1、过去分词作定语21He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a _ (慷慨的) contribution to help the community.(根据汉语意思填空)【答案】generous【详解】考查形容词。句意:他从叔父那里继承的钱并没有自私地留给自己。相反,他做出了慷慨的贡献来帮助社区。“慷慨的”译为generous,空后contribution为名词,应用形容词修饰,故填generous。220 percent of boys favor the
2、career of being a _(律师) and another 20 percent want to do business. (根据汉语意思填空)【答案】lawyer【详解】考查名词。句意:20%的男孩喜欢做律师的职业,另有20%的男孩想做生意。lawyer“律师”,可数名词,由不定冠词修饰,用单数,故填lawyer。3Perseverance is a kind of _(品质)and thats what it takes to do anything well. (根据汉语意思填空)【答案】quality【详解】考查名词。句意:毅力是一种品质,这是做好任何事情需要做的。分析句子
3、可知,空中的词作介词of的宾语,应用名词,故填quality。4They_(请求)us not to punish him. (根据汉语意思填空)【答案】begged【详解】考查动词以及时态。句意:他们请求我们不要惩罚他。主语后缺少谓语动词,请求是beg,描述的是过去的事情故用一般过去时。故填begged。5Tsinghua University, _(建立)in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (根据汉语意思填空)【答案】founded【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:清华大学创建于1911年,是一大批杰出人才的故乡
4、。“建立”译为found,主语Tsinghua University与found之间存在被动关系,时间状语为in 1911,已完成。应用过去分词形式表被动完成,故填founded。6Its understandable, but if youre_ (愿意)to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.(根据汉语意思填空)【答案】willing【详解】考查形容词。句意:这是可以理解的,但如果你愿意在一段关系中再次建立信任,我们有一些步骤可以让你达到那个目标。根据汉
5、语意思“愿意”以及上文youre,可知应填形容词willing,作表语。故填willing。7They succeeded in _ (逃脱) from the burning building by breaking down the door. (根据汉语意思填空)【答案】escaping【详解】考查动名词。句意:他们成功地从燃烧的大楼里逃了出来,破门而入。 介词后接动名词作宾语,故填escaping。8The government _ (奖赏) him for saving the old man in the well.(根据汉语意思填空)【答案】rewarded【详解】考查动词时态。
6、句意:他因救了井里的老人而受到政府嘉奖。根据汉语意思“奖赏”可知应填动词reward,作谓语,且结合语境可知应用一般过去时。故填rewarded。9China won the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games because it got the most_(投票). (根据汉语意思填空)【答案】votes【详解】考查名词的数。句意:中国赢得了2022年冬奥会的主办权,因为它获得了最多的选票。根据汉语意思“投票”可知应填名词vote,且由 the most修饰可知此处应用复数形式。故填votes。10We reached the _ (阶段) wher
7、e wed given up any hope of curing her cat. (根据汉语意思填空)【答案】stage【详解】考查名词。句意:我们到达了这个阶段,在这个阶段我们已经放弃了治愈她的猫的任何希望。reach为及物动词,后接名词stage“阶段、舞台”作宾语。故填stage。语法专题(过去分词作定语)注意:1. 单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。例如:Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。2. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,
8、即使一个单一的分词作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如:Isthereanythingunsolved?还有没解决的问题吗?ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.自从我离开这个城镇以来,几乎没有什么变化。3. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词,常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词,放在其修饰的名词前,作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体,所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如:Thisisastate-ownedfactory.这是一家国营工厂。Thisisourschool-runfactory.这是我们的校办工
9、厂。4. v-ed和v-ing作定语的区别therisensun升起了的太阳 therisingsun正在升起的太阳developedcountries发达国家 developingcountries发展中国家boiledwater开水 boilingwater正沸腾的水fallenleaves落叶 fallingleaves正在飘落的叶子icedbeer冰冻啤酒 spokenEnglish英语口语Thebuildingbuilt(build) lastyearisourlibrary.Beingbuilt(build)nowwillbeourlibraryTobebuilt(build) n
10、extyearwilbeourlibrary.5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如:原形用作定语的过去分词用作表语或谓语的过去分词drinkdrunkendrunklightlightedlight/litmeltmeltedmeltedsinksunkensunkWelitthecandleandthecandlelituptheroom.我们点着蜡烛,蜡烛照亮房间。Thereisalightedcandleonthetable.桌上有一支点着的蜡烛。练习:11The tracks belongs to a similar creature
11、, _(call) Bigfoot, which lives in the forest of the north-west of the USA(用单词适当形式填空)【答案】called【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些脚印属于一种类似的生物大脚怪,它们生活在美国西北部的森林里。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词belongs,且前后句之间没有连词,所以空处需用非谓语动词作定语修饰名词creature,动词call与creature之间是被动关系,所以空处需用过去分词called作后置定语。故填called。12The Great Wall _(build) by ancient Chine
12、se people is regarded as one of the few wonders of the world. (用单词适当形式填空)【答案】built【详解】考查过去分词做定语。句意:由中国古代人民建造的长城被认为是世界上少数的奇迹之一。根据The Great Wall与build之间是被动关系,可知此处要用过去分词做定语。故填built。13Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially_(design)to help them succeed academically and personally.
