1、专题六卷别年份命题形式信息提示形式体裁写作内容新高考全国卷2020读后续写英语材料记叙文“好主意”帮助贫困家庭浙江卷2020读后续写英语材料记叙文遭遇北极熊2019概要写作英语材料概要如何表扬与批评孩子2018读后续写英语材料记叙文骑马历险记2017读后续写英语材料记叙文途中遇险命题规律1根据最近五年高考，以考查读后续写为主，考查概要写作为辅。除2019年外，均考查读后续写。2读后续写基本上是记叙文。记叙文大多离不开六要素：who，when，where，what，how，why。在阅读时，找出六要素，文章的结构自然水落石出。命题趋势1预计2021年仍将以考查读后续写为主，重在考查考生的阅读能力
2、，想象能力和写作能力。2所选文章仍以记叙文为主，此类文章材料难度适中，易于理解；话题贴近考生的日常生活，能够体现社会正能量。A篇 (2020新高考全国卷)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。The Meredith family lived in a small community.As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs.Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.People w
3、ere trying to help each other meet the challenges.Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems，and they needed all kinds of help.When she had time，she would bring food and medicine to them.One morning she told her child
4、ren about a family she had visited the day before.There was a man sick in bed，his wife，who took care of him and could not go out to work，and their little boy.The little boyhis name was Bernardhad interested her very much.“I wish you could see him，” she said to her own children，John，Harry，and Clara.“
5、He is such a help to his mother.He wants very much to earn some money，but I dont see what he can do.”After their mother left the room，the children sat thinking about Bernard.“I wish we could help him to earn money ，” said Clara.“His family is suffering so much.”“So do I，” said Harry.“We really shoul
6、d do something to assist them.”For some moments，John said nothing，but，suddenly，he sprang to his feet and cried，“I have a great idea！I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成)”The other children also jumped up all attention.When John had an idea，it was sure to be a good one.“I tell you wha
7、t we can do，” said John.“You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us？Well，we can make popcorn (爆米花)，and put it into paper bags，and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”注意：1续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式作答。When Mrs.Meredith heard of Johns idea，she thought it was a good one，too.With everyth
8、ing ready，Bernard started out on his new business.【参考范文】Paragraph 1：When Mrs.Meredith heard of Johns idea，she thought it was a good one，too.Very soon，the children learnt how to pop the corn and then were busy in doing this “big” thing.At the same time，their mother went out to buy the paper bags that
9、 they needed.When she came back，she brought with her Bernard.Bernard felt grateful to all of them for what they had done for him.Paragraph 2：With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business.Much sooner than could be expected，he returned with an empty basket and so much money that he had
10、 never seen before.He was so delighted that he could hardly speak，but his bright smiling face spoke for him.For many weeks，every Saturday，the three children would prepare popcorn for Bernard to sell.This little boy therefore could help support his family.All of this was because of Johns bright idea.
11、B篇 (20207浙江卷)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。One fall，my wife Elli and I had a single goal：to photograph polar bears.We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world”the town of Churchill in Manitoba，Canada.Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous.Pol
12、ar bearslike all wild animalsshould be photographed from a safe distance.When Im face to face with a polar bear，I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens.But sometimes，that is easier said than done.This was one of those times.As Elli and I cooked dinner，a young male polar bear who was p
13、laying in a nearby lake sniffed，and smelled our garlic breadThe hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire fenceHe pulled and bit the wire.He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts.Terrified，Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew
14、.We yelled at the bear，hit pots hard，and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.Not this polar bear thoughhe just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子)I radioed the camp manager for help.He told me a helicopter was on its
15、way，but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived.Making the best of this close encounter(相遇)，I took some pictures of the bear.Elli and I feared the fence wouldnt last through 30 more minutes of the bears punishment.The camp manager suggested I use pepper sprayThe spray burns the bears eyes，but doesn
16、t hurt them.So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and，through the fence，sprayed him in the face.With an angry roar (吼叫)，the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：A few minutes later，the bear heade
17、d back._Paragraph 2：At that very moment，the helicopter arrived._【参考范文】Paragraph 1：A few minutes later，the bear headed back.He exposed his sharp teeth，glaring at us as he ran forward.And again the bear stood on his back legs，wanting to snap at the fence like a monster.It seemed that his mouth was ful
18、l of blood and his eyes were red with anger.Seeing such terrible sight，I could feel a coldness flooding from my back.Elli was stunned there，with the mouth widely open.I had to take action，so I picked my courage and tried to frighten him away with the pepper spray，but finally failed.Paragraph 2：At th
19、at very moment，the helicopter arrived.It landed near our camp and its loud noises scared the bear.He looked irritated and charged at us again.I cried out，“Watch out！”We instantly stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter.Thank goodness！We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter，ga
20、sping with relief.Looking down at the bear，we found that he was eating the bread we just made.Several hours later，we arrived at home safe and sound，but we realized that we should do something to help the bears.C篇 (2019浙江卷)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman，aut
21、hor of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids，says，“Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise，parents think theyre building their childrens confidence，when，in fact，it may be just the opposite.Too much pr
22、aise can backfire and，when given in a way thats insincere，make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still，dont go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too mu
23、ch.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and，as a result，may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise？Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effor
24、t not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，”says Donahue，author of Parenting Without Fear：Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Reall
25、y Matters.“One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if hes out there every day and playing hard，you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not
26、the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard，cook dinner，or finish a book report.But whatever it is，praise should be given on a casebycase basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it._【参考范文】Nowadays，parents tend t
27、o offer considerate praise to their children，hoping to boost their confidence，but it may produce the opposite effect.However，no praise from parents also does harm to their selfconfidence.Therefore，experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result.Meanwhile，kids do
28、deserve praise if they strive to do their duty.Anyway，the amount of praise you give depends on how hard they work.D篇 (2018浙江卷)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.We took a plane to
29、Albuquerque，a big city in the state of New Mexico.We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon.Uncle Paul，my dads friend，picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle.My dad and I spent the nigh
30、t in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby.Very early in the morning，Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast.“The day starts at dawn on my farm，”he said.After breakfast，I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens，while my dad went with Uncle Pa
31、ul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草)I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool.In the afternoon，I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride，and he said yes，as long as my dad went with me.I wasnt going to take a horse ride by myself anyway.So，my dad and I
32、put on our new cowboy hats，got on our horses，and headed slowly towards the mountains.“Dont be late for supper，”Uncle Paul cried，“and keep to the track so that you dont get lost！”“OK！”My dad cried back.After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sightIt was so peaceful and quiet and the c
33、olors of the brown rocks，the deep green pine trees，and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene.It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：Suddenly
34、 a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse._Paragraph 2：We had no idea where we were and it got dark._【参考范文1】Paragraph 1：Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.“What a lovely rabbit！”I shouted with terrific excitement.It was quite different from those I saw in our city，thus i
35、mmediately stimulating my interest.Dad was also stunned by this special rabbit，gawking at it motionlessly.“Dad，lets catch it as our pet！”I suggested，unexpectedly receiving his prompt agreement.Entirely forgetting what Uncle Paul had told us，we chased after that pretty rabbit，frantic with rapture. Un
36、fortunately，so clever and swift was it that it disappeared in the forest before long.Not until then did we realize that the last ray of twilight was quickly disappearing among the numerous trees and we couldnt find our track at all！We did get lostParagraph 2：We had no idea where we were and it was g
37、etting dark.The bonechilling wind howled fiercely like a wolf，making the darkness even more suffocating.“Dad，what can we do？”I threw my arms around him tightly，quivering and seized by stark horror.“All is going well！”Dad answered in a gentle voice，calm and mollified.We wandered in the scary forest a
