1、2016年高考英语增分策略（一）阅读理解 4.主旨大意 考试说明指出：任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，通过这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么即文章的主题，亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种：1The best title/headline for this passage is _.2The passage(or the first paragr
2、aph)is mainly about_.3What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?4Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?5The passage chiefly discusses/deals with_.6Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?7The passage mainly tells us that_.8The
3、 main idea of the first/second/third.paragraph probably is _.9Whats the first/second/third.paragraph concerned with?10What does the writer try to express in Paragraph.?1归纳要点抓大意。适用于没有明显的主题句的文章或段落。2从段落中抓大意。适用于主题句位于文章或段落中间类型的文章。3读首句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在开头的文章，如说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道。4读尾句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在段/篇尾的文章。1概括不够(多表
4、现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小)2过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)3以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意找主题句的四个小窍门段落中出现表转折的词语(如 however，but，in fact，actually，while，on the contrary，in contrast 等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。表示总结或结论的话常有 therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion 等。(1)Life can be so won
5、derful，full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of challenges，setbacks(挫 折)and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desiresthat little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem，becaus
6、e when we go to change the way we do things，up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱)that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.(2)This tension between what we feel we can have and what were seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的)suffering，the anxiety we feel.This is where we
7、 usually think its easier to just give up.But were never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is usthe real us.Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that，you begin to feel a little“dead”inside because youre
8、dropping“you”(3)So，if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck，how do we break these patterns?(4)Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through todays challenges.(5)While，deep down，we know we can do it，our
9、 mindor the minds of those close to ususually says we cant.That isnt a reason to stop，its just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.Its all about starting simple and doing it now.(6)Decide and act before overthi
10、nking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release from the jail of your mind and youll be on your way.本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章旨在告诉我们在生活中遇到一些挑战与挫折时应该如何做才能打破束缚我们的模式，迎接挑战！段落大意题。题干中的 inferred from the first two paragraphs 说明是总结前两段的主旨大意，根据第一段中的 Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，h
11、opes and desires.our loved ones.和第二段中的 Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that，you begin to feel a little“dead”inside because youre dropping“you”可以推测，作者在这两段里主要是建议我们无论在什么情况下都要坚持自己的梦想。故选 C 项。C68It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should _.Aslow do
12、wn and live a simple lifeBbe careful when we choose to changeCstick to our dreams under any circumstancesDbe content with what we already have69What is the key to breaking the old patterns?ATo focus on every detail.BTo decide and take immediate action.CTo listen to those close to us.DTo think twice
13、before we act.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Decide and act before overthinking.可知B 项正确，D 项错误；根据倒数第二段中的.or the minds of those close to us.That isnt a reason to stop.可排除 C 项；A 项在文中没有提及。B70Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?AEscape from your punishment.BRealization of your
14、dreams.CFreedom from your tension.DReduction of your expectations.句意猜测题。根据最后一条建议 Decide and act before overthinking.(行动前不要犹豫不决)可知，要把自己从思想的束缚中解放出来。release 意为“解放”，与 freedom 同义。C71What does the author intend to tell us?AIts easier than we think to get what we want.BIts important to learn to accept sufferings in life.CIts impractical to change our way of thinking.DIts harder than we expect to follow a new course.写作意图题。作者在文中一直建议我们要打破思想束缚，不要因盲目听从与我们关系亲密的人的意见而轻易放弃自己的理想。只要我们觉得时机成熟就要果断地采取行动，这样我们才能迎接挑战，得到我们想要的。A12346dreamshopesdesiresWhat should we do to overcome