1、第十六周省略、反意疑问句和感叹句(一)省略一、从句的省略Every day after I went home, if not tired from work,I will go out for a walk with my wife.(2014芜湖一中模拟)每天我回家后,如果不累,我会和妻子一块出去散步。Although small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.(2013天津高考)这家公司虽然小,但它在30多个国家有大约1 000个客户。All the photographs in this book, u
2、nless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.(2012陕西高考)书中所有的照片,除非另外说明,否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。Get up early tomorrow.If not (If you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus.明天得早起。如果不早起,你就赶不上首班车。Do you think it will rain?I hope so/not (t
3、hat it will rain/not rain)你认为会下雨吗?我希望下/不下。1当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it,且从句中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。2so或not代替上文内容,此时可用“ifso/not”省略句式。3Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别表示肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。二、不定式的省略I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.我叫他去看电影,但是他不想去。Will you join in the
4、 game?Id be glad to.你愿意参加这个比赛吗?我愿意。Are you a sailor?No, but I used to be.你是水手吗?不是,但我过去是。He hasnt finished yet.Well, he ought to have.他还没完成。哦,他早该完成了。1单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。否定形式的省略用not to。2不定式符号t
5、o用在某些形容词,如glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面。3如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,通常保留be,have和have been。考点一 从句的省略1(2013浙江高考)There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.Anot treatedBnot being treatedCnot to be treated Dnot having been treated解析:选A句意:有一些健康问题,如果不及时处理,过些
6、时候会变成比较严重的问题。when not treated in time是when some health problems are not treated in time的省略。考点二 不定式符号to的省略2(2013新课标全国卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _.Anot to do Bnot toCnot do Ddo not解析:选B句意:那个司机想把车停靠在路边,但是警察不允许他这样做。为了避免重复,常常省略与前文相同的部分,只保留不定式符号to。补充完
7、整后应为“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。解题技法指导掌握状语从句省略的一般规律,并尝试把省略句还原,确定动作是主动还是被动关系,确定是选择v.ing形式还是v.ed形式。典例(2012新课标全国卷)Film has a much shorter history, especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.Ahaving compared to Bcomparing toCcompare to Dcompared to分析句意:电影的
8、历史相当短,尤其是与像音乐和绘画这类艺术形式相比较时。主语film是compare这个动作的受动者,所以用过去分词表被动。故选D项。(二)反意疑问句和感叹句一、反意疑问句1陈述部分含有must/may/might的反意疑问句You must go now, neednt you?你现在必须走,是吗?You mustnt smoke here, must/may you?你不可以在此吸烟,行吗?You must/may/might be hungry now, arent you?你现在一定/可能饿了,是吗?You must have heard about it, havent you?你一定
9、听说过这件事了,对吗?You must have watched that football match last night, didnt you?你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了,是吗?(1)当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分用neednt;当含有mustnt(不允许、禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用must/may。(2)“must/may be”对现在的情况进行推测,按一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。(3)“must完成时”用来推测过去的动作,强调对现在的影响。句中没有表示过去时间的状语时,按现在完成时的附加疑问句处理;反之,按一般过去时的附加疑问句处理。2祈使句的反意疑问句Ope
10、n the door, will/wont you?打开门,好吗?Lets go out for a walk, shall we?我们出去散步,好吗?Let us go home now, will/wont you?现在,(您)让我们回家,好吗?规律总结 祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:(1)否定祈使句,will you?(2)肯定祈使句,will/wont you?(3)Lets .,shall we?(4)Let us .,will/wont you?3陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句He said that he would come to my birthd
11、ay party, didnt he?他说他要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?I dont believe he will succeed, will he?我认为他不会成功,会吗?Tom doesnt believe Jane will succeed, does he?汤姆不相信简会成功,对吗?(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分常和主句保持一致。(2)陈述部分的主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致;主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分与主
