1、2015-2016学年高中英语同步导学案：Unit 3 Computer（学生版）（人教新课标必修2）The Three Laws of Robotics 1.A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2.A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3.A
2、robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. 机器人三原则1.机器人绝不能伤害任何人或因怠工而造成对人的伤害。 2.在不违反第一条的情况下,不得违抗人的命令。 3.在不违反一二条定律的情况下,可以进行自卫。学习目标（一）掌握本单元的重点单词和短语。（二）了解计算机和机器人的历史和基本知识。（三）语法：现在完成时的被动语态。（四）学会做决定和推理的基本语言。学习策略通过自主探究，小组合作，巩固词汇，增强阅读能力，了解计
3、算机、机器人等现代科技。预习案一.写出下列词汇：1.算盘 2.简化 3.合逻辑的 4.人造的 5.私人的 6.应用 7.计算 8.探索 总数9.技术 10.智力 11.总的12.电子的二.找出以下短语：1)和有共同点 2)把和比较 3)根据 4)计算出，解决 5)把按顺序排列 6)听起来简单 7)作为的开始 8)在那时 9)解决问题 10)随着时间的推移 11)结果 12)与连接 13) 和分享 14) 和，而且 15)提供给某人某物 16) 充满 17) 一种高质量的生活 18)一个忠诚的朋友 19）从起 20）在的帮助下 21）处理，对付 22) 看守，监视 三.翻译句子1. I begi
4、n as a calculating machine in France in 1642.2. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as analytical machine by Charles Babbage.3. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.4. And my memory beca
5、me so large that even I couldnt believe it.5.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.6. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.探究案学习目标：掌握本单元重点单词、短语和句型。一 重点单词1. calculate （v.） 计算，核算，推测，估计1) It is impossible to calculate what influence he had o
6、n her life_2) 我们还没有确切地计算出度假要花多少钱。_常用词组：calculate on= depend on 指望calculator (n.)计算器 calculation (n.)计算calculating (adj.)斤斤计较个人得失的，自私的2. personally （adv.） 就个人而论1) 就我个人来说，我是反对他的建议的。 _2)她不喜欢这个计划，但我本人觉得还可以接受。_3. totally（adv.）= completely 完全地，全部地，整个地1) 那个镇子在地震中完全被毁了。_2) 他们来自完全不同的文化。_total（adj.）全部的 in tot
7、al 总计The repairs came to over 500 yuan in total. 修理费总共500元。4. signal （n.）信号，暗号（v.）发信号，打暗号1)红灯常被用作危险的信号。_2)小偷用信号警告同伴警察来了。_5. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.anyhow=anyway 无论如何, 反正，即使如此1）反正，这辆二手车是值得买的。_2）Its possible that Im not fit to be a teacher just as you say, but
8、 _,Ill have a try.A. somehow B. anyway C. therefore D. otherwise二 重点短语1. in common 共同的(地), 共有的(地) 常与have连用have nothing in common 无共同之处have little in common 几乎无共同之处have something in common 有一些共同之处have a lot in common 有许多共同之处1) You know, Mary, you and I have one thing in common. _2) 我突然感觉到我们有很多共同点。_2.
9、 as a result 结果；终于；因此1)结果，他只得放弃。_2) My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; _, he could neither eat nor sleep.A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise3. compare with 翻译：1) Compare this one with that one.2) We often compare children to the nations flowers. 【归纳用法】compare A _ B
10、把A与B比较compare A _ B 把A比作B注意：当compare的过去分词短语作状语时，与with或to搭配都表示“与相比”e.g ：_（与其他许多同学相比较）, you are very lucky.4. make up 编造，补足，化妆，组成理解：指出各句中划线部分的意思。(1)Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medical team. _(2)The student made up an excuse for his being late. _(3)The girl makes herself up in the morning.