38、nd didnt know what horrible things would happen to us，hoping to find the way back.Suddenly，we heard the sound of water rolling down the riverWe were over the moon and decided to follow the river.After a while，we heard the familiar sound of sheep and then caught sight of the farm houseThe family were
39、 waiting for us in the distance.Seeing this，a radiant smile lit up both of our faces.【参考范文2】Paragraph 1：Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.My horse was so frightened that it began running ferociously.I could feel the air hitting my face heavily and hear my dads hysterical cry f
40、rom a distance.My heart was pumping wildly and my blood was pulsing through my veins.I pulled back the reins，distracted the horse and tried every means to stop the horse but in vain.After what seemed an eternity，my dad caught up with me breathlessly and managed to stop my horse.But we found that we
41、were in distress，with no track beside us.Paragraph 2：We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.The river beside us was still and serene under the last ray of sunshine but we didnt have the mood to enjoy it.Suddenly，it occurred to us that there was also a river nearby the farm house.Realiz
42、ing the river may be a guide back，our spirits soared and we began to trot briskly along the river.Just a few minutes later, catching sight of the silhouette of the house，I felt a feeling of relief and relaxation surged through me.I could picture Uncle Pauls smiling face and our delicious supper and
43、I thought to myself that our being lost added a special taste to my adventurous vacation which I would remember all my life.题型解读读后续写是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。读后续写考查的是考生在阅读文章的基础上，分析文章的逻辑，运用准确丰富的语言，展现创造力与想象力的能力。在高考中，读后续写题型为第四部分写作的第二节，与概要写作题型在不同考次中不定期交替出现。该题型分值25分，建议用时30分钟左右。读后续写题型的构成为：提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内
44、容、所给段落开头语进行续写(150词左右)，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。由于记叙文上下文连贯性强，结构清晰，更适用于读后续写题型，所以该部分所选文章一般是以记事为主的记叙文，此类阅读材料难度适中，易于理解。解题步骤读后续写一般遵循以下四个解题步骤：1准确理解材料，理清人物事件在仔细阅读所提供的语言材料后，考生要能提炼出故事的主要事件。2根据段落开头语，确定续写方向在提炼出人物和故事要点之后，考生应当结合两个续写段落的首句充分发挥想象，判断故事的大致走向。3根据段落开头语，确定续写细节在根据段落开头语判断故事大致走向之后，考生可以勾勒出更加丰富的故事细节。4调整写作
45、语言，完成读后续写在完成初稿之后，考生应当在语言上加以润色，使用更加准确、具体的词汇来刻画动作、对话和心理。注意事项在进行读后续写写作训练或者在应试过程中，还需要特别注意下面几点：1仔细揣摩原材料作者所表达的意图及主题。注意前后照应，注意隐含的情感因素，在必要时烘托主题，升华全文的情感。好的续写创作除了要与所提供的材料保持情节的延续外，还要与其保持风格的统一。2一定要注意与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接。千万不可忽略所提供的段落首句的限制而肆意创作。3切忌以大篇幅对白，尤其是以直接引语的形式展开写作。应尽可能巧妙地设置情节，多关注动作描写和心理描述。备考建议1充分利用平时练习中记叙文类的阅读理解以
46、及完形填空。在做此类试题时，读到适当的位置，不妨中断自己的阅读，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对结局进行一定的猜想，然后对照原文，检查自己的设想是否与原文一致。2适当地实施微型化训练，即对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某一段落的首句提示，结合上文对该段进行合理设想，具体推断该段可能要讲述的细节内容。3注重语言积累。读后续写部分不仅要求有丰富的情节，也要求应用丰富的词汇。所以备考时，考生应尽量扩大词汇量，加强对于词汇、句型的准确熟练运用。由于读后续写多以故事性的文章为原材料，而故事类文章多侧重动作和心理描写，因此对于动词和形容词词汇的积累显得尤为重要。另外，为了使情节衔接顺畅，也应多积累一些记叙文中
47、常用的衔接词。微技能一、人物肖像描写1a graceful figure优美的身段2a slim figure细长的身体3have a good figure(人)形体很好4a wellbuilt man身材魁梧的人5an average build中等身材6improve ones figure改善形体7a dark figure in the moonlight月光下一个模糊的人影8a bearded man留胡须的人9a serious young man严肃的年轻人10a homely woman相貌平平的女人11show off her lovely figure显露出她优美的身段1
48、2a gaunt，stooping old man一位枯瘦、驼背的老人13wear round glasses戴着圆框眼镜14a coldblooded man冷酷无情的人15a girl in her early twenties 20岁出头的姑娘1He had a wide mouth and humorous grey eyes.他有一张大嘴和幽默的灰色眼睛。2Two spots of color brightened/lighted up her cheeks.两朵红霞晕染了她的脸颊。3He has two big dark eyes under a pair of thick eye
49、brows.在一对浓密的眉毛下是他大而黑的眼睛。4Id noticed that his eyes were blackcoal black.我注意到他的眼睛是黑色的炭黑的。5Shed arrived late for class，her hair wet and messy.她上课迟到了，头发又湿又脏。6She was fairskinned，having reddish hair and long fingers.她皮肤白皙，有着红发和修长的手。7His stronglybuilt body and suntanned skin make him look like a sportsman
50、.他强壮的身体和晒黑的皮肤使他看起来像一个运动员。8He has fine lines around his eyes.他的眼睛周围有细细的皱纹。9She is neither tall nor short，with a round face，and a pair of sharp eyes，looking very amiable.她不高不矮，一张圆脸，一双锐利的眼睛，很和蔼可亲。10Her adorable face was framed perfectly by her shoulder length，chestnut brown hair.她可爱的脸与她齐肩的栗色头发十分相称。11Fa
51、ther，he had a little white hair，looking very old，with some wrinkles on his forehead.父亲他有一头白发，看起来很老，额头上有些皱纹。12The unforgettable were his eyes that shone like diamond and lips held in a steady smile.令人难忘的是他如钻石一样闪亮的眼睛，还有那微笑的嘴。13Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color a
52、s the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.他身上的一切都显得古老，除了那双眼睛，它们像海水一般蓝，是愉快而不肯认输的。14The young woman was tall，with grace and elegance.She had a great amount of dark hair that shown in the sunlight，and a face more beautiful than any other，with dark，mysterious eyes.She was polite and wellmannered，with a
53、 tender look.这个年轻的女人很高，且很优雅。她有一头乌黑的头发，在阳光下显得十分美丽，她的脸比任何其他人都漂亮，她有一双神秘的眼睛。她彬彬有礼，举止文雅，目光温柔。15He has sparking blue green eyes，thinning silver hair that spills onto his forehead，big ears，a triangular nose，and tufts of graying eyebrow.他的眼睛闪烁着蓝绿色光芒，稀疏的银发散落在前额，大耳朵，三角形的鼻子和灰白的眉毛上。对下面人物进行肖像描写1父亲他有一头白发，看起来很老，额头
54、上有些皱纹。当他微笑时，他的眼睛旁边有皱纹，但是他的微笑仍然像以前一样温馨，一个父亲的微笑，他只是想他的家人有一个美好的生活。_【答案】Father，who had white hair，looked very old with some wrinkles on his forehead.He also had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled，yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before，the smile of a father who just wanted a good life fo
55、r his family.2我看着他走上舞台。中等身材、健壮结实、浅黄色的头发垂在前额。这一刻带给他的震动仍写在脸上，看得出他在竭尽全力保持镇静，但他蓝色的眼睛里还是透着惊恐不安，我在捕猎时经常看到这种神情。他强装镇定，走上舞台，站在自己的位置上。_【答案】I watch him as he makes his way toward the stage.Medium height，stocky build，ashy blond hair that fall in waves over his forehead.The shock of the moment is registered on h
56、is face，and you can see his struggle to remain emotionless，but his blue eyes show the alarm Ive seen so often in prey.Yet he climbs steadily onto the stage and takes his place.微技能二、人物神态描写1a satisfied look满意的表情2an encouraging expression一个令人鼓舞的表情3indescribably wild joy难以形容的开心4be in high spirits精神高涨5be
57、 wild with delight欣喜若狂6cry ones heart out悲痛欲绝7be seized with panic惊慌失措8come as something of a surprise有点惊讶9be speechless with indignation气得说不出话10get mad/cross at sb.对某人勃然大怒11a resentful look充满怨恨的眼神12with a kindly and goodhumored spirit以和蔼可亲的态度13dance/jump for joy高兴地跳起来14on the top of the world心满意足，非
58、常幸福15be keen on喜爱，对着迷1A dreaming look came over her face.她露出一个梦幻的表情。2Her face was full of gloom and cruelty.她面色阴沉，表情冷酷。3He smiled，his eyes full of laughter.他露出了笑容，双眼充满笑意。4Her eyes gleamed and her fragile face broke into a smile.她的眼睛闪烁着光芒，精致的脸庞展现出微笑。5Color glowed in his face and his strange eyes wide
59、ned with joyfulness.他的脸熠熠闪光，奇怪的眼睛因欢乐而大大睁开。6Aleey became happy now and a gentle smile spread over her face.阿利变得很开心，整张脸洋溢着温和的微笑。7She rode the rest of the way home wearing a Mona Lisa of peace and grace.她带着蒙娜丽莎式的微笑，骑完了回家剩下的路。8In spite of his disappointment，he managed a weak smile.尽管他很失望，他还是勉强露出一丝淡淡的微笑。
60、9There was a soft light in her eyes as she looked at him.当她看着他时，她的眼睛里有柔和的光。10Suddenly，she leapt up，pleasure and surprise written all over her face.突然她跳了起来，脸上满是喜悦和惊讶的表情。11His face split into a wide smile and he said in a squeaky voice that made passersby stare.他的脸上绽放出灿烂的笑容，他用尖细的声音说着，让路人看得目瞪口呆。12With
61、tears streaming down her face，words failed her.眼泪顺着她的脸流下来，她说不出话来。13Anne looked upon the wonderful doll with a sort of terror.Her face was still flooded with tears，but her eyes began to fill，like the sky in the breaking of the dawn，with strange radiations of joy.安妮以一种恐怖的眼光看着这个美丽的娃娃。她的脸上仍然充满了泪水，但她的眼睛开
62、始像黎明时分的天空一样充满欢乐的奇异辐射。14He was glaring down at me again，his black eyes full of disgust.他又盯着我看，黑眼睛里充满了厌恶。15He stared at me again，meeting my eyes with the strangest expression on his faceit was hostile，angry.I looked away quickly，shocked，going red again.他再一次盯着我，用他那最奇怪的表情看着我的眼睛它充满了敌意和愤怒。我震惊地迅速移开目光，脸又变红了
63、。对下面人物进行神态描写1看见她走进房间，他两眼一亮。她笑了，脸上露出了喜色。她满脸的微笑，点亮了他阴郁的下午。_【答案】His eyes lit up when she walked into the room.A smile lit up her face.The smile spread across her face，which lit up his gloomy afternoon.2她双颊绯红，泪水和脸上的血混在了一起，同时目光低垂，不再凝视。_【答案】Her cheeks were glowing.Her tears mingled with the blood on her f
64、ace，dropping her gaze.微技能三、人物个性描写1sense of responsibility责任感2a goodhumored/goodnatured person脾气好的人3a man of fine personality个性强的人4an ambitious person有抱负的人5a promising young man有前途的青年6an attractive girl动人的姑娘7a smoothspoken man能说会道的人8be of a determined character性格果断9possess an independent character具有独
65、立的性格10be optimistic and ambitious乐观和有抱负的11an unmarried woman未婚女子12an out spoken man说话直率的人13lovely and goodnatured personality温和可爱的个性14stand out from the crowd脱颖而出15with the virtue of具有的美德1Her face was a cold blank mask.她装出一副冷冰冰毫无表情的样子。2Mariam closed her eyes，gritting her teeth.玛丽亚姆闭上眼睛，咬紧牙关。3He didn
66、t shout，and he just glared at me silently.他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。4She masked her anger with a smile.她用微笑来掩饰她的愤怒。5As I blinked，the first tear rolled down my cheek.我眨眼的时候，第一滴眼泪沿着脸颊滚了下来。6Marias soft brown eyes held a haunting sadness and her face was gaunt and haggard.玛丽亚柔软的棕色眼睛里萦绕着难过的悲伤，脸色憔悴。7Wanda looked st
67、olidly at them，pursing her lips together，wrinkling her forehead up.望达漠然地看着他们，噘着嘴巴，皱着眉头。8His chin was twitching and he was staring and winking and his leathery old cheeks were wet.他的下巴抽搐着，眼睛瞪着眨着，因为年老而干枯，像皮革一样的脸颊已经被泪水润湿了。9I looked at him from the corner of my eye，and he was still staring at mehe had a
68、 slightly frustrated expression.我用眼角的余光看着他，而他还在盯着我看。他的表情有点沮丧。10I stared at her in shock and a small sound of dismay escaped my throat.我惊愕地盯着她，不禁发出轻轻的沮丧声。对下面人物进行个性描写1她好奇地望着窗外，想一睹通往米洛克太太口中那个奇怪山庄的沿途都有哪些风光。玛丽不是那种胆儿小的孩子，她丝毫没有感到恐惧，只是非常好奇，在那个即将到达的地方究竟会上演怎样的剧情？有着上百间紧锁的房间的一幢房子，矗立在荒原的边缘。_【答案】She sat and looke
69、d out of the window，curious to see something of the road over which she was being driven to the queer place Mrs.Medlock had spoken of.She was not at all a timid child and she was not exactly frightened，but she felt that there was no knowing what might happen in a house with a hundred rooms nearly al
70、l shut upa house standing on the edge of a moor.2街上挤满了男孩，两个书店里都挤满了爸爸妈妈，他们在那里买新书包和书本。学校前面也挤满了人，领头人和警察都不能保持入口有秩序。我倚在门边，突然有人拍了我的肩膀。原来是我二年级的班长，他像往常一样开心，当然，他的红色头发也像往常一样蓬乱。_【答案】The streets were swarming with boys.The two bookshops were thronged with fathers and mothers who were purchasing bags，portfolios，
