1、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句分两种：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与先行词的关系十分密切，对先行词起修饰或限定的作用，是句子不可缺少的成分，限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只对先行词起补充或说明的作用，即使去掉非限制性定语从句，句意仍然完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词之间要有逗号。译成汉语时，可译成两句话（that不能引导非限制性定语从句）We will spend this summer in Kunming, where it is warm in winter and cool in summer.我们要在昆明度过这
2、个夏天，那里冬天暖和，夏天凉爽。I was born in 1949, when our motherland was founded. 我1949年出生， 我们祖国成立的那年。His wife, who works in Qingdao, will be back home tomorrow. 他太太在青岛工作，明天就要回家了。注：1. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句表达的含义不同I chose the books which have pictures in them. 我只选了有插图的书。I chose the books ，which have pictures in them. 这
3、些书都有插图，我全都选了。His brother who is 18 is a soldier. 他十八岁的弟弟是个士兵。（不只一个弟弟）His brother， who is 18， is a soldier. 他的弟弟十八岁，是个士兵。（只有一个弟弟）2. which 引导非限制性定语从句时，which可代表主句所表达的整个内容，或者部分内容，这时which 可译“这一点”。which等于and this 或者 and that.。which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。Which引导的定语从句只能放在句末，有时表示“不尽如人意的事情”The boy failed to pass the c
4、ollege entrance examination, which disappointed his parents.那男孩没考上大学，这使得他的父母很失望。Her child died in an fire, which drove her mad. 她孩子在火灾中去世，这使她疯了。3. as 也可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句所表达的整个内容，as 可译成“正如”, as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 As 引导的从句可以放在句首，句中或句末As we all know, Yantai is famous for apples,Yantai is famous for apples, a
5、s we all know.Yantai, as is well-known, is famous for apples . 众所周知，烟台苹果闻名。对比：As is well-known, Yantai is famous for apples, 众所周知，烟台苹果闻名。It is well-known that Yantai is famous for apples.对比：As is reported, the talks between the two countries are making progress, 正如报道的那样， 两国间的会谈正在取得进展。It is reported
6、that the talk between the two countries are making progress, 据报道两国间的会谈正在取得进展。 常用的as 固定短语：as is said mentioned above 正如以上所说 提到的as is often the case 像一般情况一样as it happened 碰巧as it is 就如现在的这个样子as we can see 正如我们所能看见的as the saying goes runs says 俗话说注：1.定语从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词一致They respect me ,who am their tea
7、cher.我是他们的老师，他们很尊重我。He is only one of the students who have cell phones.他是有手机的学生中的一个。He is the only one of the students who has a cell phone.他是学生中唯一有手机的。2. 在下列情况下只能用 that, 不用which1) 先行词又两个， 一个是人，一个是物We talked about the persons and things that we remembered at school . 我们谈论了我们所能记起的在学校里的人和事。2）先行词被形容词的
8、最高级或被序数词修饰The tallest building that they have built is 100 meters tall, 他们建的最高楼是100米。The second book that the writer wrote was popular with young people. 那个作家写的第二本书很受年轻人的喜欢。3) 先行词被very、last、only、all、 no、 few、 little、 much等修饰 The only thing that I could do at that time was wait. 那时我所能做的是等。You can cho
9、ose any jewel that you like,. 你可以挑选你喜欢的任何一件首饰。4） 先行词是不定代词 all、 anything 、something、 little、 much等Much that I have read is about anti-terrorism. 我读的很多是反恐题材的。The doctors did all that they could to save the patient . 医生尽其所能救那病人。5） that 作表语China is not the country that she used to be. 中国不是以前的中国了。对比：Chin
10、a is not what she used to be. 中国不是以前的中国了。6） 在who which 引导的特殊疑问句中 （以避免重复）Which is the jewel that you like best ? 哪件首饰是你最喜欢的？7）在there is here is it is 句型中Ms Wang, here are the materials that you want. 王小姐，这是你要的材料。3. which 、that 、whom 在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略The girl (whom that ) his son will marry is very prett
11、y. 他儿子要娶的女孩很漂亮。The pinetrees (that which ) we planted last year are growing fine. 我们去年栽的松树长势很好。I want a person (whom that ) I can play with 我需要一个和我玩的人。4.)先行词是不定代词all, any, everything, anything, nothing ,something, much, little, few, none ,the one 等时Much that I have read is about anti-terrorism.我读的很多
12、事反恐题材的。The doctor did all that they could to save the patient.医生尽其所能救那病人。5)that 作表语 China is not the country that she used to be.中国不是以前的中国了。对比：China is not what she used to be . 中国不是以前的中国了。6) 在who /which 引导的 特殊疑问句中（以避免重复）which is the jewel / that you like best?哪件首饰是你最喜欢的？7）在there is / here is /it is
13、 句型中Ms Wang, here are the materials that you want.王小姐，这是你要的材料。3. which / that / whom 在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略The girl (whom/ that) his son will marry is very pretty.他儿子要娶的女孩很漂亮。The pinetrees(that /which) we planted last year are growing fine.我们去年载的松树长势很好。4. 当which ,whom 在定语从句中做介词宾语时，介词可以提到which 、 whom 前面。但做介词
14、时，介词不可以提到that 前面 4.当which whom在定语从句中做介词时，介词可以提到which whom前面，但that做介词宾语时，介词不可以提到that 前面This is the house which Lao She once lived in. that Lao She once lived in. where Lao She once lived. 这是老舍的故居。He is the man _ I worked with _ I worked _ I work with 他是与我共事的人。注：1.并不是所有含有介绍的动词短语中的介词都可以提到which 、whom 前边
