1、Unit 1 Knowing me， knowing you一、阅读理解A2024湖南名校大联考For 85 years， the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked an original group of 724 men and more than 1，300 of their male and female descendants （后代） over three generations， asking thousands of questions and taking hundreds of measurements to fin
2、d out what really keeps people healthy and happy. Through all the years of studying these lives， one crucial factor stands out for the consistency and power of its bond to physical health， mental health and longevity： good relationships. In 2008， researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harv
3、ard Study couples in their 80s every night for eight nights. Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a series of questions about their days. On days when these men and women spent more time in the company of others， they were happier. Like most older people， those in the Harvard
4、Study experienced day-to-day rises and falls in their levels of physical pain and health difficulties. But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned （缓和对的冲击） somewhat from these ups and downs of mood their happiness did not decline as much on the days
5、 when they had more pain. Simply put， their happy marriages seemed to have a protective effect. Elizabeth Gillespie， a therapist of couples， stated that although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard， and at times， impossible， it is essential to our well-being. Today we
6、 live in much more complicated environments， so meeting our social needs presents different challenges. We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to， because it is hidden by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands. 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对哈佛大
7、学成人发展研究的项目的阐述说明了良好的社交关系对幸福至关重要。1.Whats the purpose of the Harvard Study of Adult Development？A. To study their lives over three generations.B. To reveal the secret to health and well-being. C. To track the descendants of an original group.D. To study the relationship between health and happiness. 解析
8、B推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，哈佛大学成人发展研究的目的是揭示健康和幸福的秘密，故选 B。2.How did the researchers carry out the study？A. By working with other researchers.B. By tracking specific groups of people. C. By helping participants with social difficulties.D. By comparing the results from different people. 解析B细节理解题。由第三段In 2008，resea
9、rchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s every night for eight nights. Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a series of questions about their days可知，研究者通过追踪特定群体来实施研究，故选 B。3.Why did the author mention the examples in Paragraph 4？A. To provi
10、de evidence for the bond between health and longevity. B. To introduce the concept of physical pain and health difficulties. C. To show the negative impact of unhappy marriages on older peoples mood. D. To support the positive impact of satisfying relationships on peoples lives.解析D推理判断题。由第四段中的But re
11、searchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned （缓和对的冲击） somewhat from these ups and downs of mood their happiness did not decline as much on the days when they had more pain. Simply put， their happy marriages seemed to have a protective effect可知，通过具体的例子，读者可以
12、更加直观地理解研究结果，更容易接受结论，即令人满意的关系对人们的生活有积极影响，故选D。4.According to Elizabeth Gillespie， what is essential to our well-being？A. Having good social connections.B. Declining pains and difficulties. C. Overcoming ups and downs of mood. D. Experiencing rises and falls of physical health. 解析A推理判断题。由第五段中的. althoug
13、h most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard， and at times， impossible， it is essential to our well-being可知，Elizabeth Gillespie 认为拥有好的社交关系对幸福至关重要，故选 A。B2023江苏四市一模Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you look over and find them standing in the same positi
14、on as you or holding the same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意识地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon （变色龙） effect at play. The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation （模仿） of another persons gestures or behavior. Just as a chameleon att
15、empts to match any environments colours， people acquire the behavior of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth. The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of their experiment include
16、d 78 people， who each spoke with an experimenter. During the test，Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadnt met before， like moving the foot and touching the face. The second part measured the impact that copying someone has on the person being imi
17、tated. In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20 and their foot movement by 50 while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter. The individuals werent aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure u