13、(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】designed【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意:大多数大学现在为一年级学生提供一门专门设计的课程,帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。分析句子结构可知,course 和design之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式。故填designed。14The project _(design) to help the students proved successful. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】designed【详解】考查过去分词短语作定语。句意:为帮助学生而设计的项目证明是成功的。分析句子结构可知,_ (design) to help the students作
14、后置定语,修饰the project,所给词汇“design(设计)”与所修饰的词“the project(项目)”之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式,故填designed。15It is amazing that he fell in love with the girl_(dress)in a red skirt at the first sight(用单词的适当形式完成句子)【答案】dressed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他对那个穿红色衣服的女孩一见钟情,真是令人惊讶。此处应使用非谓语形式,动词dress和逻辑主语the girl之间是动宾关系,所以填过去分词作后置定语。故填dre
15、ssed。16St.Andrews Academy,_(locate)on Lake Almanor, is surrounded by natural beauty as far as the eye can see. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】located【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:圣安德鲁学院,坐落在阿尔曼诺湖畔,被目之所及的自然美景包围。谓语动词是is surrounded,故locate用非谓语动词形式,locate与逻辑主语St.Andrews Academy是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语,故填located。17The room_(refer) to as an off
16、ice room is jus t a bedroom. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】referred【详解】考查过去分词。句意:被称为办公室的房间只是一间卧室。分析句子结构可知,空处需用非谓语动词作定语修饰名词the room,空处动词refer与名词the room之间是被动关系,所以空处需用过去分词referred作后置定语。故填referred。18Have you read any short stories_(translate)by Lu Xun?(用单词的适当形式完成句子)【答案】translated【详解】考查过去分词。句意:你读过鲁迅翻译的短篇小说吗? 句中已有谓语动词
17、,此处用非谓语。short stories和translate是被动关系,用过去分词作定语,故填translated。19During the show, users can shake their phones to win a prize _ (sponsor) by the company. (用所给单词正确形式填空)【答案】sponsored【详解】考查过去分词。句意:在展览期间,用户可以摇动手机以赢得公司赞助的奖品。分析句子结构可知,该句子的谓语动词是can shake,因此sponsor应该作为非谓语动词来使用,prize承受sponsor的动作,因此此处需要填入sponsor的过
18、去分词作后置定语来修饰prize。故填sponsored。20Every year, over 8 million deaths are caused by tobacco, among which around 1.2 million are non-smokers _ (expose) to secondhand smoke. (用所给单词正确形式填空)【答案】exposed【详解】考查过去分词。句意:每年有超过800万人死于烟草,其中约有120万人是暴露于二手烟之下的非吸烟者。分析句子结构可知,该句子中使用了“介词+which”引导的定语从句,在从句中使用了全部倒装的语序,即在“arou
19、nd 1.2 million”之后是谓语动词are,其后是从句的主语non-smokers。此处是固定短语“be exposed to(暴露于之下)”的运用,由前面的分析可知,从句已经有谓语动词,因此这里要使用过去分词exposed作后置定语来修饰non-smokers。故填exposed。完形填空The other day I shared knowledge on several aspects of Hindi (印地) culture with you. Today Im hoping to paint a better picture of 21 it means to give i
20、n Hindi and how their generosity (慷慨) differs from 22 of Western culture. I was 23 when we learned the word “thank you” doesnt really exist in Hindi. In the mountains, it is 24 used, and people often seemed 25 when we tried to thank them. They 26 either turn their heads, or shake their hands at us.W