15、。如果将动词短语中的介词提前，短语的意思改变了，介词的意思改变了，介词就不可以提前，如：look after , look for 等固定短语中的介词就不可以提到 which， whom前面。2. 下列句子也可以使介词提到which ,whom 前的情况，多用于非限制性定语从句中he used to lived in an old house, in front of which stood a big tree.他过去住在一所老房子里，那个房子前面有一颗大树。The box ,on the top of which there is a bottle, is full of historic
16、al books. 那个箱子上有个瓶子，箱子里全是历史.We came to a hill , at the foot of which flowed a stream. 我们来到一座小山，山脚下流淌着一条小溪。5.注意下列句子中的不同句子结构：he has two daughters, both of whom are doctors. , of whom both are doctors. and both of them are doctors. 他有两个女儿，都是医生。The Chinese team won 16 gold medals, 12 of which were won b
17、y women. ,of which 12 were won by women.but 12 of them were won by women.中国队赢了16块金牌，但其中12块是女子得的。China has thousands of islands, the biggest of which is Taiwan. , of which the biggest is Taiwan. and the biggest of them is Taiwan.中国有数以千计的岛屿，最大的是台湾岛。6. 在there be 句型中关系代词可以省略we must make full of the time
18、 （that ）there is before the examination.我们必须充分利用考前所有的时间。This is the only bus （that） there is to our village . 这是开往我们村唯一的公共汽车。7.先行词前有such , the same ,as many, as much , not so many, not so much 修饰时，要as 引导定语从句。As 也是关系代词，在从句中做主语，表语，宾语 I will go to the library and borrow such a book as you borrowed yest
19、erday. 我们要到图书馆去借你昨天借的那样一本书。Dont trust such men as praise you to your face.不要信任当面吹捧你的那种人。As many people as were present at the conference were for the plan. 出席会议的人都同意那个计划。He has not so much money as people think.他没有人们认为的有那么多的钱。注：1. 先行词被the same 修饰时，后面的定语从句既可以修饰时，后面的定语从句既可以用that也可以as， 但是他们的意思有所不同，比较下列
20、句子：This is the same watch as I lost yesterday. But it is not mine.这表与我昨天丢的是同样的，但那不是我的。（as 表示“同样的”）This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. It is mine.这表与我 昨天丢的是同一块表，那是我的。（that 表示“同一个”）2.注意下列两个句子中such . as 与such . that引导的不同从句He is such a learned man as I admire.他是我敬佩的有学问的人。such a learned man tha
21、t I admired him.他是那么有学问的人我敬佩他。He is so learned a man as I admire . 他是我敬佩的有学问的人。 So learned a man that I admire him. 他是那么有学问的人，我敬佩他。8.way “方式，方法”，后接定语从句一般不用引导词，有时用that或in which None of us know the way (that/ in which)he worked out the maths problem.我们没人知道他解那道数学的方法。The blind girl could play the piano
22、the way her teacher played.那个盲女孩能用她老师演奏钢琴的方法演奏。但在下列句子中way （方式，方法）后的定语从句仍然要用that 或 which。Would you like to show us again the way that / which you used just now?请你把刚才使用的方法给我们展示一下吗？（缺少宾语）9.定语从句一般总是用在先行词后面，但有时定语从句和先行词之间插了一个短语等，这种定语从句称为分隔性定语从句。The film brought the hours back to us when we grew up togethe
23、r.这个电影使我们回想起我们一起成长的时光。I was the only person in my office who was invited to the ball.我是办公室中唯一被邀请去参加舞会的人。10有些定语从句的结构是很复杂的。要从句子成分上好好分析。1）。定语从句里有插入语The scientist has made some discoveries, which I believe are of great importance.那个科学家有一些发现，我相信这些发现是很重要的。It was in the village where he was born that he in
24、vested in building an advanced school.是在他出生的村庄里他投资建立了一所高级学校。It was in 1949, when our motherland was founded, that he joined the PLA.那是1949年，我们祖国成立的那年他参军的。The villagers talked about the great trouble that the old man had in building the school.村民们谈起那个老人建立学校的困难。The use that you make of your spare time
25、 matters.你如何利用你的业余时间很重要。The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.经理们讨论了他们想看到下一年实行的计划。【课后拓展练习】伴你学P15-17体验高考1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses_ are built close to each other.(2011山东)A. they B. where C. what D. that2. She has a gift for crea
26、ting an atmosphere_ allows her students to communicate freely with each other.(2011福建)A. which B. where C. what D. who3. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station_ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海)A. which B. where C. when D. as4. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day hav
27、e a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont .(2006全国)A. who ; B. ; who C. who; who D. 5. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who B. where C. when D. which6. Thats the new machine_ parts are two small to
28、 be seen.A. that B. which C. whose D. what7. The old temple_ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.A. where B. which C. its D. whose8. The prize will go to the writer_ story shows the most imagination.A. that B. which C. whose D. what9. The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light
29、green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.A. that B. it C. what D. which10.The man pulled out a gold watch,_ were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which11. He showed the visitors around the museum, the co
30、nstruction_ had taken more than 3 years.A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which12. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time13.The