18、nconscious acts. The second stage involved half of the participants being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter. The results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter higher. It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feeling
19、s about them. These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of connection. The main reasons behind humans imitation are positive. However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the extreme， they can lose their sense of self. Those who change their
20、entire personalities in different groups often go undetected. But more common signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice. Next time you are in a social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some chameleons for yourself. 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的研究。该研究表明人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。1.W
21、hy do people acquire others behavior？A. To match the environments colour. B. To attract others attention. C. To establish a connection with others.D. To adapt to the surroundings. 解析C细节理解题。由第二段The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation （模仿） of another persons gestures or behavior. Just as a c
22、hameleon attempts to match any environments colours， people acquire the behavior of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的行为，故选C。2.How did the experimenter guarantee participants unconscious behaviors？A. By directing their attention to a pho
23、to.B. By keeping an eye on their actions. C. By telling them the purpose of the study. D. By evaluating the impacts of imitation. 解析A细节理解题。由第四段中的In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20 and their foot movement by 50 while in conversation about a photograph with the experi
24、menter. The individuals werent aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts可知，实验者用一张照片吸引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为，故选A。3.What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？A. People tend to like those who imitate their behavior.B. T
25、oo much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial. C. People imitating others are not easy to be detected. D. The copied movements help people to feel relaxed. 解析A细节理解题。由第四段中的It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them. These interactions could b
26、e a person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of connection可知，实验表明人们倾向于喜欢模仿自己行为的人，故选A。4.Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the passage？A. Students adopt teachers accents for fun after class. B. People change their habits to please others on purpose. C
27、. A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage. D. A husband and his wife share similar behaviours over time. 解析D推理判断题。由第二段The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation （模仿） of another persons gestures or behaviour. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environments colours， people acquire
28、 the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth可知，随着时间的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行为是变色龙行为，因为他们在一起相处时会无意识地互相模仿，故选D。二、七选五2024湖北武汉部分学校调研Have you ever struggled to understand how someone else feels？ Building up your empathy（同理心）skills helps you connect with your friends.
29、 1What is empathy？Empathy is a kind of capability that lets you be in someone elses shoes and then figure out how they are feeling. For instance， if you can see your friend is upset after losing a football match and you support them by telling them some warm and motivating words， you are showing emp
30、athy. Miranda McKearney set up an organization called EmpathyLab that builds empathy through reading. 2 Empathy is a force for change， she says.3Scientists say empathy isnt something you are born with， but a skill you can acquire through learning. One way you can do this is by active listening. When
31、 someone is talking to you， listen closely and respond in a way that shows you understand their situations and emotions thoroughly. Reading， advocated by EmpathyLab， is also a great way to boost empathy， since stories can take you inside someone elses mind and show you the world through their eyes a
32、nd emotions. Put empathy into action. 4 This could mean trying out something that is important to a friend or family member， like exploring their favourite place. EmpathyLab advocated ideas for putting empathy into action in schools or at home. That might be connecting with someone new in your class
33、 and having a friendly conversation， or making small changes to your behavior. All small acts of kindness to others can make a difference， which in turn will be copied by someone else. 5A. How can you have more empathy？B. Who needs empathy most in daily life？C. Besides， it also spreads kindness and