21、hen we asked our Indian friends why this is so, they 27 that giving and generosity are vital parts of their culture. Giving is more of a 28 of “changing hands “than an act of generosity. In their eyes, the foods they would give us were 29 really “theirs”. They see them as something passed along to t
22、hem and now they are 30 passing them along to us.The villagers were eager to 31 their best cucumbers to a passing stranger. 32 , people in the U. S. tend to 33 old, used, or unwanted things 34 their treasured ones. 35 , during a coffee break, a friend told me about how he donated his 36 clothes and
23、shoes -just for the 37 of giving up the possessions he likes most. Giving is 38 Westerners can certainly do. We can practice 39 giving away the things we value most-not only actual physical possessions, but also perhaps even more 40 ,our time and attention.21AhowBwhenCwhyDwhat22AthatBoneCitDboth23Aa
24、musedBinterestedCshockedDdisappointed24AoftenBoccasionallyCsometimesDseldom25AannoyedBexcitedCfrightenedDbored26AcouldBshouldCwouldDmight27AlearnedBrealizedCdecidedDexplained28AmatterBchangeCpictureDstate29AeverByetCneverDalready30ApartlyBequallyCobviouslyDsimply31Agive awayBgive outCgive backDgive
25、in32AThereforeBHoweverCOtherwiseDMeanwhile33AreturnBpossessCdonateDshare34Arather thanBbetter thanCmore thanDless than35AImportantlyBObviouslyCInterestinglyDLuckily36AexpensiveBfavoriteCbeautifulDcasual37ApainBtargetCexperienceDreason38AanythingBnothingCeverythingDsomething39AinBbyCforDabout40Aurgen
26、tBefficientCimportantDflexible【答案】21D22A23C24D25A26C27D28A29C30D31A32B33C34A35C36B37C38D39B40C【分析】这是一篇说明文。在印地,人们并不经常说“谢谢你”这句话。在他们看来,“给予”更多的是一种“交换”,而不是慷慨的行为。他们认为很多东西从来就不是他们自己的,只是他们易手交给了其他人。21本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意:今天,我希望能更好地描绘出印地语中“给予”的含义,以及他们的慷慨与西方文化的不同之处。A. how如何;表方式;B. when什么时候;表时间;C. why为什么;表原因;D. what
27、什么。 of后面跟宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少宾语,所以用what引导宾语从句。故选D。22本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意:今天,我希望能更好地描绘出印地语中“给予”的含义,以及他们的慷慨与西方文化的不同之处。A. that那个;B. one一个;C. it它;D. both两者都。此处代指前面提到的generosity,generosity指“宽宏大量,慷慨”,是不可数名词,所以用that代替。故选A。23本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:当我们得知“谢谢”这个词在印地语中并不存在时,我很震惊。A. amused愉悦的;B. interested感兴趣的;C. shocked震惊的;D. di
28、sappointed失望的。根据后面的“we learned the word “thank you” doesnt really exist in Hindi.”可知,在印地,人们竟然不经常说“谢谢你”这句话,所以让人感到惊讶。故选C。24本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:在山区,它很少被使用,当我们试图感谢他们时,人们常常显得很恼火。A. often经常;B. occasionally偶尔;C. sometimes有时候;D. seldom几乎不。根据前面的“the word “thank you” doesnt really exist in Hindi.”和后面的陈述可,“thank
29、you”这句话并不经常被使用。故选D。25本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:在山区,它很少被使用,当我们试图感谢他们时,人们常常显得很恼火。A. annoyed烦恼的;B. excited激动的;C. frightened害怕的;D. bored厌倦的。根据后文中“either turn their heads, or shake their hands at us.”可推断他们对于“我们”说“谢谢你”的反应是摇头和摆手,可知他们对这种表达感谢似乎感到很烦恼。故选A。26本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意:他们要么把头转过去,要么跟我们握手。A. could能够;B. should应该;C. w
