1、2013届高三广东北师大版英语一轮复习学案：M1 unit 3 celebration（2）8. individual, personal与private 这三个词都有“个人的”的意思,但侧重点 不一样。individual强调集体中的个体,意为“个别的、 独特的、个体的”,与“普遍的、集体的”相对; She has her own individual way of walking. 她有自己独特的走路姿势。personal意为“人身的、个人的、亲自的、 直接的、本人的”,强调“与他人无关的”; personal opinion 个人意见 personal affairs 私事 person
2、al letter 私人信件 personal attack 人身攻击 personal belief 个人信仰 personal interview 直接的谈话private强调“私人的、私有的、私用的、不便 公开的”,与“公共的、公有的、公开的”相对。 private car 私人汽车 private talk 私底下的谈话9. trick v.&n. 欺骗 She was tricked at the market and lost 300 yuan on the deal. 她在市场上被骗,交易中亏了300元。The police tricked him into making a c
3、onfession.警察哄骗他做了招认。Her partner tried to trick her out of her share.她的合伙人企图骗走她的股份。play a trick / joke on sb. 与某人开玩笑These children loved playing tricks on their teacher.孩子们喜欢捉弄老师。10. as well, too, also与either as well, too, also, either 这四个词都有“也”的 意思。但用法不同,试看下面的句子作比较： I write my own songs and I play t
4、he guitar as well. They got the work done quickly, and well too. Tom has been to Japan, I have also been there. If you do not go, I shall not go either.从以上几个例句当中我们可以发现：从意义上讲,它们没有太大的差别,关键是它们在句中的位置不相同。as well一般用于句尾,常与and搭配使用。 Nursing is a vocation and a profession as well.too一般放在句尾,而且常用逗号与前面的句子 分开,一般用
5、于肯定句中。 In this shop, you will find many interesting items, too.also与too词义相同,但通常用于动词之前或者 系动词之后,且通常不置于句末。 She is fluent in French and German. She also speaks a little Italian. either与too的意义和用法基本相同,但是通常 只能用于否定句中。 You dont like tea. I dont like it, either.【温馨提示】 as well as也可以表示“也,还,又”,但是它只用来连接两个并列的成分。如果
6、as well as连接的两个并列成分在句中作主语,谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致。 It is valuable for you as well as for me.as well as在此连接for you和for me两个并列成分。 He grows roses as well as tomatoes. 如果as well as 连接的两个并列成分在句中作主语,谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致。Peter as well as his parents is going to visit Beijing.Peter, with his parents, is going to visit B
7、eijing.Peter and his parents are going to visit Beijing.注意以上三句话的单复数形式。用as well, either, too, also填空Is Tom coming _ ?Id like a piece of cake, and a glass of water _.He likes to listen to jazz, _ .He was _ asked to attend the meeting.If you dont come tomorrow, I wont do it, _.I knew that you took a pa
8、rt-time job _.as welltooalsoas welleitheras well1. It is said that句型小结 有一类汉语句子不出现主语,在英语中一般使 用被动语态,这类句型一般用在新闻报纸等公 文中,类似的结构还有： It is reported that据报道 It is believed that有人相信 It is expected that人们期望 It is hoped that人们希望It is supposed that据推测说It is thought that人们认为It must be admitted that必须承认It must be
9、pointed out that必须指出It is well known that众所周知It is generally considered that大家认为这些句型也有其变体：It is said that+从句=People say that+从句=Sth. / Sb.(从句中的主语) is said to be / doPeople believe that an English duchess, Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford first introduced the idea of afternoon tea. (M1U1)It is believ
10、ed that an English duchess, Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford first introduce the idea of afternoon tea.如果报道的内容中的动作在报道之前就已经存在,那么在句型转换的时候时态应该变成完成时态。 It is said that Robert has come today, but I dont know where he is. People say Robert has come, but I dont know where he is. Robert is said to have come,
11、 but I dont know where he is.It is believed that=People believe that=Sth. / Sb. is believed to be / doIt is reported that=Someone reports that=Sth. / Sb. is reported to be / doIt is expected that=People expect that=Sth. / Sb. is expected to be / doIt is hoped that=People hope that=Sth. / Sb. is hope
