1、单元写作指导写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 议论文的写作 一、体裁介绍 议论文是一种通过议论来表达自己的观点、立场和看法的文体。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。对于议论性的作文,要自然地形成主题、扩展和结尾这样的三段式结构。开头句往往是主题句,主题句要做到内容完整、概括性强、表达清楚、突出主题。一般来说,一篇议论文讨论的是一个主题,其焦点只有一个,要做到主题的统一性。其次,上下文的连贯性也很重要,要做到段落中的句子之间相互联系、相互依存、上下一体,也就是逻辑关系要一致。另外,适当地使用一些连接词和过渡词会增强段落的连贯性。议论文上下的连贯性离不开过渡性词语,过渡性词语的使用使文章更
2、加连贯、更具有逻辑性。议论文段落的基本结构:主题句(topic sentence)、阐述句(supporting sentence)和结尾句(concluding sentence)。主题句:包括段落的主题和中心思想,一般置于段首,偶尔也置于段中或段末,并不是所有的段落都有主题句,有的段落其中心是暗示的。阐述句:通过具体而有说服力的事实来展开主题。结尾句:是对段落的概括总结或是对主题的评论和建议。写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 写作时应注意:1.议论文的一般结构是:提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。2.英语议论文时态较为统一,多用现在时;强调语言表达的客观性;尽可能指明信息来源。3.常用虚
3、拟语气、让步状语从句和情态动词can,could,may,might,would,should等。4.常用although,though,in spite of,despite,however,on the other hand,also,moreover,finally等过渡词。写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 二、技巧点拨 1.英语议论文写作四步法:议论文就是摆事实、讲道理,并要求通过多方面的分析,把道理说通、说透。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。第一步:介绍话题,提出论点。给出一些历史背景或个人材料。例如:Everyone knows that.众所周知 第二步:从正方角度展开辩
4、论。给出实例,证明论点。They point out the fact that.他们指出这一事实。第三步:从反方角度展开辩论。给出实例,证明论点。However,other people stand on a different ground.然而,其他人站在不同的立场上 They consider it.to do.他们认为做 写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 第四步:发表自己的观点。In my opinion.依照我的观点 After all the things are considered,I believe that.从各个方面考虑,我认为 2.常见的议论文过渡词有:(1)表
5、示增加的过渡词:also,and,and then,too,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,again,on top of that,another,first,second,third等。(2)表示时间顺序的过渡词:now,then,before,after,afterwards,earlier,later,immediately,soon,next,in a few days,gradually,suddenly,finally等。写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练(3)表示空间顺序的过渡词:near(to),far(from),in front of,
6、behind,beside,beyond,above,below,to the right/left,around,outside等。(4)表示比较的过渡词:in the same way,just like,just as等。(5)表示对照和让步的过渡词:but,still,yet,however,on the other hand,on the contrary,in spite of,even though等。(6)表示结果和原因的过渡词:because,since,so,as a result,therefore,then,thus,otherwise等。(7)表示目的的过渡词:for
7、 this reason,for this purpose,so that等。(8)表示强调的过渡词:in fact,indeed,surely,necessarily,certainly,without any doubt,truly,aboveall等。写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练(9)表示解释说明的过渡词:for example,in fact,in this case等。(10)表示总结的过渡词:finally,at last,in conclusion,as I have shown,in other words,in brief,in short,in general,o
8、n the whole,as has been stated等。写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 1.First/Firstly,Second/Secondly,Then,Next,After that,Afterwards,Last/Lastly/Finally.2.Some people believe/argue/recognize/think that.3.Everyone knows that.4.It seems obvious to me that.5.People hold different views/ideas about.6.As for me,I agree t
9、o the former/latter idea.7.In my opinion/view,as far as I know,in conclusion,in short,at last,in other words.写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 The topic of (主题)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two kinds of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favourite.They hold their view for the reas
10、on of (支持A的理由1).What is more,(理由2).Moreover (理由3).But others think that B is a better choice for the following three reasons.Firstly,(支持B的理由1).Secondly,(理由2).Finally,(理由3).From my point of view,I think (我的观点).The reason is that (原因).As a matter of fact,there are some other reasons to explain my choi
11、ce.For me,the former is surely a wise choice.写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 假定你是某中学学生李华。最近,你班同学正在参加一个讨论会。本次讨论的话题是:父母的收入有没有必要让孩子知道?请根据下表所列情况给某报社写一封信,客观地介绍一下讨论的情况。大约 70%的同学认为 大约 30%的同学认为 父母的收入应该让孩子知道。父母的收入没有必要让孩子知道。知道父母的收入后,知其来之不易,能更加努力地学习。如果知道父母收入较好,会助长乱花钱的风气。知道父母的收入后,可以理解他们的艰辛,学会节省,为他们分忧。知道父母的收入后,会以为不用努力也能靠父母,
12、影响学习。写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 注意:1.信的开头已为你写好,不计入总词数;2.词数:100左右。Dear editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether we should know our parents income.写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 参考范文:Dear editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether we should k
13、now our parents income.We do have different opinions on this matter.About 70%of the students think we should know our parents income for the following reasons.First,it will help us understand how hard our parents have to work,no matter how much they earn.Second,we will study harder and will not wast
14、e money any more.Furthermore,we may also learn to share our parents trouble.写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练 However,about 30%of my classmates hold the opinion that it is unnecessary to let the children know how much their parents earn.Their reasons are as follows.For one thing,if they know their parents have enough money to support the family,they may not study hard.For another,if they do know about it,they will not worry about the future and may easily form a habit of wasting money,especially when they know their parents have a relatively high income.Yours,Li Hua 写作指导 常用句型 写作模板 针对训练