the food以及空
31、后句子中的my first dining experience相照应。2.GG项所说的情况是对Chinese ones are loud and busy的具体说明。3.BB项指明了第三段的主旨大意，ordering lots of food and encouraging you to keep eating以及drinking and drinking皆诠释了中国人的友善与好客。4.CC项与Fresh fish？和The lung of a pig？吻合。5.DD项与Every day Im pushed out of my comfort zone之间为转折关系，且空后的句子是对D项中s
32、omething的具体说明。三、完形填空One day， Baltimore restaurant owner Steve Chu learned one of his longtime customers， an old lady， was losing her battle with cancer. Chu 1 to drive six hours to Vermont to cook her favorite dish for her rather than share his recipe at her son-in-law Brandons request.Her daughter
33、Rina knows how much the dish from Chus restaurant 2 to her. She always told us，When Im on my death bed， I want to have that broccoli， Rina said. Actually， when I was packing on Friday to drive to Vermont， I called her in 3 to see if she wanted us to bring anything special and she 4 said，Tempura broc
34、coli！After confirming his plans with Rina and Brandon， Chu， together with his two colleagues， made the 5 to Vermont. The next morning， they set up a makeshift（临时代替的） kitchen in the bed of their truck at the ladys house. When the dish was 6， the team rang the doorbell.When the old lady opened her doo
35、r and saw Chus familiar 7 with the dish， she could hardly believe her eyes. I dont understand！ You drove all the way up here to cook for me？ she cried with a（n）8 expression on her face.Chu immediately recognized her the moment he saw her. Weve seen many 9 come and go. However， she always 10， not onl
36、y in the way she enjoys my cooking but in always making sure to 11 the dishes to my restaurant staff， Chu said.Their mission accomplished， Chu and his colleagues turned down an offer to stay for dinner， also refusing to take any 12. Rina Jones reported Chus generosity left her and her mom with tears
37、 of 13.Shes a lovely lady， who has showered us with love at our restaurant for years， Chu said， adding it was an honor to help 14 the familys wish. It was a meaningful 15， and Im happy that we could make it happen， he said.老人患癌性命危，佳肴一道挂在心；女婿设法求菜谱，厨师果断献爱心，开车疾行六小时，亲往烹饪慰老人！1.A. hesitatedB. continuedC.
38、competedD.offered解析D厨师主动提出开六个小时的车，亲自去给老人做菜。offer to do （sth.）表示主动做某事。2.A. meansB. owesC. devotesD. sends 解析A老人的女儿知道这道菜对母亲的意义有多重大。mean在此表示意味着。3.A. secretB. surpriseC. advanceD. anger解析C老太太的女儿提前给母亲打电话看她想不想让带什么特别的东西。in advance表示提前，事先。4.A. luckilyB. nervouslyC. confusedlyD. jokingly解析D老太太开玩笑地说让女儿带她特别喜欢的
39、菜。jokingly表示开玩笑地。5.A. agreementB.tripC. requirementD. order解析B确认了计划之后，Chu就和两名同事一起踏上了去佛蒙特州的旅途。make the trip to.表示踏上去的旅途，前往。6.A. deliciousB. freshC. readyD. popular解析C菜肴做好后，厨师一行人按响了老太太家的门铃。ready表示准备好的。7.A. figureB. performanceC. behaviorD. character解析A老太太开门后便看到了Chu熟悉的身影。figure表示身影。8.A. embarrassedB. s
40、caredC. peacefulD.surprised解析D结合she could hardly believe her eyes和I dont understand！可知，看到Chu，老太太应该很吃惊，故本题选D项，surprised表示惊奇的，吃惊的。9.A. volunteersB.customersC. visitorsD. foreigners解析BChu是开饭馆的，自然是见多了顾客的来来往往。customer表示顾客。10.A. helps outB. watches outC. stands outD. works out解析C虽然见多了顾客，可这位老太太总是那么显眼。stand
41、 out表示突出，显眼。11.A. raiseB. returnC. serveD. praise解析D老太太给Chu印象深刻的不仅仅是她享受他做的菜肴的样子，还有就是她总不忘向餐馆的工作人员夸赞一下这些菜肴。praise表示夸奖，称赞。12.A. considerationB. riskC. paymentD. blame 解析CChu他们也拒绝收钱。payment表示款额，款项。13.A. regretB. gratitudeC. prideD. pity 解析B对于Chu开了六个小时的车前来做菜这件事，老太太一家自然会心存感激，故本题选B项，gratitude表示感激，感谢。14.A. fulfillB. expressC. understandD. discover解析AChu觉得帮助老太太一家实现愿望是一件很荣幸的事情，故本题选A项，fulfill表示实现，达成。15.A. inventionB. changeC. campaignD. experience解析D在Chu看来，开了六个小时的车去给这位老太太做菜是一次非常有意义的经历。experience表示经历，体验。
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