1、2016年高考英语语法专题剖析 11.名词性从句 怎么考 在语法填空及短文改错中考查：名词性从句的句法功能及连接词考查，侧重考查what，that，whether，who，how的考查。怎么学 在平时的学习中，不死背语法条目，而在语境中认真体会，在理解句法功能的基础上，关注关连词的基本用法。怎么解 在理解上下文的基础上，弄清连接词在从句中所作的成分；思考其语法特征和语义特征，注意区分意义相近的关系词。.体验考向 用适当的从属连词填空。1.(2015江苏卷)_ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，wasborn is known to the public，but some
2、wont accept it.2.(2015湖南卷)You have to know _ youre going if youare to plan the best way of getting there.3.(2015北京卷)I truly believe _ beauty comes fromwithin.4.(2015北京卷)_ we understand things has a lot to dowith what we feel.5.(2015浙江卷)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure toinvestigate _ is below
3、the water surface.Often there arerocks or branches hidden in the water.答案 1.Where 句意：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。从句where Li Bai wasborn作该句子的主语。2.where 句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句，在从句中用作地点状语。3.that 句意：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用that。4.How 句意：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“_
4、 what we understandthings”为主语从句，结合句意可知要用how。5.what 句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。根据后面rocks and branches可知，此处要用what来引导。.语境感悟 完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵短文，体会名词性从句连接词的用法。I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came in
5、to my restaurant.Nobodyknew _1_ he was.We wondered _2_ he was so hungry.We were surprised _3_ hefinished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted _4_ the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked _5_ we would mind waiting for just a fewminutes.Then we were shocked to see _6_ he to
6、ok out a letter and a million-poundbank note.I asked Mr.Clements _7_ it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was truebecause two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought_8_ the gentleman showed them couldnt be a fake._9_ a gentleman with a million-pound bank note was in
7、rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all thepeople there.I really couldnt describe _10_ excited I was.答案 1.who who引导宾语从句，作从句中的表语。2.why why引导宾语从句。3.that 引导宾语从句，也可以省略。4.whether/if 引导宾语从句时，可以互换。5.whether/if 同4题解析。6.that 引导宾语从句，可以省略。7.whether/if 同4题解析。8.what 引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语。9.Why why引
8、导主语从句。10.how 以感叹句作宾语从句。.正反探究 1.【误】All what he did was for you.【正】What he did was for you.【正】All that he did was for you.解 析 what 引 导 名 词 性 从 句，what 相 当 于the thingthat/the.that/all that 等，具体的意义要根据上下文确定。在名词性从句中，what 既有意义，又在从句中作一定的成分，而 that 无意义，且在从句中不作成分。2.(1)【误】They dont know if to go there.【正】They do
9、nt know whether to go there.(2)【误】It depends on if we have enough time.【正】It depends on whether we have enough time.解析 与 to do 不定式连用或作介词宾语时，连接词一般用whether，不用 if。3.【误】What we bought was some bananas.【正】What we bought were some bananas.解析 what 引导的从句作主语时，若表示复数概念，谓语动词则用复数形式。4.【误】Theres a fact that Englis
10、h is being accepted as animportant language.【正】Its a fact that English is being accepted as an importantlanguage.解析 It is a fact that.句型中，it 为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that 从句。it 不能换成 there。5.【误】He is late.Thats why he got up late this morning.【正】He is late.Thats because he got up late this morning.解 析 Thats wh
11、y.的原因；Thats because.那是因为。此处起床晚是迟到的原因，故用 Thats because.考点确认 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句句首，且从句使用陈述语序。一、名词性从句的引导词 引导词用法连词 that，whether，if等均不在句子中作成分。that没有意义，引导宾语从句时可以省略；whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换使用，但在其他名词性从句中只用whether连接代词what，who，whom，which，whatever，whoever，whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语
12、、表语或定语等成分连接副词when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等在从句中作状语The trouble is that we are short of money.He hasnt decided whether he will go there.Do you know who has got the first prize?What we need is more practice.Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.When he will go abr
13、oad hasnt been decided yet.No one knew why he made such a mistake.二、名词性从句的类别 1.主语从句(1)主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句谓语动词其他 That he passed the driving test made us very happy.Who will take over the company has not been decided yet.(2)it作形式主语，常见的结构有：Itbeadj.that从句；Itbe名词(词组)that从句；Itbe过去分词that从句；Itseem(appear
14、，happen等不及物动词)that从句 It is certain that you will pass the college entrance exam.It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.2.表语从句(1)表语从句跟在系动词后，构成：主语系动词表语从句 The beautiful views and the
15、 friendly people are what new comers like in SanFrancisco.(2)because引导表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。I think its because youre careless.He was ill.Thats why he was absent.(3)The reason why从句bethat从句 The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.(4)What从句bethat从句 What comforted the young mother was that
16、 the baby came to life.(5)It looks/seems as if/as though从句 It looks as if it is going to rain.3.宾语从句(1)主语及物动词宾语从句 主语动词介词宾语从句 He often thinks of how he can make his class vivid and lively.(2)it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。常用的谓语动词有：make，think，feel，find，consider等。I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.
17、(3)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。常见的有：like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate，see to等。I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.I would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.(4)否定转移：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上，主句的主语必须是第一人称I，we。I dont think your answers are righ
18、t.I dont believe she will attend the meeting.4.同位语从句(1)跟在名词后，对名词的内容给予说明。常见的名词有fact，idea，news，truth，hope，doubt，suggestion，belief，evidence等。The fact that she is good at English makes her the right person for the job.I have a feeling that one day we will succeed.(2)同位语从句与名词之间有时会出现插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句。Word came that our team had won the game.三、whatever，whoever，whichever的用法 whever引导名词性从句表示泛指，含有“任何”之意，有时也表示疑问；而what，who，which则表示特指意义。Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will bepunished.I believe whatever he told me.I believe what he told me.I dont know however he got the secret.