1、2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习题年级：高三 科目：英语(考试时间90分钟，满分100分)第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Making My Own BicycleIt was a Saturday morning. James and I were at the Bamboo Bicycle Club, ready for our bamboo bicycle building course.The first step was se
2、tting up the structure for holding the frame (骨架) in place. After that we were told to _1_ the bamboo to be of use, which was a delicate job. There were several things to _2_. Of course, finding pieces that were the color we wanted was just as important.The rest of the afternoon was spent _3_ each p
3、iece of the frame into the structure. Bamboo is fairly flexible, and this particular _4_ meant that some adjustments were really necessary. One problem lining up the two chains causes _5_ made our frame useless. Luckily, however, after some careful _6_, we confirmed that it was alright. There was ju
4、st enough space to fit a wheel.On Sunday morning we returned to the workshop to complete the final _7_. We began to tightly wrap each joint on the frame, to keep it _8_ with natural fibers kept in special glue. All that was left now was for it to dry. In a few hours we would be official members of t
5、he Bamboo Bicycle Club.Finally we finished our job. I couldnt wait to _9_ our bicycle to find out what it was really like to ride a bamboo bicycle. It felt just as _10_ as any bicycle, but softer and more relaxed. Now, every time I get on our bicycle, I cant help smiling. It reminds me of when James
6、 and I built it and makes me proud of myself.1. A. returnB. coverC. deliverD. select2. A. bring inB. watch forC. take overD. give away3. A. fixingB. changingC. leavingD. mixing4. A. angleB. positionC. qualityD. stage5. A. onlyB. almostC. seldomD. still6. A. checksB. requestsC. preparationsD. links7.
7、 A. reportB. commandC. judgementD. process8. A. smoothB. heavyC. firmD. slim9. A. chargeB. testC. seekD. equip10. A. complicatedB. accurateC. suitableD. capable第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mia rushed home and threw open the front door. Her m
8、other turned around, surprised that Mia was home from school so early. “I won first place in the art contest!” she said _11_ pride and raised her head, expecting praise. Though Mia _12_ (work) eagerly on her art submission for weeks, her mother wasnt sure _13_ he project involved. “Thats wonderful,
9、Mia! What was the subject of your art project?” her mother asked. Smiling from ear to ear, Mia handed over her artwork. It was a portrait of her mother.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In June2012, Chinas first manned deep-sea submersible (潜水器), Jiaolong, set a world di
10、ving record for submersibles of its kind by reaching a _14_ (deep) of 7,062 meters in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. In 2017, China successfully tested a submersible called Shenhai Yongshi, capable of diving 4,500 meters. _15_ much of Jiaolongs equipment was imported, about 95 percent of S
11、henhai Yongshi and all its core components _16_ (produce) domestically, said Xu Qinan, the chief designer of Jiaolong.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Nearly two decades_17_ (pass) since China sent the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Be
12、idou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), _18_ (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging _19_ (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve u
13、sers worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites _20_ (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATHE OLYMPIC STUDIES CENTREYOUR SOURCE OF REFERENCE FOR OLYMPIC KNOWLEDGEThe IOC Olympic Studies Centr
14、e is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge. Our mission is to share this knowledge with professionals and researchers through providing information, giving access to our unique collections, enabling research and stimulating intellectual exchange.As part of the IOC, we are uniquely plac
15、ed to collect and share the most up-to-date and accurate information on Olympism. Our collections include the IOC archives (档案), the official publications of the IOC and the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games as well as books, articles and journals.HERE TO HELPWhatever your interest in the Ol
16、ympic Movementacademic or professionalwe will help you find the information you need, quickly and easily. Were here to:Answer your questions: share factual and historical information, Games results and statisticsGive personalized guidance: help you find what you need in our extensive library and arc
17、hivesLend you books and publications, even internationallyGive you online access: to our electronic documentsAward research grants: to PhD students and established researchersConnect you to our network: of academic experts in Olympic studiesJoin the academic community interested in Olympic studiesOn
18、e of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.This worldwide community is mainly composed of over 40 Olympic Studies Centers and hundreds of individual schola
19、rs and university students working on academic projects related to the field of Olympic studies.Thanks to this regular exchange and the work conducted by the academics, we enrich the worlds Olympic knowledge, share new analysis on key topics related to the Olympic Movement and can provide guidance t
20、o universities wishing to launch initiatives on Olympic studies.Join our academic mailing listUniversity professors and researchers are invited to join our academic mailing list to be informed about our future activities and other updates concerning Olympic studies initiatives. To join, email us wit
21、h a brief description of your academic status and your full contact details.VISIT USYoull find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. Were open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas. You dont need an appointment to use the library and the stud
22、y rooms. If you would like to see the historical archives or need personal guidance to find your way around our collections, please fill out our visitor request form.21. The Olympic Studies Center mainly aims to _.A. give personalized guidanceB. provide resources on the OlympicsC. receive Olympic fa