71、and copybooks，and in front of the school so many people had collected，that the beadle and the policeman found it hard to keep the entrance clear. Near the door，I felt myself touched on the shoulder.It was my master of the second grade，cheerful，as usual，and with his red hair ruffled.微技能四、人物情感描写1be ov
72、erwhelmingly moved极为感动2be content with对感到满意3be excited with joy at the success为成功而欣喜4be delighted at对很高兴5yell with delight乐得大叫6fall into despair陷入绝望7a strong sense of loss强烈的失落感8with a heavy heart怀着沉重的心情9lose ones spirits垂头丧气10be down in spirits情绪低落11complain constantly不断地抱怨12run out of the room in
73、a burst of anger怒气冲冲地跑出房间13express/voice a complaint about对表示不满14feel inspired/encouraged感到鼓舞的15be displeased at ones conduct对某人的行为感到不满1He put it back into his pack，rose to his feet and staggered on.He was too tired to move on.他把它放回背包里，站起身来，硬撑着向前。他累得走不动了。2She began to yawn，stretching her arms.She wa
74、s overworked and could hardly to concentrate.她开始打呵欠，伸懒腰。她工作过度，几乎无法集中精力。3Instead of obeying，Jim dropped onto the couch，put his hands under the back of his head，and smiled.吉姆没有服从，而是坐到沙发上，双手放在脑后，微笑着。4He went out.She sat waiting on a chair in her ball dress，without strength to go to bed，overwhelmed，with
75、out a thought.他走了出去。她穿着舞会礼服坐在椅子上，没有力气去床上睡觉，不知所措，毫无思绪。5Mariam sat on her bed，embarrassed and confused.She cupped her face with her hands and closed her eyes.She breathed and breathed until she felt calmer.玛利亚姆坐在她的床上，感到尴尬和困惑。她用手捂着脸，闭上了眼睛。她深呼吸着，直到她平静下来。6There was clearly nothing left to do but drop her
76、self onto the shabby little couch and weep.很明显，除了瘫到破旧的小沙发上哭泣，她什么也做不了。7Matthew groaned as he turned about and shuffled gently down the platform towards her.马修呻吟着转过身来，慢慢地下台朝她走去。8He shivered slightly，shaking his head and turned to the girl to give her a look of pity.他微微颤抖着，摇着头，转头怜悯地看向那个女孩。9There was si
77、lence.I realized I did not want to listen to any more，and started to move softly away from the door，grunting slightly with the effort.屋里一片沉默。我意识到我不想再听下去了，于是开始轻轻地从门口走出去，尽可能小声地嘟囔着。10All the air seemed to disappear from the room in a rush.Someone coughed.I stood up，and wiped my hands on my jeans.所有的空气似
78、乎都迅速地从房间里消失了。有人咳嗽。我站起来，在我的牛仔裤上擦拭着我的手。对下面人物进行情感描写1当我走下来向老师介绍自己时，我偷偷地看着他。就在我经过的时候，他突然变得僵硬了。他又盯着我，当我们目光相遇时，他的表情非常奇怪。我很震惊，很快地转移了目光，脸又变红了。_【答案】As I walked down to introduce myself to the teacher，I was watching him secretly.Just as I passed，he suddenly went stiff.He stared at me again，meeting my eyes with
79、 the strangest expression on his face.I looked away quickly，shocked，going red again.2我坐在座位上，茫然地盯着他。他太过分了，这不公平。我开始慢慢地收拾我的东西，试图停止伤心，因为我害怕我会流泪。_【答案】I sat frozen in my seat，staring blankly after him.He was so mean.It wasnt fair.I began gathering up my things slowly，trying to block the sorrow that filled
80、 me，for fear my eyes would tear up.微技能五、人物心理描写1throw a curious glance at sb.好奇地向某人看了一眼2look at sb. with a fixed gaze凝视着某人3feel out of place感觉很不适应4pace back and forth来回踱步5say sth.deliberately故意地说6break into shouts of applause爆发出阵阵喝彩声7sing ones own praise自吹自擂8pick ones words字斟句酌9say sth. clearly and i
81、mpressively说得明白而深刻10give a murmur of approval低声表示赞同11bear all the blame承担全部责任12listen impatiently不耐心地听13gaze up at the stars凝视着天上的星星14be ignorant about关于很无知15regardless of concerns over不顾对的忧虑1My heart began to race and my mind went blank.我心跳开始加速，脑子里一片空白。2So many thoughts crowded into her mind，all at
82、 once.那么多的想法立马涌入她的脑海中。3So ashamed was she that she could feel the blood rush to her face.她是如此的羞愧以至于脸如充血般发烫。4When the host announced that she won the prize，a wide excitement took hold of her.当主持人宣布她获奖时，她的激动之情溢于言表。5His heart sank when he heard the news that he failed to win a prize.听到他没获奖的消息，他心都沉下来了。6
83、On blue days you feel like youre floating in an ocean of sadness.在忧郁的日子里，你会觉得自己在悲伤的海里沉沉浮浮。7As the result of an accident，Tony was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness.因为一场事故，托尼的世界突然陷入一片黑暗与绝望之中。8She was struck dead with terror.Her heart was beating painfully fast and ban
84、ging against her ribs.恐怖和死亡袭来，她的心脏跳动地非常快，撞击着她的肋骨。9I felt that the blood in my body cooled/froze rapidly because of the terrible sight.看到这可怕的景象，我感觉我的血液都凝固起来。10He was sick with fear，but the thought of the consequences urged him on.他因害怕而感到恶心，但一想到结果，他还是要继续下去。对下面人物进行心理描写1不过大部分时候，我认真读着书，完全被书中的图画吸引住了。我沉浸在想
85、象的世界中，暂时忘掉了伤心和孤单，只感到快活。我唯一担心的就是我的秘密藏身处可能会被发现。_【答案】But most of the time I studied the book and stared，fascinated，at the pictures.Lost in the world of imagination，I forgot my sad，lonely existence for a while，and was happy，I was only afraid that my secret hidingplace might be discovered.2毫无原因地，我的心脏就那么漏
86、跳了一拍。我的人生中第一次有了那样的感觉。就像整个世界在你四周，从你身体由内而外地翻滚，而你漂浮在半空中。唯一能绑住你使你不会飘走的，就是那双眼睛。_【答案】My heart stopped.It just stopped beating.And for the first time in my life，I had that feeling.You know，like the world is moving all around you，all inside you，and youre floating.Floating in midair.And the only thing keepin
87、g you from drifting away is the other persons eyes.微技能六、人物动作描写1keep up ones spirits振作精神2flame with anger气得满脸通红3have a worried look愁眉苦脸4walk gracefully步态优美地走5make ones first appearance首次露面6fail to carry out ones duties没有履行职责7capture the attention吸引注意8in the expectation that期待9in the belief that相信10sh
88、ow no signs of tiredness毫无倦意11cast a hasty glance at sb.朝某人匆匆瞥了一眼12gaze the first glimpse of首次窥见13eat ones words收回前言，承认说错14make a remark upon sth.就某事发表意见15jump to ones feet一跃而起1The smile froze on her lips.她脸上的笑容僵住了。2Her eyes were glued to the screen.她目不转睛地盯着屏幕。3They gazed at each other，crushed.他们崩溃地
89、看着对方。4She caught her breath in a short gasp and felt herself turn pale.她猛吐一口气，喘过气，觉得自己脸色苍白。5Diana stood there，whitefaced and breathless.黛安娜站在那里，脸色苍白，气喘吁吁。6She turned to him with a frightened air.她害怕地看着他。7A look of surprise passed across Assefs face，briefly，and disappeared.阿涩夫短暂地惊讶了一下，又恢复了原样。8As Doro
90、thy gazed upon this in wonder and fear，the eyes turned slowly and looked at her sharply and steadily.多萝西惊奇而又恐惧地注视着这一切，那双眼睛慢慢地转过来，目光锐利而坚定地注视着她。9But she hugged them to her chest，and at last she was able to look up with tearful eyes and a smile.但她把它们紧紧地抱在胸前，终于抬起头来，泪流满面地微笑着。10One day she came into my ro
91、om laughing merrily.Putting my hand on her face，she spelled laugh.Then she tickled me into a burst of laughter.有一天，她愉快地笑着走进我的房间，把我的手放在她的脸上，拼出了laugh。然后她用手指轻轻地搔我，痒得我发出一阵大笑。对下面人物进行动作描写1突然间，教堂的后面安静下来，每个人都将目光投向后面，看看发生了什么。不一会，他们还没走近，人们便认出了这是他们所期盼的两个孩子。_【答案】Then，suddenly，at the back of the church，there was
92、 total silence inside and everyone turned to see what was happening.And soon，walking before them all，were the very boys they were there to pray for.2房间的窗户之间有一面镜子。突然，她从窗口转过身来，站在玻璃面前。她的眼睛闪烁着光芒。她迅速地把头发拉下来，让头发完全垂下来。_【答案】There was a mirror between the windows of the room.Suddenly she whirled from the win
93、dow and stood before the glass.Her eyes were shining brilliantly.Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.微技能七、背景场景描写1a room facing south朝南的房间2a village among the hills群山环抱的村庄3a favorably situated city位置优越的城市4a small village off the map一个偏僻的小村子5the thinly populated rural a
94、rea人烟稀少的农村地区6be situated at the northern extreme of.位于最北端7fierce/heavy/violent storms狂风暴雨8in the warm spring sunshine在春天温暖的阳光里9a stormy night暴风雨之夜10in the blinding rain在茫茫大雨中11clear up(天气)放晴12continuous/constant rains连续不断的雨13bathe/bask in the sunshine沐日光浴14a dark，rainy evening漆黑的雨夜15in a mess一片混乱1Th
95、e sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.太阳开始缓缓升起，给山披上了一层金纱。2The sun rose over a quiet world and looked warmly down upon the peaceful village.太阳在一个宁静的世界里升起，温暖地俯视着这个宁静的村庄。3The sky is clear blue now and the sun has flung diamonds down on meadow and bank and wood.此时已是万里蓝天，太阳将
96、钻石般灿烂夺目的阳光洒向草原，洒向河岸，洒向树林。4The rose looks like an angel，swaying in the wind，dancing in the sun.这朵玫瑰就像是在风中摇摆，在阳光下跳舞的天使。5The grounds were covered with dark green grass through which stretched a straight white stone path.那儿处处是碧绿的芳草，绿草中铺着洁白笔直的石路。6The beautiful scenery is a feast for your eyes.美丽的景色令人大饱眼福
97、。7These sublime and magnificent scenes offered me the greatest consolation that I was capable of receiving.这些令人赞叹的壮美景色给了我极大的安慰。8Nanjing，an old city with a rich and celebrated past，yet vigorous in her new youthhow lovely she is!南京，这座古老而又年轻的历史文化名城，是多么的可爱！9It was so quiet in the classroom that the soun
98、d of a needle in the ground could be heard.教室里很安静，连一根针掉在地上的声音都听得见。10When we reached the top of the hill，a magnificent view of the sea greeted us.当我们到达山顶时，我们看到了一片壮丽的海景。对下面背景场景进行描写1教堂里充满了歌声。汤姆甚至唱起歌，大声地唱着。他知道他将永远记得这一天。_【答案】And so the church was filled with singing voices.Tom even sang，and loudly too.He
99、 knew that this would be a day he would always remember.2当汤姆醒来时，他没有认出他在哪里。几秒后才记起他和他的朋友已经逃走了。在野外的树木和动物间醒来也是很好的。汤姆可以听到远近的鸟儿在相互交谈。一只蓝鸦停在男孩们身旁的树枝上，好奇地望着他们。看起来这好像是它第一次看到人类一样。此时，汤姆注意到昆虫动物与人类是多么的相似。有的在辛勤地工作，有的在进食，有的在玩耍。_【答案】When Tom woke up，he didnt recognize where he was.It took him a few seconds to remem
100、ber that he and his friends had run away.It was nice waking up outside，among the trees and the animals.Tom could hear the birds，both far and near，talking to each other.One bird，a Blue Jay，landed on a tree branch near the boys and looked at them curiously.It seemed as though this were the first time
101、it had ever seen human beings before.At the same time，Tom noticed how similar animals and insects were to human beings.Some were busy working，some were eating，and some were playing.技法一读懂文本，把握要素阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Going HomeThree boys and three girls were going to the beach.When they
102、 boarded the bus，they were carrying sandwiches and wine，dreaming of golden beaches.Suddenly，they noticed Vingo.He sat in front of them，eyes fixed upon a photo，completely in silence.Deep into the night，the bus pulled into Howard Johnsons，a service area，and everybody got off except Vingo.The young peo
103、ple began to wonder about him.When they came back，one of the girls sat beside him and introduced herself.“Want some wine？”she said.He smiled and took a swig from the bottom.He thanked her and became silent again.The next morning，they awoke outside another Howard Johnsons，and this time Vingo went in.