30、ould将会;D. might可能。此处指“我们”说“谢谢你”之后,他们将会做出什么反应。故选C。27本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:当我们问我们的印度朋友为什么会这样时,他们解释说,给予和慷慨是他们文化的重要组成部分。A. learned学会;B. realized意识到;C. decided决定;D. explained解释。根据前面的“When we asked our Indian friends why this is so,”可知,他们在向“我们”解释什么原因。故选D。28本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:给予更多的是一个“交换”的问题,而不是一种慷慨的行为。A. matter事
31、件;问题B. change改变;C. picture图片;D. state州。根据后面的“They see them as something passed along to them and now they are passing them along to us.”理解本句句意:“给予”更多的是一种“交换”,而不是慷慨的行为。短语a matter of表示“这是的问题”。故选A。29本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:在他们眼中,他们给我们的食物从来都不是真正的“他们的”。A. ever曾经;B. yet但是;C. never从不;D. already已经。根据后面的“They see t
32、hem as something passed along to them and now they are passing them along to us.”可知,他们认为他们送给“我们”的食物从来就不是他们的,只是他们易手交给了“我们”。故选C。30本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意:他们把它们看作是传递给他们的东西,而现在他们只是把它们传递给我们。A. partly部分地;B. equally平等地;C. obviously明显地;D. simply简单地;仅仅。此处指他们仅仅是把食物易手交给了“我们”。故选D。31本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:村民们急于把最好的黄瓜送给路过的陌生人
33、。A. give away赠送;B. give out分发;C. give back归还;D. give in屈服。根据上下文可知,此处指他们把收获的黄瓜送给陌生人。故选A。32本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意:然而,美国人倾向于捐赠旧的、用过的或不想要的东西,而不是他们珍爱的东西。A. Therefore因此;B. However然而;C. Otherwise否则;D. Meanwhile同时。后面的陈述与前面的内容呈现转折。故选B。33本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:然而,美国人倾向于捐赠旧的、用过的或不想要的东西,而不是他们珍爱的东西。A. return返回;B. possess拥有;
34、C. donate捐赠;D. share分享。这里是说“捐献物品”的意思。故选C。34本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:然而,美国人倾向于捐赠旧的、用过的或不想要的东西,而不是他们珍爱的东西。A. rather than而不是;B. better than多于;C. more than超过;D. less than少于。后面的“their treasured ones.”与前面的“old, used, or unwanted things”形成了对比,指美国人捐献的不是他们珍惜的。故选A。35本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意:有趣的是,在一次喝咖啡的休息时间,一个朋友告诉我他是如何捐赠他最喜欢
35、的衣服和鞋子的只是为了体验放弃他最喜欢的东西。A. Importantly重要地;B. Obviously明显的;C. Interestingly有趣地;D. Luckily幸运地。此处指作者的朋友讲了一个有趣的事情。故选C。36本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:有趣的是,在一次喝咖啡的休息时间,一个朋友告诉我他是如何捐赠他最喜欢的衣服和鞋子的只是为了体验放弃他最喜欢的东西。A. expensive昂贵的;B. favorite最爱的;C. beautiful美丽的;D. casual随意的。根据后面的“giving up the possessions he likes most”可知,他把
36、自己最喜欢的物品捐献了出去。故选B。37本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:有趣的是,在一次喝咖啡的休息时间,一个朋友告诉我他是如何捐赠他最喜欢的衣服和鞋子的只是为了体验放弃他最喜欢的东西。A. pain 痛苦;B. target目标;C. experience经历;D. reason理由。结合上下文可知,此处指作者的朋友是想体验放弃最喜欢的物品的感觉。故选C。38本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:给予是西方人肯定能做到的事。A. anything任何事;B. nothing没有什么;C. everything一切;D. something某事。此处指捐献也是西方人当然能做到的事情。在肯定句中用
37、something。故选D。39本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意:我们可以通过放弃我们珍视的东西来实践不仅仅是实际的物质财富,也许更重要的是我们的时间和注意力。A. in在里面;B. by借助;C. for为了;D. about关于。结合后文giving away the things we value most-not only actual physical possessions 可知短语by doing表示“借助于某种方式手段”。故选B。40本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意:我们可以通过放弃我们珍视的东西来实践不仅仅是实际的物质财富,也许更重要的是我们的时间和注意力。A. urgent