23、ns across the worldD. update information on Olympism for officials22. What can be learned about the academic community?A. It is organized by Olympic officials.B. It launches projects at universities.C. It promotes academic exchanges.D. It provides electronic documents.23. If you want to visit the ce
24、nter, you have to _.A. fill out a visitor request formB. enter the Olympic MuseumC. make an appointmentD. arrive on workdaysBKylie Kirkpatrick was getting ready for work when her 9-year-old son, Ryan Kyote, burst into her bedroom. The Napa, California-based third-grader had just watched a news story
25、 about a kindergarten student in Indiana who was forced to return her school lunch because her account balance couldnt cover the meal.“Ryan was upset,” Kirkpatrick told TODAY Parents. “He said, Mom, how does something like this happen? Then he asked what he could do to help.”After a bit of brainstor
26、ming, Kyotepronounced “coyote”decided he would use six months worth of allowance he had saved up to pay off the lunch debt of his entire class at West Park Elementary School. The bill came up to $74.50.Though Kyote had been eyeballing a new pair of basketball sneakers this was far more important to
27、him. So, on May 24, he happily donated his six months of savings to the Napa Valley Unified School District food services department.“Ryan told them, Please let my friends know that they no longer owe any money,” Kirkpatrick recalled. “Lunch is his favorite part of the day and it broke his heart to
28、think that its a stressful time for some children.”The fourth-grader-to-be wanted his act of kindness to be unknown to others but his proud mother couldnt resist sharing a photo on Twitter, where it spread quickly.“Give this kid his money back. No child should be covering lunch debt for his class wi
29、th his allowance,” wrote one person. Added another: “Love this story. Special kid.”Practicing good deeds is nothing new for Kyote. “Ill go into the garage and Ryans bike is missing because he gave it to a friend in need,” Kirkpatrick, a sign-language interpreter, told TODAY Parents. “One time, a fri
30、end didnt have any shoes that fit, so Ryan gave him a pair of his own shoes.”Recently, an investor got wind of what Kyote had done for his classmates and he contacted Kirkpatrick. “He wanted to give Ryan money to put in his savings account,” she said.Kyote, who recently lost his father to ALS, had a
31、nother idea.“Ryan told the man to pay it forward,” Kirkpatrick said. “So he made a donation to the ALS Association. I cant even begin to tell you what that meant to Ryan. All he wants is to make the world a better place.”24. Instead of buying a new pair of sneakers, Ryan was more concerned about _.A
32、. his school lunchB. his account balanceC. his six months of savingsD. his classmates lunch debt25. What do we know about Ryan Kyote from the passage?A. He tried his best to help his friends in need.B. He couldnt resist sharing his photos on Twitter.C. He accepted a donation from the ALS Association
33、.D. He argued against negative reviews on social media.26. What does the story intend to tell us?A. Life is always tough for school children.B A kid can make a difference in the world.C. Social media can make young people popular.D. Friendship is an important part of being a youth.CAlthough it has b
34、een revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture wher
35、e farmers listen for water-starved crops.Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants pic
36、ked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could ev
37、en hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate.On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unst
38、ressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correct
39、ly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sounds intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example.Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field
40、of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too co
41、stly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.She warns that the results cant yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments t
42、o show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says.27. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that_.A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurtB. water-hungry to
43、mato plants are more sensible than tobacco plantsC. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being wateredD. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves28. What is Anne Visschers attitude towards the finding of the experiment?A. AppreciativeB. DoubtfulC. CautiousD.
44、Optimistic29. It can be learnt from the research that _.A. greenhouse effects can be avoidedB. soil condition can be adjusted in time.C plant condition can be diagnosed faster.D. insects can be detected and removed easily.30. What is the best title for the article?A. Plants Get Stressed Just Like Us
45、B. Plants Scream in Presence of StressC. Sounds of Plants Detected Far AwayD. Sounds of Plants Break Farmers HeartsDUpskilling is the futurebut it must work for everyoneAutomation and job replacement will be one of the most significant challenges for the global economy of the coming decades. A 2017
46、Mckinsey report established that 375 million workers will need to switch occupational categories by 2030. The World Economic Forum suggests that by 2022, automation will replace 75 million jobs globallybut create 133 million new ones.Research into the likelihood that a job will be impacted by digiti
47、zation has largely focused on the “automatability” of the role and the following economic regional and political effects of this. What this research doesnt take into account is something more important for the millions of taxi drivers and retail workers across the globe: their likelihood of being ab
48、le to change to another job that isnt automatable. Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across
49、divisions.In July, Amazon announced that it would spend $700 million retraining around 30% of its 300,000 US workforce. While praiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contrac
50、ts and part-time workersoften low-skilledwill miss out. Governance will be a crucial element of ensuring that such schemes focus on individuals and life-long learning, rather than upskilling workers into roles that will soon also face automation.According to the Mckinsey report, “growing awareness o