104、 The girls insisted that he join them.He ordered black coffee and some cookies.When they returned，the girl sat with Vingo again.After a while，slowly and painfully，he began his story.He had been in prison for the past four years，and now he was going home.“Are you married”“I dont know.”“You dont know？
105、”she said.“Well，when I was in prison I wrote to my wife，”he said，“I told her that I was going to be away for a long time，and that if she couldnt stand it，if the kids kept asking questions，and if it hurt her too much，she could just forget me.Id understand.Get a new guy，I said.Shes a wonderful woman.I
106、 told her she didnt have to write to me.And she didnt.Not for three and a half years.”“And you are going home now，not knowing？”“Yeah.Well，last week，when I was sure the parole(假释) was coming through，I wrote to her again.We used to live in Brunswick，and theres a big oak(橡树) tree just as you come into
107、town.I told her that if she didnt have a new man and if shed take me back，she should put a yellow handkerchief on the tree，and Id get off and come home.If she didnt want me，forget itno handkerchief and Id go on through.”“Wow，”the girl exclaimed，“wow.”She told the others，and soon all of them were in
108、it.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：Looking at the photo，the young people found a young woman and three children in it._Paragraph 2：Vingo sat there amazed，staring at the oak tree. _读后续写的材料主要以记叙文为主。我们在阅读这类文本时，可以从记叙文六要素(when、who、where、what、how、why)来梳理文脉，同时，需牢牢把握故事发展的三条线，即时间线、故事情节线和情感发展线。时间线：Whe
109、n the young people boarded the bus，they noticed Vingo(上车后，他们注意到主人公Vingo)Deep into the night，one of the girls started to talk with him but failed(晚上汽车作短暂停靠时，其中一个女孩想与他交谈，却并未得到回应)The next morning，Vingo told his story at the young peoples insistence(第二天，在年轻人的坚持下，Vingo与他们坐在一起并谈起了自己的故事)故事情节线：三男三女六位少年坐车前往海
110、边，在车上遇到了Vingo。谈话中了解到，Vingo四年前入狱，刚入狱时，Vingo曾写信告诉妻子如果她等不了他，希望她可以改嫁。狱中三年半，他都未曾收到妻子的来信。在得知可以出狱的前一周，他再次写信给妻子，告诉她，如果她还等着他回家，就在家门口的橡树上挂一块黄手帕，那么他就会下车回家；如果橡树上没有手帕，那么他会继续前行。情感发展线：原文回忆部分呈现的是积极的情感his love for his wife。从他给妻子的信中可以看出(.if the kids kept asking questions，and if it hurt her too much，she could just for
111、get me.Id understand.Get a new guy，I said.Shes a wonderful woman.)出狱后期待妻子一直在等他，又担心不是自己想要的结果而呈现出消极的情感worried，upset，nervous，通过在车上的动作神情(eyes fixed upon a photo，completely in silence，became silent again，slowly and painfully，he began his story)可以看出。从第一段首句Looking at the photo，the young people found a youn
112、g woman and three children in it可推断，少年们和Vingo之间会就照片有一段对话；然后他们会和Vingo一起等待这一时刻；又根据第二段首句中amazed一词，可推断出，橡树上应该是挂了黄手帕的，所以第一段还应该描写出他们在见到挂着黄手帕的橡树时的反应。从第二段首句Vingo sat there amazed，staring at the oak tree推断出橡树上应该是挂了黄手帕的，所以这段可以从Vingo的具体所见、所想以及最后做何反应方面着手写。高分范文名师点评Paragraph 1：Looking at the photo，the young peopl
113、e found a young woman and three children in it.“What a lovely woman and cute kids.”“Yeah，she is a smart woman who can always make our small house warm and comfortable.”Vingo murmured.With Brunswick approaching，Vingo stopped staring at the photo，tightening his face，as if protecting himself against an
114、other disappointment.The young people took over window seats，waiting for the coming of the oak tree.Then Brunswick was ten miles，and then five.All the people opened their eyes wide，waiting for a miracle.Suddenly，they all jumped up from their seats，screaming except Vingo.Paragraph 2：Vingo sat there a
115、mazed，staring at the oak tree.It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs，twenty or thirty of them，maybe hundreds，flying in the wind.The oak tree stood like a banner of welcome，blowing in the wind.All the young people were up out of their seats，shouting，crying，doing small dances or shaking fists in tri
116、umph.As the young people remained thrilled，Vingo slowly rose from his seat，holding himself tightly，and made his way to the front of the bus to go home.在车越来越靠近家的过程中，Vingo的紧张情绪是逐步加深的。从他停止看照片(stopped staring at the photo)，开始绷紧脸(tightening his face)，怕自己又一次失望的动作(as if protecting himself against another d
117、isappointment)及情绪描写中，很快就能给人一种画面感，Vingo内心的忐忑不安和期盼回家的心情不言而喻。此处又为下文满树的黄手帕的出现做好了铺垫，从紧张不安到欢心雀跃，两种情绪形成鲜明的对比，推动了情节的发展。而年轻人们睁大眼睛，看着窗外，期盼能看到奇迹，此处是从侧面进一步烘托了人物紧张的情感，也对故事的发展起到了推波助澜的作用，使人更期待看到树上挂着黄手帕。第二段结尾处，当Vingo看到了满树的黄手帕时，他缓慢地从座位起身，这时他带有一种想要飞奔回家又害怕回家的紧张，hold himself tightly把他的这种心情形容得恰到好处。技法二情节构思新颖阅读下面材料，根据其内容和
118、所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。My Dads Best FlowerI remember my first home was a small apartment on the second floor with a lovely and spacious balcony(阳台)When my mom was busy in the kitchen，she let me stay on the balcony watching the kids playing in the street.On that balcony I played sometimes with my el
119、der sister，Maria.She was seven years old and when my mom was absent she was like a mother to me.The balcony was a great hobby place for my father.After his work he used to grow carnations(康乃馨) in flower boxes.His carnations were red，pink and white，and everyone appreciated them for their beauty.He to
120、ok care of them with so much love and devotion.He dealt carefully with his flowers like a mother taking care of her baby.Many times I sat on the floor of the balcony for hours observing him and his lovely flowers with patience.He was always doing something on that balcony.He was watering them every
121、day，cleaning the balcony floor，changing the potting soil and when the stems(茎) were thick，strong and high enough，he started his improvement operation like a doctor.My dad took a tiny knife and with his left hand he held the stem of the carnation and measured the height.Then he made a small mark on t
122、he stem with his finger.Afterwards he made a sharp cut with the knife，just enough to fit in a grain of barley(插穗的芽)Then he bandaged the stem with a small bandage.His job was then to water the plants and to take care of them.“No one should touch them”，he said to mom.Every day，when he came home from w
123、ork he went straight to the balcony.Mom used to tell us：“Do not touch daddys flowers.”For us it was a fascinating experience to watch how the small stems were growing and making flowers.When the carnations had grown big enough，my dad enjoyed watching them every day.We the kids did too.注意：1.续写词数应为150
124、左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：One day，my elder sister，who loved dad very much，had a great idea. _Paragraph 2：When my dad arrived，he went as usual，straight to the balcony and saw his flowers lying on the floor like dead animals. _读后续写的材料主要以记叙文为主。我们在阅读这类文本时，需要牢牢把握故事发展的三条线，即时间线、故事情节线和情感发展线。时间线：when my home
125、 was a small apartmentone daywhen Dad arrived故事情节线：我的爸爸非常爱种在阳台上的康乃馨，每天给这些花浇水、擦地，定期换泥、修剪，照看它们就像自己的亲生孩子一样。深受其影响，我们两个孩子也非常钟爱这些花。有一天，我们打算用某种方式来表达我们对爸爸和花的爱。情感发展线：原文呈现的都是积极美好的情感(UP)，然后根据第二段的提示我们可以得知第一段应该出现消极的情绪或情感(DOWN)，文章最后需呈现积极的情感(UP)，也就是常见的UpDownUp模式。从第一段首句One day，my elder sister，who loved dad very muc
126、h，had a great idea中love，great idea几个关键词我们可以推断出：我们应该从idea是如何great处着手；这里的great一方面要体现对爸爸的爱，同时又不能脱离flowers这一主题。譬如说我们剪了花插在爸爸房间的花瓶里，或者帮助爸爸修剪这些花。然后根据第二段的首句，我们可以判断，在第一段结束时，我们已经剪了花并且把它们铺在了地上。从第二段首句When my dad arrived，he went as usual，straight to the balcony and saw his flowers lying on the floor like dead an
127、imals.可推断爸爸带着愤怒和心疼的情绪来询问事情的来龙去脉。按照故事要宣扬人性的真善美的原则，爸爸在理解事情的真相后，情感由消极转向积极，他不但原谅了我们所制造的mess，肯定也会为我们对他的爱而感动。高分范文名师点评Paragraph 1：One day，my elder sister，who loved dad very much，had a great idea.Wanting to help dad，she cut the flowers from their stems and arranged them on the floor.She believed that dad wo
128、uld be very pleased to see them that way.When mom realized what my sister had done，she didnt say a word.My sister didnt understand why we were so quiet without a word of appreciation.Paragraph 2：When my dad arrived，he went as usual，straight to the balcony and saw his flowers lying on the floor like
129、dead animals.He looked towards the street to see if there was one from the neighbors children who could have done it.Then he entered the living room and looked at mom in silence.We all waited for a punishment.Mom，who always taught us to tell the truth，looked at dad and said，“We have no bad neighbors
130、 in our area.”Then with a nice tone she continued，“No outsider did this great job，only our lovely daughter Linda”Dads face changed from tense to a smile and then he said，“Do I have a better flower than my lovely daughter？”My sister smiled and gave dad a big hug.该范文情节简洁、合理，较好地延续了原文的思路和语言风格。表达方面兼顾了长短句
131、子的交错运用，让人读起来有抑扬顿挫的感觉。为了使文章更有深度和厚度，作者在合理情节的基础上，较多地运用情感、心理活动描写等手段，使文章有了感染力。现在分词作状语、修饰性介词前置、定语从句等高级结构的运用，都体现了作者的写作驾驭能力。文章最后的点题，赋予flowers全新的含义，也让文章的立意达到了新的高度，情节构思新颖。技法三情节展开顺畅阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Stinky StreetHouses are very different.Some are huge and have gold swimming pools.Pop stars l
132、ive in those.Some are in rows with a brick wall at one end and overlook a pie factory.Franklin Gates lives in one of those.Number three，Stanley Street，to be exact.He loved living on Stanley Street.Everyone was friendly.All his mates were there and the smells from the pie factory.Mmm，delicious！There
133、was just one problem.Franklins mum and dad wanted to move.His mum was expecting twins and they needed another bedroom.“This house is too small，”said his mum.Next day，there was a“For Sale”sign stuck by Franklins door.Franklin and his best friend Josh stared at the words of doom.“What am I going to do
134、，Josh？”said Franklin.Josh frowned.“Has your house got problems？Number fortys got problems and no one wants to buy it.”Franklin stared at number forty.It looked all right to him.“What kind of problems？”he asked.“Oh，mice and damp and really horrible wallpaper.”Franklin sighed.His house was warm and fr
135、iendly and it had just been painted，worse luck.Mrs.Cox lived next door to Franklin in a big house that had once been the corner shop.Just then，she called out，followed by her dog Zack.“Im sorry youre moving，”Mrs.Cox said.“So am I，”Franklin grumbled.Mrs.Cox patted Franklin on the arm.“Never mind.Your
136、house might take months to sell.”But a few days later，Franklin came home from school to find a man in the kitchen.His name was Mr.Bragg and was interested in buying the house.He glared at Franklin and trod on his toes，without saying sorry.Franklins heart sank when Mr.Bragg said he wanted to come bac
137、k for a second visit on Saturday morning.At school，Franklin asked，“Josh，does your big sister still work in the fish shop？”Josh nodded.“Good.Listen，Ive got a job for you.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：Franklin cupped his hand over Joshs ear and began whispering his plan. _Paragraph 2：Mr. an
138、d Mrs. Gates were very angry.“Youd better explain whats going on！” _这是一篇记叙文，文章记叙了Franklin家即将增添一对双胞胎，所以父母决定搬离住了很久的Stanley Street。然而Franklin在得知这个消息以后非常不想离开这条街和相处得很好的朋友们，于是想办法要破坏父母的计划。在阅读文本时，我们要带着when、where、who、what、why、how的六要素去理清文本的内容和故事情节的发展脉络。在梳理故事情节发展的脉络时，我们要把握住三条线索：时间线、故事情节线和情感发展线。时间线：Next dayBut
139、a few days laterSaturday morning故事情节线：Franklin家即将增添一对双胞胎，原来的房子就不够住了，父母决定把房子卖了。然而Franklin非常喜欢Stanley Street，那里有着他喜欢的味道，还有友好的邻居、最要好的朋友，他舍不得离开。但是父母还是决定卖掉房子，甚至还出现了一个很有可能购买他家房子的人Mr.Bragg。于是Franklin决定想办法破坏Mr.Bragg的购买计划。情感发展线：文本开始呈现的都是积极美好的情感。Franklin非常喜欢Stanley Street以及Stanley Street这里所有的一切。但是从Franklin父母决
140、定搬走开始，Franklin的心情就开始变得糟糕，Mr.Bragg的出现让Franklin的心情糟糕到了极点。但是想到可以想办法让Mr.Bragg改变主意让Franklin的心情有所好转。续写部分所给的提示句对于后文走向所起的作用非常大，有时甚至是决定性的，它们有承上启下的作用，所以在开始写作之前必须仔细研究两段开头语。写作时，我们在确定第一段续写的内容时往往采用逆向思维，即从第二段倒推回来，而不是像往常的写作由前面内容决定后面内容。将两段续写的首句Para.1：Franklin cupped his hand over Joshs ear and began whispering his p