34、inspires them to do the same. D. To find out more conduct you can do， log in EmpathyLab. UK. com. E. Only by putting empathy into action can you relate to others bad lives. F. She believes even small， supportive actions can have a positive impact. G. Miranda recommends going into the thick of people
35、s lives to show empathy. 本文主要介绍了什么是同理心、如何培养同理心以及如何将同理心付诸实践。【词语积累】be in sb.s shoes设身处地thoroughly adv.完全，彻底advocate v.拥护，支持，提倡boost v.使增长，推动1.C空前一句指出了培养同理心的一个好处：可以帮助你与朋友建立良好关系。C项（此外，它还能传播善良，并激励他们也这样做）指出了培养同理心的另一个好处，与上句衔接自然。C项中的it指代上文中的Building up your empathy（同理心） skills，而them指代上文中的your friends。2.F空前句
36、子中的reading属于F项中的small，supportive actions，且空前句子、F项、空后的句子均与Miranda McKearney密切相关，故F项符合语境。3.Aa skill you can acquire through learning表明同理心是可以通过后天习得的，下文又提到了聆听和阅读两种增强同理心的方法，由此可见，与空格紧密相关的段落主要回答了如何拥有更多的同理心这一问题，故A项适合做主旨句。4.G主旨句说的是将同理心付诸实践。而G项所说的走进人们最繁忙的生活中去展现同理心便是将同理心付诸实践的一个方法。 5.DD项与EmpathyLab advocated id
37、eas for putting empathy into action in schools or at home相吻合。三、完形填空2023南京六校调研How long have you been going to the same hairdresser？ Its a question that gets us thinking about the unique friendships we 1 with our stylists over the years.You have confidence in each other. You have a laugh together and
38、regularly 2 each others news. And they try to make you look and feel your best. Thats a（n）3 not only for a good friendship， but also for the perfect relationship with your hairdresser. When you find a good hairdresser， its something to 4.Many people have5 experiences with their hairdressers. Ive had
39、 my hair cut by Claire Miller for more than 15 years. Shes taken me through all kinds of 6， and shes helped me find a totally new look now during the post-chemotherapy （化疗后） period with dyed blonde hair！7 hairstyles， there have been communications about the joys and trials of motherhood， the challen
40、ges of health problems and the 8 in our careers and lives the stuff of 15 years that we have 9 in the three salons Claire has worked in.While she cut my hair recently， we chatted about that special10 that form between hairdressers and their clients.You hear so many stories from them， and sometimes y
41、ou feel like a counselor 11 a hairdresser. You assess their needs， and you know how to react to them，says Claire.For Claire， the customer interaction is something she loves about the job and that she has12 developed throughout her working life.Its about being human and 13 about people. A lot of my c
42、lients are my friends and like family now. Its my 14 to cut their hair， making them look and feel good， but I also want them to feel 15 by the experience， laughs Claire.本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了理发师与客人之间的联系。Clarie热爱理发工作，她认为与客人的联系基于日常工作的点滴，并且理发师要关心客人才能建立起联系。1.A. breakB. promoteC. formD. collect解析Cbreak打破； promot
43、e促进，晋升；form形成，建立；collect收集。句意：这是个让我们想起多年来我们与造型师之间建立的独特友谊的问题。C项符合语境。2.A. catch up onB. make up forC. put up withD. end up with解析Acatch up on了解，跟进； make up for弥补；put up with忍受；end up with以告终。句意：你们一起大笑，经常了解彼此的消息。A项符合语境。3.A. requestB. escapeC. occasionD. recipe解析Drequest要求，escape逃脱，occasion场合，recipe秘诀。句
44、意：那不仅是一段良好友情的秘诀，也是你和你的理发师保持完美关系的秘诀。D项切题。4.A. resolveB. rememberC. cherishD. evaluate解析Cresolve解决，remember记住， cherish珍惜，evaluate评估。句意：当你找到一个好理发师，这是值得珍惜的。C项切题。5.A. nervousB. unforgettableC. imaginableD. inseparable解析Bnervous紧张的，unforgettable无法忘记的，imaginable可想象的，inseparable不可分离的。句意：许多人和理发师都有难忘的经历。B项切题。
45、6.A. shapesB. modelsC. stylesD. sorts解析C此处应用style来表示发型，样式。shape形状，model模型，sort种类。7.A. BesidesB. DespiteC. GivenD. After解析A由there have been communications about the joys and trials of motherhood， the challenges of health problems and the 8 in our careers and lives可知，除了发型之外，作者和其理发师还聊其他话题，故选A。8.A. inju
46、riesB. experimentsC. reportsD. changes解析D此处说的是我们职业和生活中的变化（changes）。 injury伤害，experiment实验，report报告。9.A. broughtB. sharedC. observedD. emphasized解析B此处说的是15年中我们在Clarie工作的3个发廊中分享（shared）的东西，故选B。10.A. linksB. rolesC. habitsD. patterns解析A这里指理发师与客人们建立的一种人与人之间的联系，故选A。link联系，role角色，habit习惯，pattern模式。11.A. o
47、ther thanB. rather thanC. less thanD. more than解析Bother than除了；rather than而不是，less than少于； more than不仅仅，多于。句意：你从他们那里听到了很多故事，有时你觉得自己像个咨询师，而不是理发师。B项切题。12.A. eventuallyB. graduallyC. immediatelyD. frequently解析BClarie与顾客之间的联系是在工作中渐渐建立的，故选B。eventually最终，gradually渐渐地，immediately立刻，frequently经常。13.A. carin
48、gB. hangingC. worryingD. talking解析A此处想表达的是关心人，故选A。care about关心，hang about闲逛， worry about担心，talk about谈论。14.A. desireB. ambitionC. hobbyD. job解析D此处说的是给他们理发是我的本职工作，故选D。desire欲望，ambition雄心，hobby爱好，job职业。15.A. protectedB. struckC. upliftedD. persuaded解析C此处说的是可我也想让客人在理发过程中振奋起来，故选C。protect保护；strike碰撞，uplift使振奋，persuade说服。
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