51、f the scale of the task ahead has yet to translate into action. Public spending on labour-force training and support has fallen for years in most member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development,” which impacts more than just the low-skilled and poorly compensated.The g
52、lobal impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world. Billions of people do not have the essentials of life as defined by the UN Sustainable Development goals.Alongside climate change, automation is
53、 arguably techs biggest challenge. As with globalization, governments and employersand us workersignore its potential consequences at risk to ourselves.31. It can be known from Paragraph 2 that .A. recent research has found ways to face automationB. broad skills are of great significance in changing
54、 jobsC. regional economy can affect the automatability of a jobD. it is even harder for workers to move up the social ladder32. What is the authors attitude towards retraining programs?A. Supportive.B. Critical.C. Skeptical.D. Sympathetic.33. According to the author, what is one consequence of autom
55、ation?A. Less spending on training.B. A slowdown of globalization.C. Social unrest and instability.D. An increase in income inequality.34. The passage is written to .A. argue the urgency of creating new jobsB. compare globalization with automationC. analyze the automatability of certain jobsD. stres
56、s the importance of upskilling workers第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Optimism Bias (偏见)While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If yo
57、u were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life. _35_This bias leads us to believe that we are less likely to suffer from misfortune and more likely to attain succ
58、ess than reality would suggest. We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average. _36_The optimism bias is essentially a mistaken belief that our chances of experiencing negative events are lower and our chances of experiencing positive events are hig
59、her than those of our peers. And this overly positive assumption doesnt mean that we have an overly sunny outlook on our own lives. _37_ People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on sunscreen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick
60、, get in an accident, or get skin cancer.Cognitive neuroscientist Tali Sharot, author of The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain, notes that this bias is widespread and can be seen in cultures all over the world. Sharot also suggests that while this optimism bias can at times le
61、ad to negative outcomes like foolishly engaging in risky behaviors or making poor choices about your health, it can also have its benefits. _38_ If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy. By believing that we will be succe
62、ssful, people are in fact more likely to be successful._39_ After all, if we didnt believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying? Optimists are also more likely to take measures to protect their health such as exercising, taking vitamins, and following a nutritious diet.A. O
63、ptimism also motivates us to pursue our goals.B. But we are also highly motivated to be so optimistic.C. But definitely not everyone is blessed with such luck.D. This is because your brain has a built-in optimism bias.E. It can also lead to poor decision-making, which can sometimes have disastrous r
64、esults.F. This optimism enhances well-being by creating a sense of anticipation about the future.G. Various causes may lead to the optimistic bias, including cognitive and motivational factors.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Digital Inclusion for Older Adul
65、tsAs a researcher in the behavior of older adults, I regularly hear complaints from them like, “Im just not part of this world anymore. In certain parts of society, I just cant join Some things just are not possible if you are not in the flow of the Internet.” or “We feel like were standing outside
66、a building that we have no access to.” Today, mastering digital technology has become a key component of what it means to fully participate in society. But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide.As a recent study shows, one-third of
67、adults aged 65 and older say theyve never used the Internet, and half dont have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone elses help to set up or use a new digital device.In contrast to concerns about technology use increasing isolation(孤立；隔离) among
68、 younger populations, the communication and connection possible online can be especially valuable for older adults who are homebound, live far away from family, or have lost the loved ones. Older adults can use online tools to connect with friends and family via messaging platforms, video chat, and
69、social media even if they can no longer physically visit them. And they can engage with the outside world through news, blogs, streaming platforms, and email, even if they are no longer able to move about as easily as they once could. For older adults in particular, the risks associated with social
70、isolation are profound. Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world access
71、ible to them. The importance of digital inclusion is not going to disappear with the generational changes of the coming decades. Technology is continuously developing, and with each new digital innovation come challenges for even younger adults to adapt.40. What prevents some older adults from conne
72、cting with society?41. What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 indicate?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline.43. Please briefly
73、present your opinion on digital inclusion. (about 40 words)第二节(20分)44. 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾人日(International Day of Persons with Disabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：1. 活动目的及安排；2. 邀请参加。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_YoursLi Hua2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习题年级：高三 科目：英语(考试时
74、间90分钟，满分100分)第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Making My Own BicycleIt was a Saturday morning. James and I were at the Bamboo Bicycle Club, ready for our bamboo bicycle building course.The first step was setting up the structure for holding t