141、lan.和Para.2：Mr. and Mrs. Gates were very angry.“Youd better explain whats going on！”结合起来，我们可以推断出：第一段重点应该放在Franklin的计划，他跟Josh讲了什么内容，以及Franklin想到了什么办法去阻挠Mr.Bragg买自己家房子的，根据第二段的句首我们不难得知他的办法应该是起作用了。那么我们在这一段的写作重点应该放在Franklin的动作和心理描写以及Mr.Bragg对待这些变化的反应及心理上。从第二段的开头我们不难推测，Franklin的计划是成功的。所以第二段的写作重点应该放在事情发生以后
142、，对父母发脾气的描写以及知道Franklin的心理想法之后的反映上。最后这个住房的问题解决了吗？还是说父母觉得自己孩子的心情最重要？这两个结尾我们都可以考虑。高分范文名师点评Paragraph 1：Franklin cupped his hand over Joshs ear and began whispering his plan.When Josh heard what Franklin wanted，his mouth opened wide enough to swallow a dentist.He cried.“Ill get into trouble！”“You have to
143、！Its my only chance，”Franklin begged.In the end，Josh nodded.On Saturday morning，Mr.and Mrs.Gates were still outside when Mr.Bragg rang the doorbell.Entering the house，Mr.Bragg stopped and sniffed the air，asking curiously，“Whats that disgusting smell？”Franklin told him the factory does fish pie on Sa
144、turdays，which made Mr.Bragg frowned.“Mind the mouse poo，”Franklin grinned，pointing to a pile of brown lumps.“It gets stuck in the carpet.”“Urgh！”Mr. Bragg pulled a face.He ran downstairs and out of the door.Paragraph 2：Mr. and Mrs. Gates were very angry.“Youd better explain whats going on！”Franklin
145、knew he was in big trouble.He ran back and vacuumed up the chocolate drops on the carpet in his bedroom.Then he dried the lemonade on his bedroom wall.He said sorry to Josh for getting him into trouble，too.At last，he said sorry to his mum and dad.His mum was very upset.Mrs.Cox arrived and came up wi
146、th a good idea，that is，swap her house with Franklins.“So we had one big house，”grinned Franklin.So everybodys happy except Mr.Bragg.Hes bought number forty.续写部分情节展开顺畅，和原文及首句的融洽度高，第一段开头Franklin cupped his hand over Joshs ear and began whispering his plan.说明Franklin的计划跟Josh有关。在所提供的最后一段文章中作者也提到了Josh的姐姐
147、在渔场工作，这些都给第一段的故事情节发展埋下了伏笔。所以作者在这个段落里重点写了Franklin怎样利用那些鱼去布置一些假象，使得Bragg先生生气地冲出了他家，从而很自然地与第二段衔接上了。第二段开头作者说父母很生气，那么Franklin又做了什么去弥补他所犯的错。最后也提供了解决问题的方法，和考克斯太太交换了房间，结局皆大欢喜。技法四时空转换合理阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Everyday HeroesLast December，on a crisp Saturday afternoon in Wichita Falls，Texas，11yea
148、rold TJ Smith had just jumped off the scooter(滑板车) as his neighbor Kim，age 7，claimed her turn and her sister Julie，9，looked on.Kim stood on the scooter and paused to catch her breath.That was when the bearded man with a head of messy curls appeared.The kids didnt see where he came from，but they know
149、 exactly what happened next：Without uttering a word，he picked Kim up off the scooter and calmly walked away.“He held her like a baby and just walked down the street，”says TJ.In fact，the way the man held Kim led TJ to believe he must have been a relative.But something wasnt right.“I could see her fac
150、e，”TJ said.“She was panicked.”Kims fear escalated(加剧) into sobs，then cries for help.She began kicking and biting，trying to get free of the mans grip.“What are you doing？”Julie shouted.But the man quickly walked the length of the block until he reached an alley and disappeared.TJs first thought was t
151、o chase after them.But what was a fourfoottall，70pound kid going to do to stop a grown man？“I wanted to help，but I couldnt do it myself，”he says.So he ran to his grownup neighbors home.Brad Ware and his wife were relaxing on the couch in their living room when their front door burst open.“Brad！”yell
152、ed TJ.“A man just picked up a little girl and took her into the alley！”And just like that，TJ was gone，back on the street racing after his kidnapped little friend.“I ran back to where I saw him take her to see if they were still there，”says TJ.Ware and his wife jumped into their car and followed clos
153、e behind.TJ dashed to the end of the street and turned the corner.He had no idea what to expect or who might be waiting for him.But he needed to find Kim.If he lost her，TJ feared，she might never be found alive.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：Once TJ hit the alley，he spotted the man a couple
154、of blocks down，standing in front of an abandoned white house._ _Paragraph 2：Alerted by Julie and other neighbors，the police and the victims mother had arrived on the scene. _读后续写的材料主要以记叙文为主。在阅读这类文本时，我们要带着when，where，who，what，why，how去理清文本的内容和故事情节的发展脉络。在这个过程中，我们要把握故事发展的三条线，即时间线、故事情节线和情感发展线。时间线：本文首句交代了故
155、事发生的时间背景是last December，on a crisp Saturday afternoon in Wichita Falls，Texas，是美国得克萨斯州冬日周六的一个午后。从续写段落的两个首句(Once TJ hit the alley；Alerted by Julie and other neighbors)来看，整个故事均发生在那个事发的下午，而且事件推进的节奏非常快，读起来颇有惊心动魄的感觉。因此，我们在续写时一般无须再增加新的时间节点，只要按照首句提示给出的信息续写故事情节即可。故事情节线：一个周六的午后，一群天真烂漫的孩子们在街上玩滑板车，突然一个陌生男子出现并强行抱
156、走了一个7岁的小女孩Kim。她的小伙伴TJ Smith发现事情不对劲后迅速投入到拯救小女孩的行动当中。他深知敌强我弱，因此首先跑去向邻居Ware夫妇求助，求助成功后迅速带领开车的Ware夫妇寻找Kim和嫌疑人。情感发展线：文章以一个平常的冬日午后，一群天真烂漫的孩童在街上玩耍的画面切入，而后随着神秘卷发男子的出现并突然抱走小女孩Kim，平静温馨的画面戛然而止，而后故事开启紧张模式。而且随着Kim的情绪失控(panicked；fear；cries)，男子的迅速消失和TJ的势单力薄，紧张模式不断升级。在TJ临危不乱，迅速做出正确判断(ran，yelled，racing after，dashed，f
157、eared)，去求助邻居Brad夫妇并带领他们去寻找Kim之后，故事发展至高潮。结合续写首句Once TJ hit the alley，he spotted the man a couple of blocks down，standing in front of an abandoned white house.(Para.1)和Alerted by Julie and other neighbors，the police and the victims mother had arrived on the scene.(Para.2)，可以推测，续写第一段中激烈的动作描写将占较大篇幅，加上适量
158、的情绪描写和心理活动描写，以推动情节发展。而续写第二段是文章的结尾部分，需要交代故事主要人物的结局以及进行主题升华，因此整体节奏应该是放缓的，温馨的，且积极向上的。高分范文名师点评Paragraph 1：Once TJ hit the alley，he spotted the man a couple of blocks down，standing in front of an abandoned white house.Its windows were busted，doors boarded up，and yard overgrown.He was shoving the panicked
159、 girl through a window.Just then，Ware and his wife pulled up.“Stay here，”Ware told TJ as he took off toward the house.With Ware now bearing down on him，the man let go of Kim in the window frame and walked away，almost calmly.He was about to break into a run when Ware caught up with him.They struggled
160、.Ware kicked the man in the groin and wrapped him in his arms.The man squirmed free and fled across the street.When he stumbled，Ware lunged and tacked him.Paragraph 2：Alerted by Julie and other neighbors，the police and the victims mother had arrived on the scene.Kim dashed into the safety of her mot
161、hers arms, safe and sound.The two cried and hugged.Meanwhile，officers cuffed and arrested Raeshawn Perez，26.He was charged with aggravated kidnapping and was being held on $50，000 bond as this issue went to press.There were a few heroes that day，but Ware insisted that the quickthinking，dogged 11year
162、old deserved most of the credit.“You know，hes the reason why we managed to find the girl before something terrible happened.”Ware told KFDX，a local newspaper.That news came as no surprise to TJs mother.“This is exactly his character，”says Angle Hess Smith.“His first thought is not of himself.Its alw
163、ays of others.”这篇文章语言较为平实，表达干净利落，动作描写贯穿全文，推动着情节的发展。续写第一段是动作描写的高潮部分。因此，该段落在继续原文语言风格的同时，精选了一系列动作表达来准确还原当时的打斗场面。而续写第二段主要是为了交代故事主要人物的结局，以及凸显主题Everyday Heroes。因此本段节奏放缓，气氛由紧张转为轻松，整段洋溢着开心，激动和自豪等情感。因此，续写第二段像电影镜头般地，在各个主角当中切换，用平实的语言依次交代了主要人物的结局。总之，本文时空转换合理。技法五蕴含正能量阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Passing
164、Happiness onI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s.When it was her turn to pay，the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down，shook her head and said：“Not so good.My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old t
165、ricks again.The truth is，I dont know how were going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps(食品券)Neither did I know how I could get through the days a year ago during my fresh year in the company.I didnt know the rules，I was not familiar with the work，and I couldnt feel.the
166、 value of myself.I was even wondering whether I could get along，as my father was gone，my mother had no work and my brother was only 7.That feeling was exactly what the woman had said.Fortunately，things had changed since I received my colleagues card，from which I felt the encouragement，and sensed hap
167、piness falling upon me again.So I really wanted to help, but didnt know how.Should I offer to pay for her groceries(杂货)，or ask for her husbands resume(简历)？As I walked into the parking lot，I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart.Suddenly I remembered something in my purse that I thought could
168、 help her.It wasnt a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband，but maybe it would make her life better.Then I approached the woman.My heart pounded as this was the first time that I had come with the idea to help a stranger.“Excuse me，”I said，my voice trembling a bit.“I couldnt help accid
169、entally hearing what you said to the cashier.It sounds like youre going through a really hard time right now.Im so sorry.Id like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：When the woman read the card，she began to cry. _Paragraph 2：After
170、we embraced，I walked back to my car and words on the card crowded into my mind again. _这是一篇记叙文。本文作者在超市结账时偶遇一个为家庭所累，生活艰难，失去自我的女人，让他想起了自己的经历。因此，作者将同事送的卡片转赠给这个女人。曾经的感动再次出现在这个女人的脸上，作者也因为帮助他人而得到快乐，并决定将这一行为传递下去。在梳理故事脉络的时候，我们要把握住三条线索：时间线、故事情节线和情感发展线。时间线：为了理清故事，首先要关注文章给出的时间点。阅读后，我们可以得到：When it was her turn
171、to paya year agoThen I approached herWhen the woman looked at the card(Para.1)After we embraced(Para.2)。分析这些时间点，我们可以发现，作者用插叙的手法，在他与一个女人的故事里回忆了一个一年前发生在自己身上的事。两个故事的相似性有助于我们更准确地推导后续情节。故事情节线：本文包含了两个故事。分析情节可以帮助我们在两个故事之间建立联系，更好地理解作者的写作意图。故事1：作者在柜台付钱遇到一个为生活所困的女人把卡片送给她女人读卡片两人相拥作者回车里反思。故事2：作者刚进公司工作不顺，家庭困难同事送
172、卡片重拾信心。从情节梳理中，我们可以发现，故事情节的交汇点在于卡片，是卡片上的话改变了两个人的人生。因此，我们可以推测，卡片上的话一定是能给人以信心或触动人心的话，例如“You matter.”或者“Tomorrow will be a better day.”情感发展线：分析作者的情感，有助于了解作者的内心活动，分析后续的行为，更好地塑造人物的形象。本文中，一年前，作者是痛苦的；在同事的帮助后，他感到鼓舞，重拾信心；看到这个女人，他感同身受，但又不知道如何帮助她。由情感线的分析，我们可以推测，在给出卡片后，面对这个女人的感动和感激，作者很有可能会不知所措，不会安慰人；但作者又富有同情心，所以
173、在帮助了这个女人并且意识到这一举动的意义之后，毅然决定将幸福传递下去。文章也因为作者的决定而达到了“由己及人”，“由小见大”的升华。本文的两段首句都明确地指出了故事的时间和地点，并给出了关键信息，对段落的内容进行了规划。第一个首句的着重点在于读卡片这一情节，其侧重点在于这个女人感动和她对作者的感激之情。结合第二个首句，我们可以倒推出，第一段的结尾是作者给了女人一个拥抱。第二个首句中的“car”，“words”，“card”则暗示第二段要吐露卡片上的内容。最后，总结这一段经历，升华“传递幸福”这一主题。由此可见，认真解读段首句可以明确作者的谋篇布局，让段与段之间衔接更加自然和紧密。高分范文名师点
174、评Paragraph 1：When the woman read the card，she began to cry.She dumped out all those difficulties，sobbing about the husband who was out of job and the son who was as fickle as fortune.As a matter of fact，she couldnt restrained herself at all.After venting her emotions，she held my hands tightly and th
175、anked me out of turn.She explained that without my card，she wouldnt have seen herself，not even had the hope for future.I was at a stand and didnt know what reaction I might give since Ive never come across this before.All I could think about was：“Would it be OK to give you a hug？”Paragraph 2：After w
176、e embraced，I walked back to my car and words on the card crowded into my mind again.“You matter.”Saying the sentence to myself，I feel a warm glow spreading inside of me.It reminded me of my colleagues encouragement and told me I was not alone.That happened again upon the strange woman through the ex
177、perience，which also gave me far more happiness and fulfillment.Since then Ive decided to prepare more cards，as happiness is one thing that really deserves to be passed on from one to another.作者第一次以这样的方式帮助陌生人，不知该说什么，最后给了对方一个有温暖的拥抱，这一举动与上下文衔接自然；dumping out，sobbing about，venting，out of turn等短语的运用生动地展现了
178、一位60岁老太太感动苦闷的情绪。老人倾诉时的絮絮叨叨、语无伦次很有这一年龄和情境的特点，描写颇为生动形象；同时，卡片上的句子“You matter.”引出对这个故事的反思，最后点出本文的主旨Passing Happiness on，为文章画上圆满的句号，体现了社会正能量。A篇阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Alan and the other campers sat around the fire chewing meat chops.It would be Alans first night in a tent，and he was excited