12、句的主语、谓语一致。注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。4陈述部分含有否定含义及否定词的反意疑问句He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?没有拐杖他几乎不能走路,是吗?Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesnt he?汤姆不喜欢打网球,是吗?Its unfair, isnt it?那不公平,是吗?1如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。2陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little,
13、nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。二、感叹句What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is!多聪明的孩子啊!What beautiful flowers these are!How beautiful these flowers are!这些花多美啊!What sweet water it is!这水可真甜呀!How fast he is running!他跑得真快!感叹句的基本构成形式(1)What(a/an)形容词名词主语谓语!(2)How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语!(3)How形容词/副词主语
14、谓语!考点一 反意疑问句1(2012江苏高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _?Ais thereBisnt thereCis he Disnt he解析:选A陈述部分中含有表示否定意义的词little,所以简短问句用肯定形式,首先排除B、D两项;陈述部分为there be句型,故简短问句应用is there,故选A项。2(2011重庆高考)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _? Acould he Bdidnt ICdidnt you
15、 Dcould they解析:选B 句意:我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快,不是吗? 在反意疑问句中,若陈述部分是一个主从复合句, 附加疑问句一般要与主句一致。 本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“ I told them .”, 故答案选B项。 考点二 感叹句3(2011辽宁高考)_ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before.AWhich BWhatCHow DWhether解析:选B句意:多么奇怪的植物啊!我以前从没见过。此处为“Whata/an adj. n. it is/was”的省略结构,故B项正确。1(2014合肥一中模拟)Every s
16、wimmer wants to be a champion swimmer. If you _, youve got to start young.Ado BwantCwant to Dwant to be解析:选D句意表明“如果你想成为游泳冠军,你必须从小开始(训练)。”完整的if从句为:If you want to be a champion swimmer,此处省略了a champion swimmer,当不定式后有be时,be不可省略。2(2014南京模拟)The old store enjoys a good reputation in this area.Cant agree mo
17、re.There are very few, _, complaints about their service.Aif any Bif soCif anything Dif ever解析:选A句意:“在这个地区,那个老商店享有良好的声誉。”“非常同意。对他们的服务的抱怨如果有的话,也是很少的”。if any“若有的话”,符合语境。3(2014北京西城模拟)A person, when _, can often do what is normally beyond his ability.Achallenged BchallengesCchallenging Dto challenge解析:选
18、A句意:当一个人遇到挑战时,他往往能做超越他能力的事情。时间状语从句补充完整为“when he is challenged”。4(2014安徽名校联考)What a pity that you didnt attend Janes wedding!I intended _, but you know my little son is always attached to me.Ato Bto haveCto be Dto attend解析:选B句意:“你没有参加简的婚礼,真遗憾!”“我本打算参加的,但你知道我的小儿子总是粘着我。”根据语意可知,此处表示过去本打算做某事而未做,因此应用inten
19、d to have done。在不定式中,用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的重复部分,但当省略的不定式中有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后要保留have或be。5(2014厦门适应性考试)Mr. Wang must have watched the film So Young last night,_?Amustnt he Bhasnt heCdidnt he Dneednt he解析:选C句意:王先生昨天晚上肯定看过了电影致我们终将逝去的青春,是吧?如情态动词musthave done表对过去的推测且有明显的表示过去的时间状语时,用did构成反意疑问句;根据反意疑问句中的
20、前肯后否原则,所以答案为C。6(2014齐鲁名校联合测试)Nothing that you say can change his mind,_?Ado you Bdont youCcan it Dcant it解析:选C句意:你说什么都不可能改变他的主意,难道不是吗?当陈述部分的主语是不定代词something, nothing等时,反意疑问部分的主语要用it。句中的Nothing是表示否定含义的词,疑问部分用肯定形式,再根据谓语can可知反意疑问部分应用can it。7(2014徐州质量检测)I dont think Linda could have done such a stupid t
21、hing last night,_?Ado I Bdidnt sheCdid she Ddont I 解析:选C在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分是“I dont think/suppose/expect/believe等宾语从句”结构时,附加问句应与从句一致,同时要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。分析本题的句子结构可知应选C。8(2014温州模拟)_these brochures among the tourists before you leave, will you?AHaving distributed BTo distributeCDistribute DDistributing解析:选C句意:在你离开前把这些小册子分发给游客们,好吗?根据will you可知,空处应填动词原形构成祈使句,选C。