75、he frame (骨架) in place. After that we were told to _1_ the bamboo to be of use which was a delicate job. There were several things to _2_. Of course, finding pieces that were the color we wanted was just as important.The rest of the afternoon was spent _3_ each piece of the frame into the structure.
76、 Bamboo is fairly flexible, and this particular _4_ meant that some adjustments were really necessary. One problem lining up the two chains causes _5_ made our frame useless. Luckily, however, after some careful _6_, we confirmed that it was alright. There was just enough space to fit a wheel.On Sun
77、day morning we returned to the workshop to complete the final _7_. We began to tightly wrap each joint on the frame, to keep it _8_ with natural fibers kept in special glue. All that was left now was for it to dry. In a few hours we would be official members of the Bamboo Bicycle Club.Finally we fin
78、ished our job. I couldnt wait to _9_ our bicycle to find out what it was really like to ride a bamboo bicycle. It felt just as _10_ as any bicycle, but softer and more relaxed. Now, every time I get on our bicycle, I cant help smiling. It reminds me of when James and I built it and makes me proud of
79、 myself.1. A. returnB. coverC. deliverD. select2. A. bring inB. watch forC. take overD. give away3. A. fixingB. changingC. leavingD. mixing4. A. angleB. positionC. qualityD. stage5. A. onlyB. almostC. seldomD. still6. A. checksB. requestsC. preparationsD. links7. A. reportB. commandC. judgementD. pr
80、ocess8. A. smoothB. heavyC. firmD. slim9. A. chargeB. testC. seekD. equip10. A. complicatedB. accurateC. suitableD. capable【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。一个星期六的早晨，作者和詹姆斯在竹制自行车俱乐部，准备他们的竹制自行车建造课程。文章讲述了制作过程和感受。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我们被告知要挑选可用的竹子，这是一项精细的工作。A. retu
81、rn返回；B. cover覆盖；C. deliver递送；D. select挑选。根据“to be of use”可知，此处是指挑选出可用的竹子。故选D。【2题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有几件事需要注意。A. bring in引进；B. watch for注意；C. take over接管；D. give away赠送。根据“which was a delicate job”可知，因为这个工作很精细，所以有几件事需要注意。故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午剩下的时间都用来固定框架的每一块到结构上。A. fixing固定；B. changing改变；C. leaving离开；D
82、. mixing混合。根据“each piece of the frame”和“into the structure”可知，此处是指固定框架的每一块到结构上。故选A。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：竹子是相当灵活的，这种特殊的质量意味着一些调整是非常必要的。A. angle角度；B. position位置；C. quality质量；D. stage舞台。根据“Bamboo is fairly flexible”可知，this是指竹子的特质。故选C。【5题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：连接这两条链子导致的一个问题几乎让我们的框架无用。A. only只有；B. almost几乎；C. seld
83、om很少；D. still仍然。根据“Luckily”可知，最后问题解决了，所以是几乎让我们的框架无用。故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，幸运的是，经过一些仔细的检查，我们确认它没有问题。A. checks检查；B. requests要求；C. preparations准备；D. links连接。根据“confirmed”可知，此处是指通过仔细的检查确认没有问题。故选A。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：周日上午，我们回到车间完成最后的工序。A. report报告；B. command命令；C. judgement判断；D. process工艺流程。根据“we returne
84、d to the workshop”可知，此处是指完成最后的工序。故选D。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们开始把每个连接处都紧紧地包裹在框架上，用天然纤维和特殊胶水粘合牢固。A. smooth光滑的；B. heavy沉重的；C. firm牢固的；D. slim苗条的。根据“We began to tightly wrap each joint on the frame”可知，此处是指把它粘牢。故选C。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想试试我们的自行车，看看骑一辆竹制自行车到底是什么感觉。A. charge充电；B. test测试；C. seek寻找；D. equip配
85、备。根据“to find out what it was really like to ride a bamboo bicycle”可知，此处是指试试自行车。故选B。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它感觉和任何自行车一样好用，但更柔软、更放松。A. complicated复杂的；B. accurate精确的；C. suitable适合的；D. capable有能力的。根据“as any bicycle”可知，这辆自行车虽然是竹子做的，但是和其它自行车一样好用。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的
86、单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mia rushed home and threw open the front door. Her mother turned around, surprised that Mia was home from school so early. “I won first place in the art contest!” she said _11_ pride and raised her head, expecting praise. Though Mia _12_ (work) eagerly on her art submissi
87、on for weeks, her mother wasnt sure _13_ he project involved. “Thats wonderful, Mia! What was the subject of your art project?” her mother asked. Smiling from ear to ear, Mia handed over her artwork. It was a portrait of her mother.【答案】11. with 12. had worked/worked 13. what【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，描述了米娅在艺术
88、比赛中得第一名（她的作品是一张妈妈的画像）后回到家告诉妈妈这一好消息时的情景。【11题详解】考查介词。句意：“我在艺术比赛中得了第一名！”她骄傲地说。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处需要用“with+抽象名词”作伴随状语，表示“骄傲地”，故填with。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：尽管米娅已经为她提交的这个艺术作品忙活了好几个星期，她的母亲却不知道她在忙什么。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，也可理解成动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，故填had worked/worked。【13题详解】考查宾语从句。句意同上，此处为宾语从句，从句中的involved缺少宾语，故填what。B阅读下面短文，根
89、据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In June2012, Chinas first manned deep-sea submersible (潜水器), Jiaolong, set a world diving record for submersibles of its kind by reaching a _14_ (deep) of 7,062 meters in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. In 2017, China successfully tested
90、 a submersible called Shenhai Yongshi, capable of diving 4,500 meters. _15_ much of Jiaolongs equipment was imported, about 95 percent of Shenhai Yongshi and all its core components _16_ (produce) domestically, said Xu Qinan, the chief designer of Jiaolong.【答案】14. depth 15. Though 16. were produced【
91、解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2012年6月，中国首艘载人深海潜水器“蛟龙号”在太平洋马里亚纳海沟下潜7062米，创造了同类潜水器下潜的世界纪录。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：2012年6月，中国首艘载人深海潜水器“蛟龙号”在太平洋马里亚纳海沟下潜7062米，创造了同类潜水器下潜的世界纪录。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语a depth of，意为“深”，满足句意要求，所以此处为名词depth的填入。故填depth。【15题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：“蛟龙”号的首席设计师徐启南说，虽然“蛟龙”号的大部分设备都是进口的，但“神海永世”的大约95%及其所有核心部件都是国内生产的。分析句子
92、可知，此处为连词Though表示“虽然”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填Though。【16题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：“蛟龙”号的首席设计师徐启南说，虽然“蛟龙”号的大部分设备都是进口的，但“神海永世”的大约95%及其所有核心部件都是国内生产的。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语components为复数名词和动词produce为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为过去时，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were produced。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Nearly
93、 two decades_17_ (pass) since China sent the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), _18_ (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging _19_ (s