179、but a little nervous.As they ate，the conservation officer spoke.“Much of the wildlife in this area comes out only at night.So after supper，lets start a night watch.Volunteers will take turns to stay down(停留) here by the fire away from the tents.Those who take part will get a chance to see a world th
180、at many of you never knew existed.”Alans stomach tightened.“Isnt it dangerous？”someone asked.“No，its quite safe，”the officer said.“There are no dangerous animals this close to Cape Town.Any volunteers？”A toughlooking kid with red hair muttered something about needing a good nights sleep.Another boy
181、spoke up，“Ill take a shift.”The kid who sat next to Alan on the bus volunteered.Alan sat tight.Then one of the girls raised her hand with a giggle.Alan frowned.If a girl could do it，he could too.He volunteered.A few more kids raised their hands，and then the officer explained，“This is how it works.Wh
182、en the rest of you go to bed，the first watcher takes his or her place by the fire.The duty of watcher is to keep the fire going gently.After thirty minutes，he or she wakes the next person.”Alan heard his voice asking，“Are you sure its absolutely safe？”The officer looked at him.“Well，nothing is absol
183、utely safe.Crossing the road isnt absolutely safe.But the danger is minimal.We wouldnt have taken you here otherwise.Do you still want to volunteer？”Alan nodded but felt uneasy.Sleeping in a tent with other campers had sounded OK，but the idea of being alone in the night made him tremble.Earlier that
184、 day，the officer had challenged the campers to spot animal tracks along the river.That was fun.But being alone in the dark was not.Alans flashlight was already fading to a dim glow(暗淡无光) because he had used it too often.Looking around，Alan thought he saw a large bird swooping(俯冲) and wondered if it
185、was an owl.He had seen small paw prints(爪印) in the sand by the river.Was the owl hunting for the creature that had made them?注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：Then there was a noise.Alan froze.Something was there in the darkness. _Paragraph 2：The next morning the officer asked for reports. _【参
186、考范文】Paragraph 1：Then there was a noise.Alan froze.Something was there in the darkness.A ripple of fear crept up on him as he cast a glance there.Heart beating wildly，Alan made his way to the noise，with both of his legs trembling uncontrollably.A closer look convinced him that it was only a rabbit，wh
187、ich quickly disappeared in the dark.In relief，he felt the gentle breeze rubbing his face.The moon shedding its silver light on the woods，Alan was greeted by the sound of birds and insects.Enveloped by fragrant air，he felt as if in the wonderland.Paragraph 2：The next morning the officer asked for rep
188、orts.Other campers bragged about their adventure in the darkhow they ran into some“horrible”creatures and bravely scared them off.The officer，wearing a doubtful look, offered no comments.When it was his turn，Alan，looking around，told the truth：There were no scary animals but breathtaking scenery to b
189、e explored.A smile blossomed on the officers face.That was exactly what the camping was all about.Only after one overcame the fear and “creatures” in his own heart could he embrace the real beauty of nature.B篇阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Once，when I was a teenager，my father and I were standi
190、ng in line to buy tickets for the circus.Finally，there was only one family between us and the ticket counter.This family left a deep impression on me.There were eight children，all probably under the age of 12.You could tell they didnt have a lot of money.Their clothes were not expensive，but they wer
191、e clean.The children were wellbehaved，all of them standing in line，twobytwo behind their parents，holding hands.They were excitedly chatting about the clowns，elephants，and other acts they would see that night.One could sense they had never been to the circus before.It promised to be a highlight of th
192、eir young lives.The father and mother were at the head of the pack，standing proud as could be.The mother was holding her husbands hand，looking up at him as if to say，“Youre my knight in shining armor.”He was smiling and basking in pride，looking back at her as if to reply，“You got that right.”The tic
193、ket lady asked the father how many tickets he wanted.He proudly responded，“Please let me buy eight childrens tickets and two adult tickets so I can take my family to the circus.”The ticket lady quoted the price.The mans wife let go of his hand，her head dropped，and her lip began to shake.The father l
194、eaned a little closer and asked，“How much did you say？”The ticket lady again quoted the price.The man didnt have enough money.How was he supposed to turn and tell his eight children that he didnt have enough money to take them to the circus?Actually we were not wealthy in any sense.So I understood h
195、ow the kids would feel.I felt sorry for them.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：Seeing what was going on，my dad put his hand in his pocket，pulled out a $20 bill and dropped it on the ground. _Paragraph 2：That day my father and I went to our car and drove home without any tickets. _【参考范文】Paragra
196、ph 1：Seeing what was going on，my dad put his hand in his pocket，pulled out a $20 bill and dropped it on the ground.Then he picked it up and tapped the man on the shoulder and said，“Excuse me，sir，this fell out of your pocket.”The man turned around and noticed the money.He came to realize what was goi
197、ng on.He looked straight into my dads eyes，took my dads hand in both of his，and squeezed the $20 bill tightly.With his lips shaking and a drop of tear rolling down his cheek，he replied，“Thank you, thank you，sir.This really means a lot to me and my family.”Paragraph 2：That day my father and I went to
198、 our car and drove home without any tickets.We didnt go to the circus that night.When I asked Dad why he did so，he replied，“My child，it was a desperate，heartbreaking and embarrassing situation for a father.Surely he wasnt begging for a handout，but he reminded me of my father when I was young.”He pau
199、sed for a while，as if wandering in his memory.“We should appreciate what we have obtained from life and seize every opportunity to help others.We didnt go to the circus tonight，but we didnt go without doing anything.Now，who wants an ice cream？”C篇阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Nowadays，more and
200、 more young people are becoming too proud and overconfident.They think they can do everything.So they simply ignore their old parents，and believe that their parents experienced thoughts are out of date.Actually，I used to be one of them，but after hearing a story told by my father，I changed my mind co
201、mpletely.Now I would like to share it with you.Once upon a time，there lived a young man who looked down on the old very much for the simple reason that he always thought that the old were merely useless lives that were going to wither(凋谢) in their busy life.Worse still，he also did this to his own fa
202、ther.One day，it so happened that the father and the son met each other in the street.To the fathers surprise，the son suggested that they take a walk together.As they were walking，a beautiful garden with many trees and flowers in it came into their sight.The son pointed to one of the prettiest flower
203、s in the garden and said with great pride，“We young people are much like these fragrant flowers，so healthy，and full of spirit.But what about you oldsters？You are just like the falling leaves from the dying tree near here.”Hearing this，the father smiled but said nothing.They continued the walking in
204、silence.When they passed a grocery，the father stopped and went in.He bought walnuts(核桃) and showed one to his son，slowly saying，“We old people are like this walnut.It is evident that weve experienced many hard events in life.As a consequence，weve built up such a firm shell(壳)，and at the same time we
205、ve also built up a pure inner world.For this very reason every fruit is so fullgrown.”“But every fruit was born by a flower，”argued the son impatiently.“Yes，but not every flower can bear fruit，”declared the father.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：What the father said touched the son greatly.
206、_Paragraph 2：From then on，the young man has turned over a new leaf. _【参考范文】Paragraph 1：What the father said touched the son greatly.It occurred to him that in face he should try to be a flower that could bear fruit and he should also be aware that his parents werent useless lives or falling leaves b
207、ut experienced walnuts，masterpieces of nature.In reality，they were the ones young people should appreciate forever.How he regretted what he had thought and done for the elderly，his father included as well！Being so proud of himself made him ashamed.Paragraph 2：From then on，the young man has turned ov
208、er a new leaf.He stopped being proud and ignoring the old.On the contrary，he looked up to oldsters greatly，willing to accept their suggestions at any time.As a consequence，the old gradually changed their opinions about him.In addition，he got along well with his father and was ready to share his happ
209、iness and sorrow with him whenever possible.So pleased was his father with it that he smiled every time and took great pride in his sons changes.D篇阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Jose was affectionately gazing at his simple craft，a 25footlong narrow，canoeshaped boat with no cabin or roof.He was
210、 to head out into the bay in the morning with the hope of hitting a net full of fish and row back before dark the next day.His crewman，Cordoba，a 22yearold green hand，was loading the boat with the expensive icebox and food.“I heard them say，”he murmured，“a storm is coming.”Jose didnt respond.There wa
211、s little that would keep him from boarding his boat.One day，hed make enough money to survive for a full week.They sailed through the waves.About 75 miles from land，Jose let out his twomilelong fishing line.The storm was gaining strength.Waves rocked the small boat，which began to lean sideways like a
212、n amusement park ride.“Get us out of here！”Cordoba screamed to Jose.“Lets go back！”With the winds and waves kicking up，the boat began to fill with water.Jose was calm.He had Cordoba bail the water out (往外舀水)，while he pulled in the fishing line.But the crashing waves filled their boat with water fast
213、er than they could empty it，forcing Jose to make a decision.He cut the line，dumping thousands of dollars worth of equipment and fish into the sea.He then pointed the crewman toward his home port six hours away.With the coming dawn，he was figuring out a route through the shoreline surf when the motor
214、 died.The wind continued to sweep forcefully straight offshore，driving the men farther out to the sea.For seven days，the storm thrashed their boat.Cordoba was thrown into the water once and Jose pulled him back in by his hair.In addition to the engine，they lost their radio and fishing gear.The only
215、equipment was an icebox and a bucket.One day Jose saw an airplane flying overhead.But with no mast(桅杆) and no flares(信号弹)，the tiny boat was invisible in the vast ocean.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：The day finally came when they ran out of food. _Paragraph 2：One morning，a giant ship appear
216、ed on the horizon and headed directly toward him. _【参考范文】Paragraph 1：The day finally came when they ran out of food.It didnt take long for their situation to grow dire in the open sea.Jose hit on the idea of harvesting fish，seaturtles and birds that came to rest at night on the side of the boat.Rain
