1、Unit 4Global warming1compare vt.&vi.比较；对照；比喻2quantity n量；数量3tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理4oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量；使对立5state vt.陈述；说明；规定；声明6range n种类；范围；山脉；行列；射程7glance vi.看一下；扫视n一瞥；眼光；匆匆一看n8average adj.平均的；普通的；一般标准的；平常的平均数9existence n生存；存在1compare vt.&vi.比较；对照；比喻例句Compare this radio and that one,and you
2、will findwhich one is better.比较一下这台收音机和那一台，你会知道哪个更好。搭配compare with 与比较compare to 比喻为compare.with.拿与相比(常表示同类相比)compare.to.把比作(抽象比喻，可表示同类或非同类相比)注意compare 的过去分词短语形式作状语时，不管同类还是异类，compared with 和 compared to 都可以用。运用完成句子(1)拿这双鞋与那双比，我更喜欢这双。After _ this pair of shoes _ that pair,I think I likethis better.(2
3、)莎士比亚把人世间比作舞台。Shakespeare _ the world _ a stage.(3)和西方相比，中国使用物资很节省。_ western countries,China uses materialsvery paringwithcomparedtoCompared with/tovt.(look after/take care of)2tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾照顾；护理例句Most boys tend to enjoy playing basketball.大部分男孩子都喜欢打篮球。派生搭配运用tendency n倾向；趋势tend to 倾向于；有助于完成句子(1)处
4、于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。People under stress _ develop their full range of potential.(2)当老板不在时请他照看这个商店。He was required _ the store in the owners absence.tend toto tend3oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量；使对立例句Many residents in Guangzhou are opposed to the planof tearing down the old buildings.广州许多居民反对拆毁旧楼的计划。搭配be opp
5、osed to 反对(to 为介词)同义词组：disagree with/object to/be against sth.反义词组：agree with/be in favor of/be for sth.运用完成句子(1)热爱和平的人们都反对核武器。People loving peace _unclear weapon.(2)我们赞成她升为总裁。We are_ her promotion to president.oppose/are opposed to/object to/are againstin favor of/for4range n种类；范围；山脉；行列；射程例句The hou
6、ses are sold out within this price range.在这个价位范围之内的房子已售完。搭配a range of 一系列的in/within the range of 在范围内out of the range of 超出的范围运用完成句子(1)这是一个带有一系列配件的电钻。Its an electric drill with _ different attachments.(2)我没有射中那只鸟，因为它不在我的枪的射程范围内。I didnt fire the bird because it was _ my gun.a range ofout of the range
7、 ofn5average adj.平均的；普通的；一般标准的；平常的平均数例句The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.本班男生的平均年龄是 15 岁。搭配above/below(the)average 在平均水平以上/以下on(an/the)average 平均而言运用完成句子(1)这里夏天平均温度是 25 度。_ temperature in summer is 25 degree here.(2)我们每天平均接到 20 个电话。We received 20 calls a day _.The averageon averag
8、e6existence n生存；存在例 句 According to some philosophers,everything inexistence is reasonable.某些哲学家认为，存在的事物都是合理的。派生搭配exist vi.存在；生存in existence 存在come into existence 出现；开始存在exist in 存在于运用完成句子(1)海洋污染影响了鱼类的生存。Ocean pollution does harm to the _ of the fish.(2)农业也存在着一些问题。Problems also _ agriculture.existenc
9、eexist in用本单元所学单词及用法完成下列句子1.毛主席将年轻人比作早上八九点钟的太阳。Chairman Mao _ young people _ the sun at 8 or 9 inthe morning.2.松鼠在树干里藏了很多坚果。The squirrel hides a large _ of nuts inside trees.3.汤姆在学校的功课在一般水平以上。Toms work at school is _.4这个组织已经存在有 25 年了。The organization has been _ for 25 paredtoquantityabove the averag
10、ein existence5大部分参加比赛的学生都在 17 至 20 岁范围内。Most of the students entering the competition are _the age from 17 to 20.6老板陈述了他对该问题的见解。The boss _ his view on the subject.7她扬长而去，都不朝我这儿看一眼。She walked off without a _ in my direction.8母亲病了，他得在家照料她。Mother being ill,he had to _ her athome.9他们反对政府的新政策。They _the g
11、overnments new policies.in the range ofstatedglancetend/look after/take care ofopposed/were opposed e about 产生；发生；造成2.result in 导致；造成3.keep on doing sth.继续做某事4.so/as long as 只要；以为条件；由于，既然1come about 产生；发生；造成例句How did these differences come about?这些差异是怎么产生的？拓展come in first/second 得第一/二名come at 向扑来com
12、e to 到达；谈到；突然想起；苏醒come out 出来；出版；(花)开come into being(开始)出现；产生come across 偶然遇到或发现；被理解come back 回来；重新流行；回想起来come from 来自come up 长出；走上来；被提出come true(梦想、愿望)实现注意 come abouthappentake place，三者均无被动语态。运用完成句子(1)他怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？How did it _ that he knew where we were?(2)花刚开始长出地面。The flowers are just beginning