38、紧急的;B. efficient有效的;C. important重要的;D. flexible灵活的。与前面的“actual physical possessions”相对比,此处指“time and attention”这些更重要的一些东西。故选C。【点睛】易错分析第五空,people often seemed when we tried to thank them. 在山区,它很少被使用,当我们试图感谢他们时,人们常常显得很恼火。A. annoyed恼怒的;B. excited激动的;C. frightened害怕的;D. bored厌倦的。本题容易错选B选项,认为人们对他们表达感谢,他们
39、会很激动,这属于主观臆断错误。必须结合上下文语境,以及后文中“either turn their heads, or shake their hands at us.”可推断他们对于“我们”说“谢谢你”的反应是摇头和摆手,可知他们对这种表达感谢似乎感到很烦恼。故选A。写作(改错)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其
40、修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。There will be a Chinese zither (古筝) exhibition in the city museum on this weekend. Informed that traditional Chinese instruments appeal to you, Im writing to invite you visit it.Twenty Chinese zithers of different ages, among them the oldest one has a history of 2,50
41、0 year, will be on show in the museum. It is widely acknowledged that Chinese zithers were called “the piano in China”, enjoy a great popularity. Equally attractive are amazing stories behind it, for example, how they were made by hand and whatever parts they consisted of. There is a good chance tha
42、t you can appreciate music play on the instrument by famous artists, exposed to a peace atmosphere.Are you available? If so, I am too willing to accompany you.【答案】1.将on去掉 2. 在you后面加to 3. themwhich 4. yearyears 5.wereare 6.enjoyenjoying7. itthem 8. whateverwhat9. playplayed 10.peacepeaceful【分析】这是一篇应用
43、文。文章主要介绍了即将举行的古筝展览以及对中国的古筝进行了相关的介绍。【详解】1.考查介词。在last week,next week,this week等之前不需要加任何介词。故将on去掉。2.考查固定搭配。invite sb. to do sth.为固定用法,故在you后面加to。3.考查定语从句的关系代词。分析句子结构,逗号不能引导两个句子,此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Twenty Chinese zithers,指物,在从句中作介词among的宾语,需用关系代词which引导。故将them改为which。4.考查名词。year为可数名词,意为“年”,根据2500可知,此处需用名词复数
44、形式。故填years。5.考查动词时态。根据已知动词is acknowledged可知,此处陈述客观事实,需用一般现在时。故将were改为are。6.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,主句的谓语动词是is acknowledged,从句的谓语动词是are called,此处需填非谓语动词形式。“the piano in China”和enjoy是主谓关系,需填现在分词形式。故将enjoy改为enjoying。7.考查代词。此处指代的是Chinese zithers,需用复数形式them。故将it改为them。8.考查同位语从句。whatever表示泛指,不符合语境,what表示特指,此处应该是特指
45、“古筝的部分”。做定语修饰part。故将whatever改为what。9.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,已有谓语动词can appreciate,此处需填非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词music。music和play为逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故将play改为played。10.考查形容词。分析句子结构,此处修饰名词atmosphere,需用形容词作定语。peace的形容词形式为peaceful。故将peace改为peaceful。【点睛】短文改错侧重于考查对于语法的把握,做题时要注意对句法进行分析,找到主句的谓语动词,分清主句和从句,或者看一下设空处需要填谓语动词还是非谓语动词。例如第
46、3小题考查的就是定语从句,分析定语从句关键抓住两点:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词,如本题中先行词为名词Twenty Chinese zithers,再分析先行词Twenty Chinese zithers在定语从句中所作的成分,将先行词Twenty Chinese zithers带到从句中可知,在从句中作宾语,并且指物,确定填关系代词which。第6小题和第9小题 考查的都是非谓语动词,要先找到句子中的谓语动词,因为所有的基本句型只有一个谓语动词,那么就可以确定设空处需填非谓语动词,再根据语法知识和语境确定时作定语还是作状语。最后判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语的关系,是主谓关系用现在分词,是动宾关系则用过去分词。