217、storms gifted them with an abundant of water which they later kept in the icebox.But with no signs of hope within weeks，Cordoba lost his sanity and committed suicide by offering himself to the circling sharks.Beset by despair，Jose was left alone，drifting aimlessly in the ocean.Paragraph 2：One mornin
218、g，a giant ship appeared on the horizon and headed directly toward him.When people finally saved Jose，his hair and beard were matted，his wrists impossibly small，and his ankles grotesquely swollen.He was unable to walk and could barely speak.But days later，he managed to open his mouth，“I could see my
219、death slowly coming toward me.Thanks for saving my life！”By then，he had been adrift deep in the Pacific Ocean and survived 14 months lost at sea，about seven thousand miles from home.It was a record of endurance never equaled by another castaway.题型解读概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。概要写作考查的是考生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在充
220、分理解的基础上进行大意表达的能力。在高考中，概要写作题型为第四部分写作的第二节，与读后续写题型在不同考试中不定期交替出现。该题型分值25分，建议用时30分钟左右。概要写作题型的构成为：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。所提供短文的体裁没有限制，但以说明文和议论文为主，文章难度通常在中等水平。解题步骤完成一篇概要写作需要经过三个步骤1读懂原文，抓住大意在阅读过程中，考生需要准确把握文章大意，弄清不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系。在读的同时，抓住文章的中心，透彻理解全文。2定位主题句，找到关键在读懂原文、抓住大意的基础上，考生接下来需要逐段定位每个段落的主题句
221、，并以提纲的形式记录下来。3组织语言，转换表达考生列出主题句和关键信息点后，需要开始组织语言、转换表达。注意事项在进行概要写作训练或者在应试过程中，还需要特别注意下面几点：1概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。2安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。3注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都强加关联词语，以免显得生硬。4不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子。如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。5计算词数，看
222、是否符合规定的词数要求。词数少于40和多于80的，将从总分中减去2分。6注意检查是否有拼写错误，标点符号是否规范，书写是否整洁，这些情况都是评分的考虑事项。备考建议概要写作对于考生来说其实并不陌生，在日常的英语教学中，教师经常让学生就所学英语课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课文，或者在做阅读理解的过程中进行概括文章的主要内容和找文章主题句或段落主题句的训练，这在一定程度上都为概要写作打下了基础。除此之外，作为考生，还要注意进行适度的专题练习。有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要点，找到概要写作的感觉，冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章，进行结构分析和主旨概括训练。
223、可按文体和题材分类训练，增强对文章上下文连贯性的把握。另外，还要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。综合以上分析可知，新高考更加重视考查考生对于高中阶段英语基本技能的掌握情况，也注重考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能，其目标是利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课程的课堂教学改革。概要写作就是基于这个出发点而产生的，它对高中生提出了更高的英语语言运用的要求。技法一提取段落主题句或关键信息一、提取主题句我们认为，首先要学会找主题句。一般来说主题句位于段首或者段尾，偶尔出现在段中，甚至有的需要自己提炼。那么，如何判断主题句呢？我们要学会梳理文章脉络，理清句子之间的关系，判断句子的表达是概括表达还是具体表达等。1
224、主题句位于段首在英文中，大部分段落的第一句便是主题句。开门见山地提出问题，后面的扩展句围绕主题句加以说明、支持、补充和解释。写出所给段落的主题句Rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public as offering great benefits.The more obvious ones are the abilities of police to apply first aid life saving techniques quickly，and the greater possibility of arrest
225、ing people who may have participated in a crime.It aids in identifying those who witnessed an emergency or crime as well as in collecting evidence.The fame of a police department too is raised if rapid response is consistent and this promotes the prevention of crime.主题句：_【解析】首句提出“快速出警反应被警官和公众都视为给人们带
226、来了巨大的好处”，从第二句起的三句话都是分项阐述带来了具体的哪些利益，所以首句是概述总说，是该段落的主题句。【答案】Rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public as offering great benefits.2主题句位于段尾主题句位于段尾，便于总结全段的内容，给读者以深刻的印象，是写作中的一种归纳方法。写出所给段落的主题句Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them.Japanes
227、e might feel insulted because American friends greet them casually.Still，the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others.It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.主题句：_【解析】段
228、落第一、二句提出“美国人和日本人对对方的欢迎方式所表现出的不理解情绪”，第三句说明其实双方的欢迎方式都是出于对对方的尊重。第四句则阐明其实是由于双方对人际关系的不同看法，所导致的表达尊重方式的不同，该句应视为主题句，是对前三句的概括陈述。【答案】It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.3主题句位于段中位于段中的主题句多用作转折句，一般由but
229、，however，yet，anyhow，nevertheless等词连接。此种结构段落方式常用于首段，先是引言呈现话题，然后通过转折连接词话锋一转，切入作者的观点，即全文的主旨。写出所给段落的主题句Karaoke，which was invented by a Japanese，is one of the greatest wonders of modern technology.Needless to say，Karaoke is a good way of rest.You can learn a new song easily.Its also a good way to make yo
230、ur friends happy.Nearly everybody has a chance to be a singing star.However，everything has two sides，so does Karaoke.Its noisy to your neighbors.Besides，if you sing badly，they will feel uncomfortable.In fact，you are sure to make a sound pollution.主题句：_【解析】第一句提出“卡拉OK是现代科技的创举之一”，第二、三、四、五句说明“卡拉OK带来的种种好
231、处”。第六句出现重要转折词“However”，把话题转换到另一个层面“每样东西都有其两面性，卡拉OK亦是如此”。第七、八、九句对此弊端进行阐述和分析。所以本段第六句应视为主题句。【答案】However，everything has two sides，so does Karaoke.二、提取关键词有些语篇并没有明显的主题句，那么就需要从关键词角度来提炼概要的主题信息。下面让我们一起来学习提取关键词的有效策略。1关键词是陈述主体，是体现话题的实词任何语篇或语段，无论是记叙、说明或议论体裁，它总是围绕一个话题来展开的。所谓话题，其实就是语篇中主要的陈述对象或主要事件或议论的中心观点，因此这些实词就
232、是语篇或语段的关键词。段落内层次变化时，不同句子的主语代表着不同的信息主体，通常也是关键词所在。写出所给段落的关键词和段落概要Some families，with the English imperial family being a good example，have hereditary(遗传的)diseases.This means their children will for sure have the family disease，which is a great trouble for these families.In the past，doctors could do not
233、hing about hereditary diseases.But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly.The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it，and a healthy child will be born.段落关键词：_段落概要：_【解析】该段落中的陈述主体从第一、二、三句中我们可以看出是hereditary disease，第四句出现了新的陈述主体是gene technology，并且把两个陈述主体通过谓语动词solve达成了逻辑一致，第五句
234、则是在此问题解决的基础上带来的结果即a healthy baby，于是它也就成了第三个陈述主体。所以归纳本段概要就是把这三个关键词用逻辑关系组织起来。【答案】段落关键词：hereditary disease；gene technology；a healthy baby段落概要：Gene technology makes it possible for people with genetic diseases to give birth to healthy babies.2关键词是与主概念相对应的谓语动词所谓与主概念相对应的谓语动词，就是对陈述对象的陈述，同样是关键词。写出所给段落的关键词和段
235、落概要The power of color has been used for centuries and we should make the most of it in our lives.Color affects us to a greater extent than most of us realize.It is used increasingly by psychologists and therapists for influencing mood and state of mind，and for various types of treatments when we are
236、 ill.Some people even believe that the blind can benefit from the “vibrations”that color gives off.段落关键词：_段落概要：_【解析】全段共四句话，每句话都出现了color，因此可以确定陈述主体是color，与该主概念对应的谓语动词是be used，然后从be used for后展开的细节完整谓语的信息。【答案】段落关键词：color，be used for段落概要：Colors are used to influence mood and treat illness more widely.3关
237、键词是高频重复的实词重复是词汇衔接中最直接的一种方式，指出现的语言可以是从形式到意义完全一致的词，也可以是同源词。如果一个词在文本中出现越频繁，那么这个词就越有可能成为文章的关键词。因为作者要对重要的内容或反复强调，或多方论述，或全面介绍，这就必然导致相关词语出现的频率较高。写出所给段落的关键词和段落概要Not everyone likes to read books regularly but they might like to read about the lives of stars.Autobiographies are helping to get more British peo
238、ple reading books.About 100 million autobiographies are sold in Britain every year.More stars depend on them for extra income and as more of these books appear in the shops，more people are sure to keep buying them.段落关键词：_段落概要：_【解析】文中反复出现的read，autobiographies就是段落的关键词，根据段落意思，可以结合关键词写出段落概要。【答案】段落关键词：re
239、ad，autobiographies段落概要：Thanks to autobiographies，more British people are involved in reading now.4关键词是概括性的实词上下义词(整体局部)关系：指一个成分所表达的意义属于另一个成分所包含的意义范围。我们知道，上义词可用于关键词，概括文章主要信息，而下义词围绕主要信息展开，对主要信息加以阐明、补充或论证。因此，作为上义词的关键词常具概括性。写出所给段落的关键词和段落概要Purple is seen as creative and mixed well with red，to show that a
240、company has ideas and the power to make them happen.Orange and blue are also recommended colors for companies to use, because orange is the color of communication and blue suggests safety and security.So this could be a particularly good combination.Companies have found certain colors“speak”to speci
241、fic age groups.They often use red to attract younger people to their products，for example，as it is vibrant and more youthful than colors like gold and navy，which older customers seem to prefer.段落关键词：_段落概要：_【解析】该段落中出现了purple、red、orange、blue、gold、navy六个下义词，也同时反复出现了他们的上义词color。所以关键词应是具有概括意义的color。其次，段落
242、中还有一个重要的陈述实体是company，两者之间的关系是：companies use colors，目的是attract customers。【答案】段落关键词：color，company，use段落概要：Companies make use of colors to promote sales，considering the meanings it carries and age groups it appeals to.5关键词是特殊位置的实词每个语段构成都有其自身特点，或总分，或分总，或并列，或转折，或解释，或承接等等。不同的构成，就意味着关键词的位置不同。比如文本的标题、文本的首尾段
243、和首尾句等含有较重要的信息，因此出现在这些地方的实词具有一定的代表性，更可能成为关键词。并列语段的关键词常常分布在并列的各个层次中，而转折语段的关键词一般在转折词所引导的后半部分。写出所给段落的关键词和段落概要The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease，poisons and the suns harmful rays.The functions of your skin
244、are also very complex：it keeps you warm or cool；it prevents your body from losing too much water；it is where you feel cold，heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.So as you can imagine，if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.First aid is a very important step in the treatment of bu
245、rns.段落关键词：_段落概要：_【解析】全段共五句，前三句的陈述主体分别是skin和its function；第四句话引出与主概念对应的谓语动词get burned，属于新信息；最后一句又出现了新的陈述主体first aid。根据说明文的特点，首段最后一句常有总结话题，并引出下文的作用，所以该句中的first aid一定是全文的关键词。【答案】段落关键词：skin，function，first aid，burns段落概要：The skin being a fundamental and multifunctional organ，first aid is of crucial importa
246、nce towards its burns.写出下列段落主题句和段落概要1The wide use of email may be due to its unique advantages.First of all，people who adore email love to say that its quick and convenient.In addition，this kind of computerized exchange may create friendship.People who are lazy at writing letters may prefer email.Wh
247、ats more，email is a relatively cheap way to leave a message for someone who is far away.段落主题句：_段落概要：_2Despite the advantages of email，it also has some disadvantages.It removes facetoface conversation and makes people feel lonely.And when we are cut off from our coworkers，our sense of community and c
248、ommon purpose declines.段落主题句：_段落概要：_3In order to encourage their children to do some housework，some parents give pocket money if the children help around the home.Some experts think it not wise to pay the children for doing that.As helping at home is a normal part of family life.段落主题句：_段落概要：_4When J
249、ohn was growing up，other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood，he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage and was healthier.Most of al
250、l，he was happier.Far happier.段落主题句：_段落概要：_5Smoking is a very harmful and unhealthy hobby.Above all，cigarettes contain nicotine, a poisonous substance that has the effect of causing cancer，a dreadful and incurable disease.It is estimated that more than 80 percent of lung cancer victims are smokers.Bu
251、t if you stop smoking，the threat of such a disease will be greatly reduced.Financially，a heavy smoker needs much money to buy cigarettes.The cost thus becomes a heavy burden to his family.Whats more，if a teenager is addicted to smoking，how can he keep a sound mind in a sound body?段落主题句：_段落概要：_【答案】1段
252、落主题句：The wide use of email may be due to its unique advantages.段落概要：Email gains great popularity on account of its special strengths.2段落主题句：Despite the advantages of email，it also has some disadvantages.段落概要：While enjoying its benefits，we are still confronted with the weaknesses of email such as lon
253、eliness and a lack of the sense of community.3段落主题句：Some experts think it not wise to pay the children for doing that.段落概要：Children get paid because of their helping housework is considered as an unwise practice.4段落主题句：Most of all，he was happier.Far happier.段落概要：Having done everyday chores during ch
254、ildhood，John became a far happier person.5段落主题句：Smoking is a very harmful and unhealthy hobby.段落概要：Smoking poses a great threat to quality of life.技法二提炼、压缩段落主题句或关键信息目前概要写作造成低分的主要原因之一是：部分学生不会概括，他们只是摘抄了文中个别句子。照抄原文句子，而不用自己的话表达，按考试说明评分标准是要扣分的，作文的档次就上不去。还有，部分学生找不到要点，写了与文章主旨无关紧要的句子。这说明解读文本不透彻，也达不到评分标准中要求的