94、ervice) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites _20_ (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit.【答案】17. have passed 18. forming 19. services 20. launched【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。
95、主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。【17题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合该句since可知，应为现在完成时，主语two decades为复数名词，所以为动词复数形式。故填have passed。18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，form和逻辑主语Beidou sate
96、llites为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填forming。【19题详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、授时和信息服务。根据句意以及上文“positioning, navigation, timing and messaging”可知，此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。【20题详解】考查with复合结构。句意：随着2019年12月16日又发射两颗北斗卫星，北斗系统在轨卫星总数达到53颗。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，所以其动词应为非谓语形式，launch和Beidou satellites为
97、被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填launched。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATHE OLYMPIC STUDIES CENTREYOUR SOURCE OF REFERENCE FOR OLYMPIC KNOWLEDGEThe IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge. Our mission is to share this k
98、nowledge with professionals and researchers through providing information, giving access to our unique collections, enabling research and stimulating intellectual exchange.As part of the IOC, we are uniquely placed to collect and share the most up-to-date and accurate information on Olympism. Our co
99、llections include the IOC archives (档案), the official publications of the IOC and the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games as well as books, articles and journals.HERE TO HELPWhatever your interest in the Olympic Movementacademic or professionalwe will help you find the information you need, qu
100、ickly and easily. Were here to:Answer your questions: share factual and historical information, Games results and statisticsGive personalized guidance: help you find what you need in our extensive library and archivesLend you books and publications, even internationallyGive you online access: to our
101、 electronic documentsAward research grants: to PhD students and established researchersConnect you to our network: of academic experts in Olympic studiesJoin the academic community interested in Olympic studiesOne of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and th
102、e international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.This worldwide community is mainly composed of over 40 Olympic Studies Centers and hundreds of individual scholars and university students working on academic projects related to the field of Olympic
103、studies.Thanks to this regular exchange and the work conducted by the academics, we enrich the worlds Olympic knowledge, share new analysis on key topics related to the Olympic Movement and can provide guidance to universities wishing to launch initiatives on Olympic studies.Join our academic mailin
104、g listUniversity professors and researchers are invited to join our academic mailing list to be informed about our future activities and other updates concerning Olympic studies initiatives. To join, email us with a brief description of your academic status and your full contact details.VISIT USYoul
105、l find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. Were open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas. You dont need an appointment to use the library and the study rooms. If you would like to see the historical archives or need personal guidance to f
106、ind your way around our collections, please fill out our visitor request form.21. The Olympic Studies Center mainly aims to _.A. give personalized guidanceB. provide resources on the OlympicsC. receive Olympic fans across the worldD. update information on Olympism for officials22. What can be learne
107、d about the academic community?A. It is organized by Olympic officials.B. It launches projects at universities.C. It promotes academic exchanges.D. It provides electronic documents.23. If you want to visit the center, you have to _.A. fill out a visitor request formB. enter the Olympic MuseumC. make
108、 an appointmentD. arrive on workdays【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍奥林匹克研究中心。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge.“国际奥委会奥林匹克研究中心是世界奥林匹克知识的参考来源。”由此可知，奥林匹克研究中心的主要目标是提供有关奥林匹克的资源。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Join the academic community
109、 interested in Olympic studies中One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.“我们的主要作用之一是促进国际奥委会和国际学术界之间的交流与合作，以促进研究和促进智力交流。”由此可知，关于学术界，它促进学术交流。故选C。【23题详解】推理
110、判断题。根据VISIT US中Youll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. Were open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas“我们就在瑞士洛桑奥林匹克博物馆隔壁。我们周一至周五上午9点至下午5点营业，公众假期和圣诞节除外。”由此可知，如果你想参观这个中心，你必须在工作日到达。故选D。BKylie Kirkpatrick was getting ready for work when
111、her 9-year-old son, Ryan Kyote, burst into her bedroom. The Napa, California-based third-grader had just watched a news story about a kindergarten student in Indiana who was forced to return her school lunch because her account balance couldnt cover the meal.“Ryan was upset,” Kirkpatrick told TODAY
112、Parents. “He said, Mom, how does something like this happen? Then he asked what he could do to help.”After a bit of brainstorming, Kyotepronounced “coyote”decided he would use six months worth of allowance he had saved up to pay off the lunch debt of his entire class at West Park Elementary School.
113、The bill came up to $74.50.Though Kyote had been eyeballing a new pair of basketball sneakers, this was far more important to him. So, on May 24, he happily donated his six months of savings to the Napa Valley Unified School District food services department.“Ryan told them, Please let my friends kn
114、ow that they no longer owe any money,” Kirkpatrick recalled. “Lunch is his favorite part of the day and it broke his heart to think that its a stressful time for some children.”The fourth-grader-to-be wanted his act of kindness to be unknown to others, but his proud mother couldnt resist sharing a p
115、hoto on Twitter, where it spread quickly.“Give this kid his money back. No child should be covering lunch debt for his class with his allowance,” wrote one person. Added another: “Love this story. Special kid.”Practicing good deeds is nothing new for Kyote. “Ill go into the garage and Ryans bike is