31、girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_ she would stay for an hour.A. where B. who C. which D. what14.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_ life has been developed gradually.A. that B. where C. which D. whose15. A bank is the p
32、lace_ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.A. when B. that C. where D. there16. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity_ sight matters more than hearing.A. when B. whose C. which D. where 17.Its helpful to put children in a situ
33、ation_ they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 18.Life is like a long race_ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where19.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the la
34、w.A. where B. when C. who D. which20.After graduation she reached a point in her career_ she needed to decide what to do.A. that B. what C. which D. where 21.Shell never forget her stay there_ she found her son who had gone missing 2 years before.A. that B. which C. where D. when22.We are living in
35、an age_ many things are done on computer.A. which B. that C. whose D. when23.We went through a period_ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which 24.Is this the reason_ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he
36、explained C. how he explained D. why he explained25.As a child, Jack studied in a village school,_ is named after his grandfather.A. which B. where C. what D. that26. Leftovers may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for 2 or 3 weeks.A. which B. when C. where D. while27.Between the two parts
37、 of the concert is an interval,_ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which 28.The school shop ,_ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.A. which B. whose C. when D. where29.Whenever I met her,_ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. who B. wh
38、ich C. when D. that 30. Ted came for the weekend, wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,_ is a stupid thing in such weather.A. this B. that C. when D. which31. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,_ of course, made all the others upset.A. who B. which C. what D. that32.The Beatle
39、s,_ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. what B. that C. how C. as33. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As34. I travelled to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day,_ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianj
40、in city.A. as B. which C. when D. though35. Mary is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_ evening dress.A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn36. He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholarship in 3 years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been37.The thought of go
41、ing back home was_ kept him happy while he was working abroad.A. that B. all that C. all what D. which38. I refused to accept the blame fro something_ was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what39. Do you have anything to say for yourselves?-Yes, there s one point_ we must insist on.A. why
42、B. where C. how D. 40.The house I grew up_ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which41. Wind power is an ancient source of energy_ we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 42. Villagers here depend on the fi
43、shing industry, _ there wont be much work.A. where B. that C. by which D. without which 43. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread any further, _ New York is an example.A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 44. Gun control is a subject_ Americans have argued for a long
44、 time.A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 45. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University.A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 46.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in
45、the direction_ she had come.A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which47.Samuel survived when the car_ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.A. where B. that C. as D. why48. She brought with her 3 friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these49. T
46、he settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of_ left their village homes for a better life in the city.A. whom B. which C. them D. those50. Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently.A. who B. whom C. which D. that51. English is a language shared by several diver
47、se cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently.A. which B. what C. them D. those52. What surprised me was not what he said but_ he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 53. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which【自我反思】