12、d to be / doIt is supposed that=People suppose that=Sth. / Sb. is supposed to be / doIt is thought that=People think that=Sth. / Sb. is thought to be / do据报道,大约100多人在这次事故中丧生。 _ _众所周知,他是我们学校一个非常负责任的老师。 _ _It is reported that more than 100 people lost their lives in this accident.It is well known that
13、 he is a very responsible teacher in our school.大家认为除非是走投无路,一般情况下动物是不 会袭击人的。 _ _It is generally considered that an animal will not attack human being unless it is cornered.2. If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding, you can go with him / her, even if you dont receive an invitation yourself. 如果你的
14、朋友收到一份参加婚礼的邀请， 就算你自己没有收到邀请，你也可以跟他/她 一起去。 even if在句中引导让步状语从句,意为“即 使”,相当于even though。Even if / though I have to sell my house, Ill keepmy business going.即使要卖掉我的房子,我还是要继续我的事业。3. while用法小结while可作从属连词,表示“当的时候”。 它只能表示一个时间段,不能表示时间点,这时, 在while引导的状语从句中,谓语多用进行时。 While Mary was writing a letter, the children w
15、ere playing outside. 当Mary在写信时，孩子们在外面玩。状语从句也可以以省略句的形式出现,状语一般是动词-ing形式或者介词短语。While crossing the street, you must be careful.穿过街道时你必须小心。While in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。While he was in Canada, he took a lot of pictures.当他在加拿大时他拍了很多照片。while用作从属连词,还可以表示“尽管,虽然”, 通常位于句首,引导一个让步状语从句,相当于 although / th
16、ough。 While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they can not be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问 题不能解决。while用作并列连词,连接两个并列句,表示比较 或者对比,意为“然而,但是”。 I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream. 我喜欢喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。 最后要注意的是：while还可以作为名词使用, 其意思相当于moment, 相关的短语有：for a while, in a while, after
17、 a while。 Please wait me for a while. 请等我一会。An old man _ (fall) while he _ (ride) his bicycle.他出去散步了，而我却待在家里。 _3我在看书时我的老师进来了。_fellwas ridingHe went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.While I was reading, my teacher came in. 简单句的扩展 句子的扩展，就是在名词前后加上前置或后置定语，在动词、形容词或副词前后加上适当的状语，或增加修饰整个句子的状语，等等。其目的是使结
18、构形式更饱满、内容表达更加清楚、语言表达更生动。练习句子的扩展，有助于循序渐进地实现由句到段的过渡。【例1】对The boy cried.(主语谓语)一句进行扩展，可得到： a. The small boy in_red_sweater cried. (画线部分为定语) b. Losing_sight_of_his_mother,_the small boy in red sweater cried in_the_crowded_street. (画线部分为状语)【例2】对We found the great hall full of students and teachers.(主语谓语宾语
19、补语)一句进行扩展，可得到： a. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening_to_an_important_report. (画线部分为定语) b. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made_by_a_comrade_from_the_Peoples_Daily_on_current_affairs_in_East_Europe. (画线部分为定语)【例3】对Peop
20、le are in favor of this phenomenon.(主语系动词表语)一句进行扩展，可得到： a. A majority of the people (who are) Involvedin the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon. (画线部分为定语) b. A majority of the people (who are) involved in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon saying that it can create a more comfort
21、able study environment for students. (画线部分为状语)简单句扩展后，增加了可读性，使读者知道了更多的信息，增强了感染力。按要求对下列句子进行拓展1. The woman handed me a magazine. (至少含有一个不定式短语，一个现在分词短语)_ In order to help me kill the time, the old woman sitting beside me handed me a magazine to read during the long boring journey.2. Students buy books.
22、(至少含有非谓语动词、介词短语和从句作定语)_The diligent students in our class often buy some books written in English on science, which are really well worth reading.3. Students work. (至少含有非谓语动词、介词短语和从句作状语)_ In order to improve their academic performance, students work hard in the classroom so they forget to go out after class.