116、missing because he gave it to a friend in need,” Kirkpatrick, a sign-language interpreter, told TODAY Parents. “One time, a friend didnt have any shoes that fit, so Ryan gave him a pair of his own shoes.”Recently, an investor got wind of what Kyote had done for his classmates and he contacted Kirkpa
117、trick. “He wanted to give Ryan money to put in his savings account,” she said.Kyote, who recently lost his father to ALS, had another idea.“Ryan told the man to pay it forward,” Kirkpatrick said. “So he made a donation to the ALS Association. I cant even begin to tell you what that meant to Ryan. Al
118、l he wants is to make the world a better place.”24. Instead of buying a new pair of sneakers, Ryan was more concerned about _.A. his school lunchB. his account balanceC. his six months of savingsD. his classmates lunch debt25. What do we know about Ryan Kyote from the passage?A. He tried his best to
119、 help his friends in need.B. He couldnt resist sharing his photos on Twitter.C. He accepted a donation from the ALS Association.D. He argued against negative reviews on social media.26. What does the story intend to tell us?A. Life is always tough for school children.B. A kid can make a difference i
120、n the world.C. Social media can make young people popular.D. Friendship is an important part of being a youth.【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了9岁的瑞恩用他攒了6个月、准备用来买运动鞋的零用钱来支付全班同学的午餐费用，而且他还把自己的自行车送给了一个有需要的朋友，他这么做只是想让世界变得更加美好。24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“After a bit of brainstorming, Kyotepronounced “coyo
121、te”decided he would use six months worth of allowance he had saved up to pay off the lunch debt of his entire class at West Park Elementary School.”（经过一番头脑风暴，瑞恩乔特决定用他攒下的六个月的零花钱来支付西园小学全班同学的午餐费用。）以及第四段中“Though Kyote had been eyeballing a new pair of basketball sneakers, this was far more important to
122、him.”（虽然瑞恩乔特一直盯着一双新的篮球运动鞋，但这对他来说要重要得多。）可知，比起买一双新运动鞋，瑞恩更关心的是同学们的午餐费用。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“After a bit of brainstorming, Kyotepronounced “coyote”decided he would use six months worth of allowance he had saved up to pay off the lunch debt of his entire class at West Park Elementary School.”（经过一番头脑风
123、暴，瑞恩乔特决定用他攒下的六个月的零花钱来支付西园小学全班同学的午餐费用。）以及第八段中“Ill go into the garage and Ryans bike is missing because he gave it to a friend in need,”（我走进车库，瑞恩的自行车不见了，因为他把它给了一个需要的朋友。）可知，瑞恩总是尽力帮助有困难的朋友。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“All he wants is to make the world a better place.”（他只想让世界变得更美好。）可知，文章主要讲的是9岁的瑞恩用他攒了
124、6个月、准备用来买运动鞋的零用钱来支付全班同学的午餐费用，而且他还把自己的自行车送给了一个有需要的朋友，他这么做只是想让世界变得更加美好，由此可知，这篇文章是想告诉我们一个小孩的善行也会对世界产生重大影响。故选B项。CAlthough it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been
125、 recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies human
126、s cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metr
127、es away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate.On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants mad
128、e 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a m
129、achine-learning model to discriminate between the plants sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sounds intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sound
130、s than cut tobacco, for example.Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.“The suggesti
131、on that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.She warns that the results cant yet be broadened out to ot
132、her stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says.27. The experiment by rese
133、archers at Tel Aviv University shows that_.A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurtB. water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plantsC. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being wateredD. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protec
134、t themselves28. What is Anne Visschers attitude towards the finding of the experiment?A. AppreciativeB. DoubtfulC. CautiousD. Optimistic29. It can be learnt from the research that _.A. greenhouse effects can be avoidedB. soil condition can be adjusted in time.C. plant condition can be diagnosed fast
135、er.D. insects can be detected and removed easily.30. What is the best title for the article?A. Plants Get Stressed Just Like UsB. Plants Scream in Presence of StressC. Sounds of Plants Detected Far AwayD. Sounds of Plants Break Farmers Hearts【答案】27. B 28. C 29. C 30. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，一项研究表明，植物
136、在压力下会发出超声波叫声，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。【27题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11.”（平均来说，干旱压力下的番茄植株每小时发出35个声音，而烟草植株每小时发出11个声音。），可知缺水番茄比烟草更敏感，干旱条件下，番茄植株发声多。故选B项。【28题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“The suggestion that the sounds that drough
137、t-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation”（干旱压力下植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业的建议，如果在田间条件下设置录音成本不太高的话，这一建议似乎是可行的。）和最后一段中的“She warns that the results cant yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or t
138、emperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says.”（她警告说，研究结果还不能扩大到其他压力，如盐或温度，因为这些可能不会导致声音。此外，她还说，目前还没有实验证明
139、飞蛾或其他动物是否能听到并对植物发出的声音做出反应，所以这个想法目前仍然是推测性的。），可推断出Anne Visscher对实验的发现抱有谨慎的态度。故选C项。【29题详解】推理判断题。由第一段中的“But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-star
140、ved crops.”（但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。）和第五段中的“The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dr
141、yness or a cut, based on the sounds intensity and frequency.”（研究人员训练了一个机器学习模型来区分植物的声音和温室里的风、雨和其他噪音，根据声音的强度和频率，在大多数情况下正确地识别出压力是由干燥还是割伤引起的。），可推断出此研究可以帮助人们更快地诊断出植物状况。故选C项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers sa
142、y could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.”（但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。）和第二段“Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies hum
143、ans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.”（以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克哈伊特和他的同事们发现，番茄和烟草植物在缺水或茎被割下时发出的叫声频率是人类听不到的。），可知文章讲的是植物会在压力下发出人类听不到的超声波叫声，所以B选项“植物在压力下尖叫”，为短文最佳标题。故选B项。DUpskilling is the futurebut it must work for everyoneAutomation and job replacement will be one of the most
