1、Unit 5 Rhythm 语法篇 _1、状语从句（I）时间和让步2、状语从句（II）原因，结果和目的在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一部分作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步九类。一， 时间状语从句：主要由when, whenever, after, before, as, (ever)since, as soon as, (not) until, while, immediately, the moment等连词引导。1. when, while, as（当时）的用法区别
2、当主句谓语动词表示短暂动作，从句中的谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以互换。例：I got the news on the radio when/while as/ I was having breakfast. 当主，从句的谓语动词都表示非持续性动作，而且两个动作几乎同时发生时，不用while, 可用when和as。例：I met as/when I was getting off the bus.当从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，只能用when引导从句，不可用as或while。例：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.当
3、主句谓语动词是be doing/be about to do/had done时只能用when, when在此时相当于and at that moment就在那时。例：They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.当主、从句的动作同时发生时，或表示对比关系，用while。例：She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.as表示“随着”例：As time goes on
4、, its getting warmer and warmer.2. 表示“一就”的结构Hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan和as soon as例：I had hardly/scarcely got home, when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。例：Hardly/Scarcely had
5、 I got home when it began to rain.3. 比较until和tilluntil/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到为止”，主句必须为持续性动词。例：We shall wait until/till he comes.not until/till表示“直到才”，主句通常要用短暂性动词，这时until和till可用before代替。例：I didnt leave until/till/before she came back.当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语，谓语要使用倒装语序。例：Not until she stopped crying did I lea
6、ve.注意：until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。4. 名词词组引导的时间状语从句，如：every time（每次），the next time（下次），the moment（一就），the instant（一就），the second（一就），the day（那天）等。I didnt have a penny the last time I saw you.5. since和before的用法比较：两者均可用于“It + be+since/before+从句”的句型。区别是since表“自从以来”，其结构是：It is/has been some ti
7、me since sb. did sth.; It was some time since sb. had done sth.。而before的含义是“过了多久才”，结构是：It will be some time before sb. do(es) sth.; It was/had been some time before sb. did sth.。例：It is three years since he joined the army.二， 让步状语从句让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由although, though, as, while, ho
8、wever, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whetheror, no matter(who, what, etc), even if, even though等词或短语引导。although/though这两个词意思是一样，都意为“虽然，尽管”。although比though正式。although, though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用。而while突出主句和从句的对比。例：Although/Though he blames me, yet I w
9、ill trust him.even if, even though这两个词语气比though, although强，意为“即使”，两者可以通用。例：We wont be discouraged even if/though we fail ten times.however, whatever, whenever, wherever相当于no matter(how, what, when, where, etc)，这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.连词as同though一样，
10、也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。例：Children as he is, he knows a lot.三， 原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as, because, since, now(that), considering that, seeing that等。because, since, as, for的区别because语气最强，表示产生某结果的直接原因，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开，在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，只能用because。例：You shouldnt get angry only because s
11、ome people speak ill of you.since往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，语气比because弱。例：Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it. as表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as从句通常放在主句前。例：As you are unable to answer, perhaps we should ask someone else.for是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。The day breaks, for the birds
12、 are singing.注意：because不能与so连用now(that)（既然，因为），considering that, seeing that（鉴于的事实，考虑到），in that（在于，由于）例：Now (that) dinner is ready, go and wash your hands.四， 目的状语从句目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有so that, in order that, in case, for fear that等。in order that与so that表示“为了，以便，”一般放在主句之后，in order that也可放在
13、句首。从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。例：I will speak slowly so that you can understand.注意：当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。例：We got up early so that we would arrive in time.=We got up early so as to arrive in time.in case, for fear that都表示“以免，以防，唯恐”，含有否定意义。Better
14、 take more clothes in case the weather is cold.五， 结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that, sothat, suchthat等。结果状语从句经常至于主句之后。1. so that, such that。其中so that最为常用，so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中；such that可以连用，意思是“如此以至于”。例：What has happened that you look so worried?2. sothat如此以至于。其引导的结果状语从句有如下四种结构：so+形容词/副词+tha
15、t从句例：The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句例：It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.so+ many/few+复数名词+that从句例：I have had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.so+ much/little+不可数名词+that从句例：I had so little money then that I couldnt even aff
16、ord a used car.3. suchthat如此以至于。其引导的结果状语从句有以下三种结构：such+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.such+ 形容词+复数名词+that从句He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.提示：“such +a/an+形容词+单数名词”结构，可以和“so+ 形容词+a/an+ 单数名词”结构互换。例：He told us such a funny s
17、tory that we all laughed.=He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.注意：有些时间，地点，条件，方式或让步等状语从句中，如果谓语含有be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是be）省略掉。例1. Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.A. unlessB. whenC. even though D. so that 例 2. _ small, the company has about 1
18、.000 buyers in over 30 countries. A. As B. If C. Although D. Once 例3. The police officers in my city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if例4. After a year, doctors diagnosed him with a disease so rare _ it affects just one in 8 million children.