11、_(4) He soon made up for the lessons he had missed. _注意：作“组成”时,常用被动结构be made up of (由组成)Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medial team. =The medial team _ five doctors and ten nurses.5. deal with 处理，对付，涉及1)我不知道如何来对付这些淘气的男孩。_2)你应该认真地处理这个问题。_注意：deal with与do with在表示“处理”这一意思时，deal with与how连用，而do wi
12、th与what连用。3) Last summer he taught us _poisonous(有毒的) gas.A. how did we deal with B. what did we deal withC. how we dealt with D. what we dealt with6. watch over看守，监视，保护，留神，照管，照料1)我度假时你能帮我照料我的狗吗？_2)请你去游泳吧，我来照管这些衣服。_联想: watch out (for) = look out (for) 警惕、密切注意7. In 1963 my real father, Alan Turing, w
13、rote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.注意： 主动形式make sb. do sth.被动形式sb. be made to do sth.1) My parents have always made me_good about myself.(feel/to feel)2)The black workers were made_the heavy work in those days. (do/to do
14、)8.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.share sth. with sb. 和某人分享、分担某事1) Its always better to _your worries and problems.A. enjoy B. share C. like D. appreciate2）如果你能让我搭车(give me a lift)，我将和你分担费用。_9in a way 在某种程度上；从某一角度看(相当于in one/some way)。_ 从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练
15、。(P23)归纳拓展(1)_ 在某种程度上 (2)_the way挡住去路；碍事、妨碍(3)_ ones way to在去的路上 (4)_the way在途中(5)_the way顺便说(问) (6)_way of通过、经由。(7)_this way通过这种办法 (8)_no way决不(9) way无论如何,不管怎样 练一练用way的相关短语填空。 Perhaps he should have said nothing，but _ it was his duty. Im sorry but your leg is _. I got caught in the heavy rain _ hom
16、e.三 重点句型1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as analytical machine by Charles Babbage.“ It took/was +一段时间+ before从句” 意为 “过后才”1）过了五小时我们才到达村庄。_2）The research will take Joan and Jack about five months, it will be a long time _we meet them again. A. after B.
17、 before C. since D. when 2. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it.句型：so that“如此以致于”引导结果状语从句(1) so + adj/adv+that从句(2) so + adj+ a/an+单数名词+that从句(3) so + many/much/few/lit
18、tle+名词+that从句拓展：such that“如此以致于”也可以引导结果状语从句(1)such +a/an+ adj+单数可数名词+that从句(2) such + adj+复数可数名词+that从句(3) such +不复数名词+that从句考例1 The weather was _ cold that I didnt like to leave my room. A. really B. such C. too D. so考例2 I havent seen Ann for _ long that Ive forgotten what she looks like. A. such B
19、. very C. so D. too考例3 She is_ a lovely girl that we all like her.A. such B. very C. so D. too考例4 She was in _ a hurry that she forgot the ticket.A. such B. very C. so D. too注意：与 tooto 句型的相互转换He is too old to carry the box.=He is _old _ he cant carry the box.=He is_an old man _ he cant carry the box
20、.四语法：现在完成时的被动语态（一）概念【观察与思考】1.Our classroom has been cleaned，so you neednt clean it now.2.The letters have not been typed by now.3.Have the clothes been washed?（二）现在完成时被动语态的构成 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式和否定式的构成_（三）现在完成时的被动语态的用法1表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。如：The door has been locked门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）2在过去发
21、生的一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long.？”句型中。这台机器已经使用了三年了。The machine _ for 3 years.这部车修了多长时间了？How long_ the car _?（四）使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题1现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 _和_，两者缺一不可。He has repaired the computer. Have they painted the door?_ _2注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。(1)一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结
22、果对现在没有影响；(2)而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：_这房子是去年建造的。_这房子已经建好了。3非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。How long has this dictionary been borrowed？()(换动词keep)_4. 副词的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly等副词通常置于have/ha
23、s和been的中间。如：Such a man has been hardly believed. ()正:_5短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：The police have looked into the problem._检测案一Choose the best answer according to the sentences.1.My brother works at the power station that _ in my hometown.A. has set up B. has been set up C. was s
24、et up D. is set up2.-_ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told3. - How long _ at this job?- Since 1990.A. were you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employed D. will you be employed4.When to go for the holiday _ yet. A. is not decided B. was
25、 not decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided5. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has6. Great changes_ in my hometown and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been s
26、et up D. took place; will set up 7. Its said that this book_ into Chinese. A. had translated B. has translated C. was translated D. has been translated 8. Have you ever_ to the exhibition which _for three weeks? A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted二Ther
27、e is a mistake in each sentence, can you find it out and correct it?1. A personal computer has bought. 2. Sailing races will be hold on the lake tomorrow.3. Children will not be allow to make a noise in the museum.4. Many problems has been found with our new computer.5. The computer has used every d
28、ay since we bought it. 6. A lot of e-mails had been written in the past 5 years. 三. 书面表达.根据以下内容，用英语写一篇短文.题目：Life in the future1. 人们可能到火星(Mars)和其它星球(planet)上度假。2. 科学家可能会生活在海底进行研究。3. 每家都有可视电话(videophones)。4. 孩子们可在家通过电视和广播(radio)接受教育。5. 机器人(robot)为你做家务。要求：词数，100字左右。可适当增加细节是行文连贯。Life in the futureSometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be like? _