144、 significant challenges for the global economy of the coming decades. A 2017 Mckinsey report established that 375 million workers will need to switch occupational categories by 2030. The World Economic Forum suggests that by 2022, automation will replace 75 million jobs globallybut create 133 millio
145、n new ones.Research into the likelihood that a job will be impacted by digitization has largely focused on the “automatability” of the role and the following economic regional and political effects of this. What this research doesnt take into account is something more important for the millions of t
146、axi drivers and retail workers across the globe: their likelihood of being able to change to another job that isnt automatable. Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be
147、less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.In July, Amazon announced that it would spend $700 million retraining around 30% of its 300,000 US workforce. While praiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Schem
148、e has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workersoften low-skilledwill miss out. Governance will be a crucial element of ensuring that such schemes focus on individuals and life-long learning, rather than upskilling workers into roles that will soo
149、n also face automation.According to the Mckinsey report, “growing awareness of the scale of the task ahead has yet to translate into action. Public spending on labour-force training and support has fallen for years in most member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Developmen
150、t,” which impacts more than just the low-skilled and poorly compensated.The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world. Billions of people do not have the essentials of life as defined by
151、 the UN Sustainable Development goals.Alongside climate change, automation is arguably techs biggest challenge. As with globalization, governments and employersand us workersignore its potential consequences at risk to ourselves.31. It can be known from Paragraph 2 that .A. recent research has found
152、 ways to face automationB. broad skills are of great significance in changing jobsC. regional economy can affect the automatability of a jobD. it is even harder for workers to move up the social ladder32. What is the authors attitude towards retraining programs?A. Supportive.B. Critical.C. Skeptical
153、.D. Sympathetic.33. According to the author, what is one consequence of automation?A. Less spending on training.B. A slowdown of globalization.C. Social unrest and instability.D. An increase in income inequality.34. The passage is written to .A. argue the urgency of creating new jobsB. compare globa
154、lization with automationC. analyze the automatability of certain jobsD. stress the importance of upskilling workers【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D 34. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章说明了再培训项目存在的问题，指出除了气候变化，自动化可以说是科技面临的最大挑战。就像全球化一样，政府和雇主以及美国工人忽视了全球化对
155、我们自身的潜在影响。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.可知最近的研究表明，这个
156、问题的答案可能是，使工人能够在其目前的领域内晋升到更复杂的角色的技能，可能不如使工人能够跨部门转换的更广泛的技能重要。由此可知，广泛的技能在换工作中是非常重要的。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workersoften low-skilledwill miss out.可知在英国，国家再培训计划在很大程度上是由雇主主
157、导的，这意味着那些签订零时合同的人和兼职工人往往技能低下将会错过机会。由此可推知，作者对再培训计划持怀疑态度。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world.可知研究表明，1988年至2015年期间，世界各地收入不平等现象加剧，这也让自动化对全球的影响得到了缓解。由此可推知，作
158、者认为自动化的一个后果是收入不平等加剧。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题Upskilling is the futurebut it must work for everyone(技能提升是未来的趋势，但它必须适用于每个人)结合文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章说明了再培训项目存在的问题，指出除了气候变化，自动化可以说是科技面临的最大挑战。就像全球化一样，政府和雇主以及工人忽视了全球化对我们自身的潜在影响。由此可推知，这篇文章是为了强调提高工人技能的重要性。故选D
159、。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Optimism Bias (偏见)While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely y
160、ou are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life. _35_This bias leads us to believe that we are less likely to suffer from misfortune and more likely to attain success than reality would suggest. We be
161、lieve that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average. _36_The optimism bias is essentially a mistaken belief that our chances of experiencing negative events are lower and our chances of experiencing positive events are higher than those of our peers. And this
162、 overly positive assumption doesnt mean that we have an overly sunny outlook on our own lives. _37_ People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on sunscreen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin can
163、cer.Cognitive neuroscientist Tali Sharot, author of The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain, notes that this bias is widespread and can be seen in cultures all over the world. Sharot also suggests that while this optimism bias can at times lead to negative outcomes like foolishl
164、y engaging in risky behaviors or making poor choices about your health, it can also have its benefits. _38_ If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy. By believing that we will be successful, people are in fact more likely
165、 to be successful._39_ After all, if we didnt believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying? Optimists are also more likely to take measures to protect their health such as exercising, taking vitamins, and following a nutritious diet.A. Optimism also motivates us to pursue o
166、ur goals.B. But we are also highly motivated to be so optimistic.C. But definitely not everyone is blessed with such luck.D. This is because your brain has a built-in optimism bias.E. It can also lead to poor decision-making, which can sometimes have disastrous results.F. This optimism enhances well
167、-being by creating a sense of anticipation about the future.G. Various causes may lead to the optimistic bias, including cognitive and motivational factors.【答案】35. D 36. C 37. E 38. F 39. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕着乐观偏见展开，介绍了什么是乐观偏见以及乐观偏见的优缺点。【35题详解】根据上文While we often like to think of ourselves as high
168、ly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your
169、life.可知虽然我们通常认为自己是高度理性和逻辑性的，但研究人员发现，人类大脑有时过于乐观，不利于自身的健康。 如果你被要求估计你经历疾病、失业或事故的可能性，你可能会低估这些事件影响你生活的可能性。由此可知，本句承接上文，解释说明产生上述这种现象的原因。故D选项“这是因为你的大脑有一种内在的乐观偏见”符合上下文语境，故选D。【36题详解】根据上文We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average.可知我们相信我们会活得更久，我们会比一般人更成功。由