19、A. afterB. thatC. asD. since例5. （2019北京石景山高三第一学期期末）Are you free now? I have something interesting to tell you.OK, _ you make it short. You know, I am busy.A. now that B. as soon asC. every timeD. as long as基础演练一，选词填空。1. It was _(not until/until) midnight that he went back home after the experiment.2
20、. Youd better take down all the key points _(unless/while) the memory is still fresh in your mind.3. How can you expect to make progress _(before/when) you never listen in class?4. He smiled politely _(as if/though) Mary apologized for her drunken friends.5. I had hardly got to the office_(when/whil
21、e) my wife p _honed me to go back home at once.6. Scientists say it may be five or six years _(as/before) it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.7. _(While/Once/Until) I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.8. Hot _(as/whatever) the night air was, we sl
22、ept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.9. _(Since/Although/Because) he promised that he wouldnt be late, he didnt arrive until the end of the party.10. Dont you think the new job is a real challenge for Jack?Well, _(whichever/whatever) difficulties he meets, I believe he will nev
23、er lose heart.巩固提高二，单项选择。1. Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others.A. so thatB. no matter howC. as long asD. expect that2. （2019北京东城高三一模）Youd better prepare some candles at home _ the power fails.in winter.A. Even thoughB. in case C. as long asD. in order that3. （2019北京东城高三二模）_
24、 you know him well, you will find him easy to be around and thoughtful.A. HoweverB. ThoughC. Once D. Before4. （2019北京通州高三二模）The results of the voting will remain secret _ they are announced next Wednesday.A. untilB. unlessC. afterD. when5. （2019北京通州高三一模）_ you start eating in a healthier way, weight
25、control will become much easier.A. UnlessB. AlthoughC. BeforeD. Once一，单项选择。1. The number of people who _ English as a foreign language _ more than 750 million.A. learns; isB. learn; areC. learns; areD. learn; is2. Hiking is _ great fun. You will get close to _ nature and take exercise at the same ti
26、me.A. a; theB. a; 不填C. 不填；theD. 不填；不填3. The reason he could not go there was his grades were too low.A. why; becauseB. why; thatC. for which; whichD. for which; 不填4. All the villagers the fight against the big flood, young and old, men and women.A. joined; includingB. joined in; containingC. joined
27、in; includingD. joined; containing5. When you finish, please put the book back it was.A. whereB. at whichC. the placeD. the place that6. Music is _just sound, it is a way of thinking.A. more thanB. no more thanC. onlyD. not more than7. He invited me to take part in the football game, but I watch it.