13、to _.(3)今天早上我在牛津大街偶然碰见一位老校友。I _ an old schoolmate in Oxford Street this e aboutcome upcame across2result in(lead to)导致；造成例 句 Stress and tiredness often result in a lack ofconcentration.紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。辨析result in/result from(1)result in 后接结果。(2)result from 意为“由产生”，后接起因。运用完成句子(1)饱食常常会带来疾病。Sickness ofte
14、n _ eating too much.(2)事故导致三人死亡。The accident _ three people being killed.results fromresulted in/led to3keep on doing sth.继续做某事(强调动作的反复性)例句The pupil kept on asking me the same question.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。拓展keep off 远离；不接近keep away from避开；离开keep back 不前进keep out(of)置身于(之)外；不入keep up 保持；继续；不低落keep up with
15、赶上；跟上注意keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，表示不间断地持续干某事，强调动作的连续性。keep 后不能接不定式或表示静止状态的动词，而必须接延续性动词。运用完成句子(1)请你关上门不让噪音进来好吗？Would you please close the door to _ the noise _?(2)如果继续下雨，所有庄稼都会被毁掉的。If it _,all the crops will be ruined.(3)他走得如此快，以致我不能跟上他。He walked so fast that I couldnt _him.(4)你最好远离我，我患重感冒了。Youd bette
16、r _ me.I have a bad cold.keepoutkeeps on rainingkeep up withkeep away from4so/as long as 只要；(on the condition that)以为条件；(since)由于，既然例句As long as/Since you are up,get me a drink.既然你起来了，就给我拿杯喝的。运用完成句子只要不下雨我们就能在操场上玩。_ it doesnt rain,we can play onthe playground.As long as/On the condition that用本单元所学短语及
17、用法完成下列句子1我很难忍受他的粗鲁。It is hard for me to _ his rudeness.2你能告诉我你的父母不允许我们待在一起是怎么回事吗？Can you tell me how it _ that your parents dontallow us to stay together?3这大体上是一个非常好的会议。It was a pretty good conference _.put up withcomes abouton the whole4只要我们有着公平的机会，我们就很可能赢得这场比赛。_we have fair opportunity,we are like
18、ly to winthe match.5她虽然疲劳但仍继续工作。She _ although she was tired.6供给不足导致了价格飞涨。Inadequate supply _ the soaring price.As/So long askept on workingresulted in原句Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse”gas,the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫作“温室”气体，其中最重要的是二氧化碳。精讲“.
19、the most adj.one of which/who.”意 为“其中最的”。精练根据中文提示，完成下列句子(1)这里有很多的动画片，其中最受欢迎的是喜羊羊与灰太狼。Here are many cartoons,_isHappy Sheep And Gray Wolf.(2)应采取有效措施防止生存环境进一步恶化，其中最重要的措施之一就是限制过多的私家车的使用。Some effective measures should be taken to keep our livingenvironment from getting worse,_is to limit the use of priv
20、ate cars.the most popular one of whichthe most important one of which运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵之(1)_(与 相 比)the last century,the Earthssurface temperature has (2)_ (上 升 了)about 1 degreecentigrade today.(3)_(其实；事实上),we may feelthat we can hardly(4)_(忍受)much too hot summers andwe cant(5)_(习惯于)warm winters
21、.The rise of the Earthssurface temperature has(6)_(有很大影响)tohuman health,the(7)_(生存)of creatures and the balance ofthe environment.(8)_(条 件 允 许 的 话),allcountries in the world should spare no effort to improve ourenvironment.Without all peoples(9)_(共同努力),whatwould our future be like?Compared torisen b
22、yAs a matter of factput up withget used tomade much differenceexistenceConditions permittingjoint efforts如何写好 30 词的概括(一)1概括的要点：提取观点，筛选意义，英语解释。概括部分考查三种能力。第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有用英语解释英语的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。2概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。标准的概
23、括采用浮凸式的表达方式，即第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败；后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。3概括的写作步骤：(1)确定主题句。文章的主题句一般在段首，没有主题句的需要自己概括组合。(2)寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词。关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息完整度。文体主题句支撑句议论文文章论点(一句)文章论据(两三句)记叙文故事的写作目的/主题(一句)故事大意(两三句)说明文说明的对象/观点/现象(一句)解释/分述(两三句)(3)重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统领后面所有的支撑句。反映写作目的的主题句是抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。(4)重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。4概括的形式：“主题句支撑句”。5.广东高考概括部分评分细则：(1)完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得 0 分；(2)机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得 1 分；(3)稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，得 2分；(4)创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得 3 分；(5)结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得 4 至 5 分。