170、此可知，乐观偏见会让我们认为我们比其他人更幸运，本句则应当是表明不是每个人都这么幸运，与下文介绍乐观偏见的误区紧密联系。故C选项“但肯定不是每个人都有这样的运气”符合上下文语境，故选C。【37题详解】根据后文People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on sunscreen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin
171、 cancer.可知人们可能会跳过每年一次的体检，不系安全带，或者不涂防晒霜，因为他们错误地认为自己不太可能生病、出事故或得皮肤癌。由此可知，下文提到的不去体检，不系安全带以及不涂防晒霜就是乐观偏见导致的决策失误以及带来的一系列后果，故E选项“它还会导致错误的决策，有时会导致灾难性的结果”符合上下文语境，故选E。【38题详解】根据后文If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy.可知如果我们期待好事发生
172、，我们就更有可能快乐。这种乐观可以作为一种自我实现的预言。由此可知，上文已经从乐观偏见带来的弊端转到好处，那么本句则是具体解释了乐观偏见带来的好处。故F选项“这种乐观主义通过创造一种对未来的期待来增强幸福感”符合上下文语境，故选F。【39题详解】根据后文After all, if we didnt believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying?可知毕竟，如果我们不相信我们能成功，我们为什么还要去尝试呢？由此可知，首先要有一个乐观的心态，认为自己能够成功，才有信心去尝试。本段是在说明乐观会激励人们追求
173、目标。故A选项“乐观也会激励我们追求目标”符合上下文语境，故选A。第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Digital Inclusion for Older AdultsAs a researcher in the behavior of older adults, I regularly hear complaints from them like, “Im just not part of this world anymore. In certain parts of soci
174、ety, I just cant join Some things just are not possible if you are not in the flow of the Internet.” or “We feel like were standing outside a building that we have no access to.” Today, mastering digital technology has become a key component of what it means to fully participate in society. But one
175、area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide.As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say theyve never used the Internet, and half dont have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they
176、need someone elses help to set up or use a new digital device.In contrast to concerns about technology use increasing isolation(孤立；隔离) among younger populations, the communication and connection possible online can be especially valuable for older adults who are homebound, live far away from family,
177、 or have lost the loved ones. Older adults can use online tools to connect with friends and family via messaging platforms, video chat, and social media even if they can no longer physically visit them. And they can engage with the outside world through news, blogs, streaming platforms, and email, e
178、ven if they are no longer able to move about as easily as they once could. For older adults in particular, the risks associated with social isolation are profound. Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important t
179、ool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them. The importance of digital inclusion is not going to disappear with the generational changes of the coming decades. Technology is continuously deve
180、loping, and with each new digital innovation come challenges for even younger adults to adapt.40. What prevents some older adults from connecting with society?41. What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 indicate?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and ex
181、plain why.Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline.43. Please briefly present your opinion on digital inclusion. (about 40 words)【答案】40. The digital divide. 41. The problem of the digital divide among older adults is serious/ comm
182、on. 42. Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline.According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them. 43. 略【解析】【分
183、析】这是一篇说明文。今天，掌握数字技术已经成为全面参与社会的重要组成部分。但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。老年人中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重，作者认为我们需要用数字融入来帮助老年人使用数字技术融入社会，降低抑郁症和功能衰退的风险。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide.”（但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。）可知，数字鸿沟阻止了一
184、些老年人和社会建立联系。故答案为The digital divide.。【41题详解】考查推理判断。根据第三段“As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say theyve never used the Internet, and half dont have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone elses help to set up or use a new
185、 digital device.”（最近的一项研究显示，65岁及以上的成年人中，有三分之一的人说他们从未使用过互联网，有一半的人在家里无法上网。在使用互联网的人中，近一半的人说他们需要别人的帮助来安装或使用新的数字设备。）可知，第三段的数据表明在老人之中上网有困难的比例非常大，这就说明老人之中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重或普遍。故答案为The problem of the digital divide among older adults is serious/common.。【42题详解】考查推理判断。根据倒第二段第二句和第三句“Loneliness among older adults has
186、been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them.”（老年人中的孤独与抑郁、功能衰退和死亡有关。技术可以作为帮助降低这些风险的重要工具，但前
187、提是我们向老年人提供他们所需的技能，让他们能够进入数字世界。）可知，让老年人接触数字世界有助于减少抑郁症和功能衰退的风险，而不是从中恢复。所以“recover from”错误，应在此处画下划线。故答案为According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them.。【43题详解】考查开放性回答。回答问题时，需要简要表述考生
188、对数字融入的观点，注意答案字数应控制在40个单词左右。第二节(20分)44. 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾人日(International Day of Persons with Disabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：1. 活动目的及安排；2. 邀请参加。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear JimI am Li Hua, the monitor of Class 1, Senior 3 of Hongxi
189、ng High School. I am writing to invite you to participate in our upcoming event on International Day of Persons with Disabilities.Our class is organizing this event to raise awareness about the challenges faced by persons with disabilities and to show our support and care for them. The event will ta
190、ke place on December 3, 2023, starting at 9:00 a.m. and lasting until 5:00 p.m. We will begin with a short introduction to the history and purpose of the International Day of Persons with Disabilities.We believe that your participation would be beneficial to our event.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文
191、。假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾人日(International Day of Persons with Disabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加。【详解】1.词汇积累参加：participate intake part in活动：eventactivity提高：raisepromote目的：purposeaim2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：The event will take place on December 3, 2023, starting at 9:00 a.m. and lasting unti
192、l 5:00 p.m.拓展句：The event will take place on December 3, 2023, which starts at 9:00 a.m. and lasts until 5:00 p.m.【点睛】高分句型1 Our class is organizing this event to raise awareness about the challenges faced by persons with disabilities and to show our support and care for them. (运用了不定式to raise作目的状语以及过去分词faced作后置定语)高分句型2 We believe that your participation would be beneficial to our event. (运用了链接代词that引导的宾语从句)
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