28、A. would rather toB. would ratherC. would preferD. had better8. After a long trip in a(n) country, youll find your greatly improved.A. English-speaking; spoken EnglishB. spoken English; English-speakingC. speaking-English; spoken EnglishD. spoken English; speaking-English9. There used to be no deer
29、in the forest, but now they are very in it.A. alive; commonB. living; usualC. live; ordinaryD. living; common10. He is really considering himself to these children of the poor mountain village.A. to devote; educatingB. devoting; educatingC. devoting; educateD. to devote; educate11. Tomorrow, lets ha
30、ve a swim first and then go fishing. . Ill call for you at your house at 9 a.m.A. Well, it dependsB. Thats a good pointC. Well, I dont knowD. Im afraid I dont agree12. He doesnt need to be present, ?A. does heB. needs heC. must heD. need he13. he says, I wont believe him since I know he is a big lia
31、r.A. No matter what B. whatever C. WhatD. Both A and B14. Cell phones make possible for us to talk to from anywhere.A. that; anybody B. it; anyone C. which; anyoneD. this; everyone15. Many large Russian cities, such as Chelybinsk and Irkutsk, have taken to protect their culture.A. measure B. steps C
32、. behaviorD. act_一，完形填空。Praises can really help others see themselves for their natural abilities and believe in what they are and what they can become. 46 , we must be very careful with the labels(称号), or they can backfire（产生反作用）on us. If a person is 47 identified(被等同于) with the same label, he may
33、_48 to believe that he only has worth as he lives up to that label. As often as possible we should praise specific（具体的）actions, 49 the words never and always. In this way we dont tie a person too 50 with a label. Here are some examples:Im 51 that you already have your homework done. Doesnt it make y
34、ou feel good when you work so 52 ? Rather than You always get your homework done on time. You are so 53 that you never have any problems with it, which gives him an 54 goal to reach. No one always gets his homework done on time without any 55 .That was so nice of you to 56 your ball with your little
35、 brother. You really made him happy. Rather than You always share your 57 . You are the most thoughtful（体贴人的）person I know. No one always shares, 58 does he have to. We 59 to know we are still good people, 60 we dont share 100% of the time and even when we have times we dont 61 helping others. Thank
36、 you for doing the dishes tonight, even though it wasnt your 62 . It means so much that you would do them for me. Rather than You are always _63 . You never let anyone _64_ when they need 65 . No one can always be all things to all people. If we give that kind of reputation（名誉）to live up to, we are
37、setting up someone to fail.1. A. ThusB. BesidesC. Therefore D. However2. A. occasionallyB. continuallyC. gradually D. definitely3. A. have B. objectC. come D. cause4. A. avoidingB. usingC. forgetting D. remembering5. A. attentivelyB. carefullyC. excitedlyD. closely6. A. impressedB. puzzledC. honored
38、D. dissatisfied7. A. fastB. bravelyC. hard D. hurriedly8. A. carelessB. smartC. open-mindedD. promising9. A. effectiveB. unimportantC. unnecessaryD. impossible10. A. tryB. support C. effort D. aid11. A. kick B. playC. exchangeD. share12. A. balls B. toysC. opinions D. losses13. A. nor B. eitherC. ha
39、rdlyD. only14. A. wantB. needC. mean D. get15. A. in caseB. as ifC. even ifD. as though16. A. seem like B. look likeC. would like D. feel like17. A. time B. turnC. dishesD. rights18. A. servingB. givingC. doing D. encouraging19. A. out B. in C. up D. down20. A. workB. somethingC. help D. people二，写作。假如你叫李华，你校高三同学正在开展一场讨论，讨论的主题是：高三学生要不要参加体育锻炼？请你根据以下信息，给China Daily报社写一封信，介绍讨论的情况。注意：1）开头已为你写好 2）字数100-120左右60%的学生认为 40% 的学生认为1）应该每天进行体育锻炼2）可以做早操、打篮球等。但时间不要太长3）锻炼能增强体质，减少疾病。1）锻炼浪费时间。2）锻炼使人疲劳。3）运动后很兴奋，不能集中精力学习。Dear Editor, I am writing to tell you about the discussion._
