1、Unit 4 Breaking boundariesI work in a clinic set by an influentialorganization， which is dedicated to assisting African children with health care. We have only two specialists. Only a minority of civilians can get medicine. The bad conditionsputtheir lives at risk. The outbreak of the civil war made
2、 things worse. There is a set of twin boys， whose parents went to the battlefield and perished in the tragic war. Bravery isvital to work here. My comrades and I believe that our work isrewarding and our joint efforts will bring forth good fruit. 1assistv.协助，帮助1.外研必修2In China， volunteers are also pl
3、aying an increasingly important role in environmental protection， disability assistance（assist） and many other fields.2.I have such a good command of English that I have been elected as an assistant（assist） to my English teacher.3.社区帮助他找到了一份更适合的工作。The community assisted him to find / in finding a jo
4、b which was more suitable for him. （assist） With the assistance of the community， he found a more suitable job.（assistance）assist sb.in/with sth.帮助某人某事assist sb. to do/in doing sth.帮助某人做某事assistance n. 协助，帮助come to ones assistance 来帮助某人with the assistance of.在的帮助下 assistant n. 助理，助手2vitaladj. 极其重要的，
5、必不可少的；维持生命所必需的；生气勃勃的1.As we all know， water is vital for/to every living thing. Without water， the world would be a dead place.2.It is vital to keep（keep） promises， for nobody likes to make friends with a man who cant be trusted.点拨在本句中，It是形式主语，不定式to keep promises是真正的主语。3.此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。
6、（建议信）Besides， its vital that you （should） mind your table manners when you attend a dinner party in China. （it作形式主语的主语从句）be vital for/to. 对极其重要It is vital to do sth. 做某事是极其重要的。It is vital that. 是极其重要的。从句用虚拟语气（should动词原形）3rewardingadj. 值得做的，有益的，有意义的1.Gardening is a very rewarding（reward） pastime. It
7、allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things.2.The students have been working hard on their lessons and they will be rewarded with success in the end.3.作为对他的勇敢的奖励，他得到了一枚勋章。 He received a medal as a reward for his courage.（as a reward for）4.我给同桌一本词典作为她对我无私帮助的回报。I gave m
8、y deskmate a dictionary in reward for her selfless help to me.（in reward for）点拨（1）reward表示奖赏；酬谢，指对有功绩的事的报答或酬谢。（2）award作名词时指正式或官方 颁发或授予的奖章、奖金等；作动词时指正式地或官方地颁发、授予，其常用搭配为award sb. sth./award sth.to sb.。reward v. 奖励，奖赏n. 奖励，回报reward sb. for sth.因某事而奖赏某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖励某人in reward for （doing）sth
9、. 作为的回报/报酬as a reward （for.）作为（对的）报酬 /奖赏4influentialadj. 有影响力的，有支配力的1.人教必修4Irelands beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.2.Confucius is considered to be one of the most influential（influence） educators in Chinese history.3.Whatever you do or say at home
10、 influences（influence） the formation of childrens thoughts in the growth process directly.点拨在本句中，Whatever引导名词性从句，作主语，谓语动词用单数。4. Under the influence of my physics teacher/Influenced by my physics teacher（在我的物理老师的影响下）， I have grown increasingly interested in physics.（人物介绍）influence v. &n. 影响influence
11、sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事have an influence on.对有影响under the influence of.在的影响下5put.atrisk把置于危险境地；使遭到威胁1.Weve been advised not to risk travel（l）ing（travel） without a local guide.2.The increasing number of online telecommunications fraud has put peoples rights and interests， especially those of the elder
12、ly， at risk.3.他受到了表扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。He was praised because he risked his life to put out the big fire. （risk v.）He was praised because he put out the big fire at the risk of his life. （at the risk of）He was praised because he ran the risk of losing his life to put out the big fire. （run the risk of）
13、risk doing sth.冒险做某事take risks/a risk 冒险at risk 处境危险；受到威胁at the risk of.冒着的风险run the risk of doing sth. 冒着做某事的风险6Itbe时间段since.1.It is/has been（be） three years since I came to the clinic as an assistant in this village.2.He said it was ten years since he had graduated（graduate） from this school.3.您已经
14、有一年多不教我们英语了，但我们非常想念您，怀念和您一起度过的快乐时光。（感谢信） It has been more than a year since you taught us English， but we miss you a lot， cherishing the memory of those happy days with you.点拨（1）Itbe时间段before从句表示多久之后才。若从句时态为一般现在时，be为一般将来时；若从句时态为一般过去时，be为一般过去时。（2）Itbe时间点when从句（时间状语从句）表示做某事是在某时。It be时间段since. 自从已有多久了。
15、主句中若be为is/has been，从句用一般过去时；若be为was，则从句用过去完成时。7Itis/wasthe序数词time（that）.1.This is the second time that Wang Yaping has been sent（send） into space.2.Brian told us that it was the first time that he had come（come） late for such an important meeting.3.Andy第一次来中国时，不能很快地适应新环境。 The first time Andy came to China， he couldnt adjust to the new surroundings quickly.4.这是我第一次写求职信，因此我不知道是否有什么需要注意的。（求助信） This is the first time that I have written an application， so I dont know if there is anything to pay attention to.the first time从句第一次（引导时间状语从句）
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