1、专题五 动词时态和语态 专题五 动词时态和语态 专题导读专题五 专题导读 动词的时态与语态是历年高考试题中考查最多的,其中主要集中考查动词的时态,有时也会考查语态或把时态、语态结合起来考查。在高考题中时态占的比例非常大,有的省市在一套题目中多达三个时态题。高考对被动语态的考查主要是及物动词的被动语态的应用。近几年的时态考查范围多集中在一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时以及过去完成时上。时态题多是以对话的形式或以提示词来提示时态的形式考查,如so far,before等提示词提示时态。专题五 专题导读 解题小技巧 死记时态规则是做时态题最失败的方法。通过对近几年高考试题的分析,我们发
2、现,时态题的考查有丰富的语言环境。做时态题要注意以下两点:1揣摩说话人所指的时间 这是我们在解决大多数高考时态题时要遵循的原则。我们知道,高考题几乎没有运用具体时间来体现时态的,时态是通过说话人的暗示来体现的。2准确判断动作和时间的关系。(即动作是在什么时间发生的)3重视时态标志 有很多题是有时态标志的,只是我们在解题时把这些标志忽略了,如so far是现在完成时的标志,before主要是完成时的标志等,有这些标志做辅助我们解题就容易多了。真题典例专题五 真题典例 1.2011江苏卷 Tommy is planning to buy a car.I know.By next month,he_
3、 enough for a used one.Asaves Bsaved Cwill save Dwill have saved【解析】D 句意:“Tommy正计划买车。”“我知道。到下个月为止,他能攒够钱买辆二手车了。”“by将来时间”后接将来完成时,故选D。专题五 真题典例 2.2011湖南卷 In 1492 Columbus _ on one of the Bahama Islands,but he mistook it for an island off India.Alands Blanded Chas landed Dhad landed 【解析】B 根据句中表示特定的过去时间“I
4、n 1492”可判断此空应用一般过去时态,即选B。专题五 真题典例 3.2011湖南卷 In the near future,more advances in the robot technology _ by scientists.Aare making Bare made Cwill make Dwill be made 【解析】D 根据句中表示将来的特定时间状语“in the near future”可判断此空用一般将来时态。根据句子主语more advances与make的被动关系可判断选D。专题五 真题典例 4.2011北京卷 Experiments of this kind _in
5、 both the US.and Europe well before the Second World War.Ahave conducted Bhave been conducted Chad conducted Dhad been conducted【解析】D 句意:第二次世界大战之前,这种实验就已经在美国和欧洲进行了。考查动词时态和语态。根据历史知识可知“the Second World War”发生在过去,那么“before the Second World War”就应该是过去的过去;另外还应该使用被动语态,故此选择D。专题五 真题典例 5.2011北京卷 Tom_ in the
6、library every night over the last three months.Aworks Bworked Chas been working Dhad been working【解析】C 句意:过去的三个月里,汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。考查动词时态辨析。根据时间状语every night over the last three months可知用现在完成进行时,故选C。专题五 真题典例 6.2011北京卷 Bob has gone to California.Oh,can you tell me when he _?Ahas left Bleft Cis leaving D
7、would leaving【解析】B 句意:“鲍勃已经去加利福尼亚了。”“噢,你能告诉我他什么时候离开的吗?”考查动词时态辨析。根据语境可知“Bob has gone to California”,所以“leave”动作应该发生在过去,故选B。专题五 真题典例 7.2011北京卷 That must have been a long trip.Yeah,it_ us a whole week to get there.Atakes Bhas taken Ctook Dwas taking【解析】C 句意:“那一定是一次长途旅行。”“是,到那儿花费我们整整一周时间。”考查动词时态辨析。根据第一句
8、话的must have been可知事情发生在过去,故选C。专题五 真题典例 8.2011山东卷 When I got on the bus,I _ I had left my wallet at home.A.was realizing Brealized Chave realized Dwould realize【解析】B 句意:当我坐上公共汽车时,我才意识到我把钱包忘在家里了。考查时态的用法。根据句意知when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动作和主句的谓语动作同时发生。故B项正确。专题五 真题典例 9.2011山东卷 She was surprised to find the fridge e
9、mpty;the child _ everything!Ahad been eating Bhad eaten Chave eaten Dhave been eating 【解析】B 句意:她惊奇地发现冰箱是空的。孩子们早把东西吃光了。考查时态。由句意可知孩子们“吃光东西”是发生在她“吃惊地发现”之前,而“吃惊地发现”用一般过去时,故“吃光东西”应为“过去的过去”,即过去完成时。故选B。专题五 真题典例 10.2011江西卷 We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _ into the office during th
10、e night.Abroke Bhad broken Chas broken Dwas breaking【解析】B 句意:我们在早晨到达工作地点时发现已经有人在前一天晚上闯进了办公室。考查动词的时态。根据句意用过去完成时。故选B。新题预测专题五 新题预测 1.As has been reported,more measures _to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible.Ahave taken Bare taking Cwill take Dwill be taken【解析】D 句意:就像所报道的那样,将会采取更多的措施
11、来尽快恢复衰退的经济。主语为more measures,谓语应该用被动形式。故选D。专题五 新题预测 2.Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No,I_ my homework all day yesterday.A.was doing Bwould do Chad done Ddo【解析】A 句意:“你读完简爱了吗?”“没有,我昨天一直做作业。”表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。题干中有all day yesterday,时间提示为过去,应该选择与过去相关的时态,排除D。B项为过去将来时,不符合题意,过去完成时是“过去的过去”,使用过去完成时
12、题目中需要有一般过去时,题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。专题五 新题预测 3.I _all my homework by the time you _ back.Awill have finished;come Bwill finish;come Cwill have finished;came Dhave finished;will come 【解析】A by the time通常和过去完成时或将来完成时连用,其引导的从句通常使用一般过去时或一般现在时。根据句意可知答案为A。专题五 新题预测 4.She never goes home until she _ out all her news
13、papers.Asells Bhad sold Cwill sell Dhas sold【解析】D 她把所有的报纸都卖出之后才回家。从句动作完成后主句动作才发生。专题五 新题预测 5.My brother _ here a week ago.What_ these days?Agot;did he do Bhas got;has he done Chad got;will he do Dgot;has he been doing 【解析】D 答话人意为:这些天他都在干什么?用现在完成进行时,强调动作的持续性。专题五 新题预测 6.It was until then that I came to
14、 know that knowledge _ only from practice.Ahas come Bcomes Ccame Dhad come 【解析】B knowledge comes from practice是客观真理,应用一般现在时。专题五 新题预测 7.Would you please tell me what the teacher said just now?She said that the earth _ around the sun.Atravels Btraveled Cwould travel Dwas traveling 【解析】A 宾语从句的时态通常要与主句的
15、时态保持一致,但从句表示客观真理时通常用一般现在时。专题五 新题预测 8.Is this the last exam we have to take this term?Yes,but there _ another test three months from now.Ahas Bis Cwas Dwill be 【解析】D three months from now是一个将来的时间,所以用将来时。专题五 新题预测 9.Oh,its you!I _to see you here.Where _these years?Adont expect;have you gone Bdidnt expe
16、ct;have you been Cam not expecting;went Dexpected;will you go 【解析】B I didnt expect to do sth.意为“我以前没有料到”。have been表示“去过某地(已回)”,have gone表示“到某地去了(未归)”,B项正合题意。专题五 新题预测 10.I hear you went to Japan last month.No,I_ there.Adid go Bhad never been Chave never been Dwas never【解析】C have been there是“去过那里”的意思,加上never表示否定。