1、专题九 复合句 专题九 复合句 专题导读专题九 专题导读 所谓复合句，即指含有定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句的句子。这三种从句是湖南高考的必考点。1定语从句侧重考查：引导定语从句的关系代词(that,which，who,whom,whose,as)和关系副词(when,where,why)的基本用法；关系代词的省略；“介词whom/which”结构；易混易错的特殊定语从句的用法等。2名词性从句侧重考查：引导词的正确选用；名词性从句的语序；it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法；同位语从句与定语从句的区别以及名词性从句中的虚拟语气等。专题九 专题导读 3状语从句侧重考查：考查同类状语从句中近似连接词的用
2、法差异；whatever，whenever，wherever等与no matter wh的辨析；不同性质的从属连词在不同的语境中所表现的不同意义，例如as既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句等。解题小技巧 1分析整个句子的结构，弄清从句的种类，即是哪一种从句。2分析从句的句子成分，把握引导词在从句中的作用，即是否充当句子成分，充当什么句子成分。3分析语境，结合句子的逻辑意义做出正确判断。真题典例专题九 真题典例 1.2011湖南卷 Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of _ she spoke fluently.
3、Awho Bwhom Cwhich Dthat 【解析】C 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“all of _”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰指代物的“German,French and Russian”，故排除A、B两项，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故只能选C。专题九 真题典例 2.2011浙江卷 A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.Awhen Bthat Cwhere Dthere【解析】C 考查定语从句。句意：
4、银行是晴天时给你雨伞，下雨时收回雨伞的地方。由于从句结构完整，不缺少句子成分，所以先行词the place在从句中要充当地点状语，故使用关系副词where引导定语从句。专题九 真题典例 3.2011江西卷 She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _ had taken more than three years.Afor which Bwith which Cof which Dto which【解析】C 考查定语从句。句意：她带领游客参观了博物馆，这座博物馆的建造工程花费了三年多的时间。先行词为museum，of
5、which在从句中充当后置定语，修饰the construction。专题九 真题典例 4.2011湖南卷 Before a problem can be solved,it must be obvious _ the problem itself is.Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwhy 【解析】A 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，句中的it作形式主语，指代该空引导的主语从句。根据该空在主语从句中作is的表语可判断选A。that在名词性从句中不作成分，why在名词性从句中作状语，故均排除。专题九 真题典例 5.2011辽宁卷 When the news came _ the w
6、ar broke out,he decided to serve in the army.Asince Bwhich Cthat Dbecause【解析】C 考查名词性从句。句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去服兵役。“the war broke out”作the news的同位语从句，解释其具体的内容，从句不缺少成分，所以选择不充当任何成分又没有任何含义的that引导。故选C。专题九 真题典例 6.2011江苏卷 It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.Athat Bhow Cwhen Dwhy【解析】
7、D 考查名词性从句。句意：不知道为什么那个男的没有很快上报那次事故。该句中it作形式主语，why引导的句子作真正的主语。专题九 真题典例 7.2011湖南卷 Jack wasnt saying anything,but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever.Aas if Bin case Cwhile Dthough 【解析】A 考查状语从句。句意：杰克当时什么也没说，但老师冲着他微笑，好像他做了什么非常明智的事情一样。根据句意可判断选A。专题九 真题典例 8.2011重庆卷 To show our resp
8、ect,we usually have to take our gloves off_we are to shake hands with.Awhichever Bwhenever Cwhoever Dwherever【解析】C 句意：为了表示我们的敬意，无论我们与谁握手，通常都要摘掉手套。设空处后we are to shake hands with缺宾语，故排除B、D；shake hands with宾语为人，排除A。故选C。专题九 真题典例 9.2011四川卷 As it reported,it is 100 years _Qinghua University was founded.Aw
9、hen Bbefore Cafter Dsince【解析】D 考查状语从句。“it is/has been一段时间 since过去时”意为“自从以来有多长时间了。”专题九 真题典例 10.2011江西卷 Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon,or _ it is convenient to you.Awhenever Bhowever CWhichever Dwherever【解析】A 考查状语从句。句意：请今天下午或者在任何你方便的时候打电话给我的秘书安排会议。空格在后句中充当状语，根据语境可知是指时间。wh
10、enever无论何时；however无论如何；whichever无论哪一个；wherever 无论哪里。故选A。新题预测专题九 新题预测 1.Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations _ appear in the working world.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhy 【解析】C 句意：找到工作的年轻人也许会意识到大学的功课不足以应对工作中的所有情况。考查定语从句用法。先行词是the
11、 situations，代入定语从句后为：The situations appear in the working world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，故用that/which，且不可省略。专题九 新题预测 2.The famous scientist,_a dinner party will be held tonight,is to arrive soon.Ain honour of him Bin his honour Cin whose honour Din which honour【解析】C 句意：那位著名的科学家很快就要到了，为了表示对他的敬意今晚要举行一个宴会。in o
12、nes honour“为了纪念，为了向表示敬意”，whose引导定语从句作定语修饰scientist。专题九 新题预测 3.Mrs.Black took the police back to the same place _ she witnessed the robbery.Aas Bwhere Cthat Dwhen【解析】B 句意：布莱克夫人把警察带回到她目击了抢劫案的那个地方。the same place后的从句为定语从句，表地点时用where来引导，且在句中作状语，as和that均为关系代词，故选B。专题九 新题预测 4._is known to us all that the ol
13、d scientist,for _life was hard in the past,still works hard in his eighties.AIt；whom BAs；whom CAs；whose DWhat；whom【解析】A 句意：我们都知道，那位老科学家八十多岁的时候还在工作，对他来说过去的生活是艰苦的。it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；第二空whom引导定语从句修饰the old scientist。专题九 新题预测 5._the old mans sons wanted to know was _ the gold had been hidden.AThat;wha
14、t BWhat;where CWhat;that DWhat;if【解析】B what引导主语从句，what在从句中作宾语；where引导表语从句。专题九 新题预测 6.Living things are dying out quickly.First,we should ask_ destroying them in the past years.Awhat part people have been playing Bpeople have played in Cwhat part people have played in Dpeople have been playing what p
15、art【解析】C 宾语从句应用陈述语序，play a part in意为“在中扮演角色/起作用”。专题九 新题预测 7.He told us _ he had done.Athat all Ball what Call which Dwhat all【解析】B 句意：他把所做的事告诉了我们所有人。all 是us 的同位语，其后的 what 引导宾语从句。专题九 新题预测 8.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true _ it comes to classro
16、om tests.Aas Bsince Cwhen Dafter 【解析】C 句意：做作业是提高考分的一个可靠方法，这在涉及课堂测验时尤其正确。when it comes to是固定句型，意为“当谈到时；涉及”。专题九 新题预测 9.There is plenty of rain in the south_ there is little in the north.Awhile Bas Cwhen Dso【解析】A while意为“而，却”，表示两者的对比。专题九 新题预测 10.I have been keeping that photo _ I can see it every day,as it always reminds me of my college days.Awhich Bwhere Cwhether Dwhen【解析】B 句意：我一直把照片放在我每天都能看到的地方，因为它总使我回想起大学里的日子。考查由where引导的地点状语从句，表示“在地方”。