255、“覆盖全部要点”，要得高分根本不可能。所以要学会提炼，压缩段落主题句式关键信息。在概要写作中，如何识别概括性的语言是一种能力。要识别概括性的语言，首先要学会辨析概括性与细节描写等语言之间的区别，会识别什么样的语言是概括性的，什么样的语言是细节性、描述性的。在概要写作中，能恰当地删除细节、删除具体例子或减少例子也是一种把握主旨的能力。那么删除细节包括哪些方面呢？我们认为，删除具体描述、删除事例、删除数据、论据、避免重复等都包含在内。让我们通过具体例子来提炼、压缩段落主题句或关键信息。原句表达：The countryside my father grew up in was large in si
256、ze.提炼压缩：_【解析】large对一个countryside来说就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉。更简洁的表达方式也可以为：My father grew up in a large countryside.【答案】The countryside my father grew up in was large.原句表达：One winter Sunday，my little sister Colleen and I built the greatest snowman ever.For personality，we gave him a traditional carr
257、ot nose，beautiful hat，cozy scarf and gloves.提炼压缩：_【解析】删除后面对雪人的具体描述For personality，we gave him a traditional carrot nose，beautiful hat，cozy scarf and gloves.【答案】One winter Sunday，my younger sister and I produced an attractive snowman.原句表达：Li is a new student.He comes from a southern province.He speak
258、s a dialect.We find it hard to understand his dialect.提炼压缩：_【解析】本句采用删除重复，运用分词、同位语以及定语从句的手法，有效地将几个句子连接起来，意思更为连贯与简洁。【答案】Li，a new student from a southern province，speaks a dialect which is difficult for us to understand.原句表达：They were waiting for the meeting to begin.They talked with each other.They ta
259、lked about the womens football team.The team had won victories in Guangzhou.提炼压缩：_【解析】主语多次重复，可以删除一些，只留一个。这些句子中的“They talked with each other.”的意思已经包含在“They talked about the womens football team.”中，故可以删去。删除重复。【答案】While waiting for the meeting to begin，they talked about the victories won by the womens
260、football team in Guangzhou.原句表达：Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons：prices are often lower online；you dont have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.提炼压缩：_【解析】删去细节“prices are often lower onl
261、ine；you dont have to queue up in busy shops”与“buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse”。【答案】Online shoppings great strengths contribute to the increasing popularity of it.原句表达：Both male and female are buying into the trend，but women are expected to do more shopping on t
262、he Internet than men.It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be.Average spending online this Spring Festival by women will rise to 3，360 yuan compared to the slightly lower average of 3，262 yuan for men.提炼压缩：_【解析】删除细节“Average spending online this
263、 Spring Festival by women will rise to 3，360 yuan compared to the slightly lower average of 3，262 yuan for men”，高度概括。删除细节与具体数字。【答案】Womens desires to shop on the Internet are more overwhelming than mens.原句表达：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai，Lushan Mountain，and Huangshan Mountain，were visited by onl
264、y a few people in the past.Today，better wages，holidays with pay，new hotels on those mountains，and better train and bus services，have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.提炼压缩：_【解析】减少具体例子(删去Lushan Mountain，and Huangshan Mountain)；使用概括性语言the development of
265、 society代替具体表达“Today，better wages，holidays with pay，new hotels on those mountains，and better train and bus services，have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago”。【答案】With the development of society，more and more people are visiting beautiful mountains like
266、Mount Tai.对下列段落主题句或关键信息提炼、压缩1She was wearing a fulllength skirt which swept the ground.Despite her great age，she was very graceful indeed，but，so far，the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity._2We know that many animals do not stay in one place.Birds，fish and other animals move fro
267、m one place to another place at a certain time.They move for different reasons：most of them move to find food more easily，but others move to get away from places that are too crowded._3Chess is a twoplayer game.One player uses the white pieces.The other uses the black pieces.Each piece moves in a sp
268、ecial way.One piece is called the king.Each player has one.The players take turns moving their pieces.If a player lands on a piece，he or she takes it.The game ends when a player loses his or her king.There are a few more rules，but those are the basics._1【解析】删去对女人详细的外表描写。【答案】Her identity is unknown.2
269、【解析】删去“We know that many animals do not stay in one place.Birds，fish and other animals move from one place to another place at a certain time”，用“migration”来概括。删去具体原因“most of them move to find food more easily，but others move to get away from places that are too crowded”，用“a range of reasons”来概括。【答案】
270、A range of reasons can account for the migration of animals.3【解析】省去后面的具体描述“One player uses the white pieces.The other uses the black pieces.Each piece moves in a special way.One piece is called the king.Each player has one.The players take turns moving their pieces.If a player lands on a piece，he or
271、 she takes it.The game ends when a player loses his or her king.There are a few more rules，but those are the basics.”【答案】Chess is a game where two people get involved in.技法三改造、转换段落主题句或关键信息新高考的概要写作题型，突破了传统写作的限制，创造性地把“读”和“写”有机地结合起来。概要写作考试说明要求学生在表达时完全使用自己的语言，独立表达各要点。我们应如何独立表达概要要点呢？考生先必须对原文有透彻的理解；然后提炼、归
272、纳段落要点，最后用自己熟悉的词汇、句型加以表达。改变语序、转化词性、同义替换、反义表达、改变句子结构是概要写作释义转述的有效形式。如果考生能在平时积累一些高级词汇，短语或句型结构，并在训练中熟练地使用这些表达方式，便能在考场上整合概要表达技能，增强语言表达的灵活性和独立性，从而游刃有余地发挥，最大限度地提高自己的概要得分。一、改变词序词序是指句子中各个成分的先后次序。改变词序是指在不改变原句含义的基础上，调整概要要点表达中各成分的先后次序。原句：There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述人们对脏物的态度不是一成不变的
273、，转述时，我们可以调整attitudes to dirt的词序，从而实现要点独立表达。【答案】Attitudes towards dirt are various in different time.原句：Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述当今人们对脏物的态度存在巨大的分歧，转述时，我们可以改变单词间的词序。【答案】Nowadays peoples attitudes to dirt are still different largely.二、转化词性词性转化是指一个词由一种词类转化为另一种词类，其词形有时有
274、变化，但单词内容不发生实质性变化，考生可以使用词性转化来体现要点表达的独立性。原句：Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述当今人们对脏物的态度存在巨大的分歧，为实现要点独立表达，我们可以把动词differ改为名词difference或形容词different。【答案】Peoples attitudes to dirt are still largely different now.或Nowadays there exists great differences about peoples attitudes to
275、 dirt.原句：In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述在16世纪初期，人们认为皮肤上的脏物是一种阻挡疾病的方式。我们可以把动词thought和block变为名词形式。【答案】In the early 16th century，people held a thought that dirt on the skin could work as a block against disease.三、同义词替换同义替换是指用
276、词性相同的同义词、近义词或同义词组对原句的某些成分进行相应的替代，而句子意思保持不变。同义替换包含同义词替换，同义短语替换和同意句替换。原句：In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述在16世纪初期，人们认为皮肤上的脏物是一种阻挡疾病的方式。为实现要点独立表达，我们可以把thought换为同义词regarded；把block out转述成同义短语defended.against或a barrier against。【答案
277、】In the early 16th century，people thought dirt on the skin defended their bodies against the attack of disease.或In the early 16th century，people regarded dirt on the skin as a barrier against disease.原句：Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a stron
278、g immune system.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述鼓励孩子玩泥巴等脏物以增强其免疫系统。play in the dirt可同义释义为exposure to some dirt；build up可同义转述为strengthen或boost。【答案】Exposure to some dirt may help boost our strong immune system.四、反义表达反义表达也叫反向表达，即把肯定形式改成否定形式，否定形式改成肯定形式，正话反说，反话正说，从而实现语言的正反转换。原句：There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dir
279、t.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述人们对脏物的态度不是一成不变的。转述时可以把句式改成否定句或语意的反向表达从而实现独立表达。【答案】There are no fixed attitudes to dirt.或Peoples attitudes to dirt have been changing all the time.原句：Jack didnt pass the driving test，but he still hoped to.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述Jack虽然没能通过驾照考试，但他仍然希望通过。转述时可以把否定形式didnt pass反向表达为failed肯定形式。【答案】Alth
280、ough Jack failed to pass the driving test，he still hoped to.五、改变句子结构即释义时运用不同的句式，运用最基本、最简明、最典型的句子结构来表达与原句相同的句意。常用的策略有：改变语态，句式变换，从句变短语，从句变分词，简单句变复合句。原句：Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述Mary Ruebush鼓励孩子玩泥巴等脏物以增
281、强孩子的免疫系统。转述时，我们可以把encourages children to play in the dirt转述成children should be encouraged to play in the dirt被动结构。【答案】Children should be encouraged to play in the dirt to boost their strong immune system.原句：In the 18th century.cleaning away dirt is good to health.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述在18世纪，人们认为清除身体上的脏物对健康有好
282、处。转述时可引入强调结构，实现句式变换。【答案】It was not until in the 18th century that people came to believe washing off dirt is good to health.原句：Research using animals has provided psychologists with information that has greatly benefited humans.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述使用动物做研究给心理学家提供了有效的信息，这些信息对人类有很大的帮助。转述时，我们可以把information tha
283、t has greatly benefited humans这一定语从句结构简化为名词短语。【答案】Research using animals has provided psychologists with beneficial information about humans.原句：Researchers who use animals in psychological experiments must make every effort to minimize(最小化) discomfort，illness and pain.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述了使用动物来做心理实验的调查者需尽最
284、大努力去减少动物的不适、疾病和痛苦。转述时，我们可以把who use animals in psychological experiments这一定语从句结构转述成using animals in psychological experiments，用分词作定语或用by using animals in psychological experiments作状语。【答案】By using animals in psychological experiments，researchers should go their extraordinary lengths to avoid animals p
285、hysical and psychological sufferings.原句：Since the 18th century，people thought that cleaning away dirt is good to health.表达：_【解析】该要点讲述18世纪以来，人们认为清除身体上的脏物对健康有好处。转述时，我们可以增加people have developed the belief that.这一同位语结构，实现语意转述。【答案】Since the 18th century，people have developed the belief that cleaning away
286、 dirt can prevent disease.原句：Researchers who use animals in experiments should try their best to protect animals from unnecessary sufferings.表达：_【解析】要点讲述使用动物做实验的研究者应该尽力保护动物免遭不必要的伤害。在概要转述时，如能用高级句型结构：It is highly recommended that./What is highly recommended is that.便能体现语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的关注。【答案】What is highl
287、y recommended is that researchers using animals should try their best to avoid causing animals unnecessary discomfort.根据提示对下列句子进行改造、转换1By using animal researches，psychologists can provide information which is beneficial to humans.(被动语态)By using animal researches，beneficial information can be provide
288、d for humans.2People suggest that the conference should be put off at once.(被动语态)It is suggested that the conference be put off at once.3Actually，he runs so fast that none of his classmates can catch up with him.(so.that倒装)Actually，so fast does he run that none of his classmates can catch up with hi
289、m.4Most stars are skilled in their own field not only because of their talents but also their hard training.(强调句型)It is hard work as well as talents that result in most stars great achievements.5If there were no natural talent，continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive. (without)
290、Without natural talent，continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive.6Everyone has darkness in his life，but if there were no shadows，we wouldnt know we were standing in the light.(without)Everyone has darkness in his life，but without shadows，we wouldnt know we were standing in the l
291、ight.7Though Jack was faced with great danger，he never stopped the supply of information to the police.(分词作状语)Though faced with/facing great danger，Jack never stopped the supply of information to the police.8The plans are carried out faithfully and youll lose weight successfully.(as long as引导状语从句)As
292、 long as the plans are carried out faithfully，youll lose weight successfully.9I had just reached the station，and at once the train started.(no sooner.than引导的倒装)No sooner had I reached the station than the train started.10It does offer some beneficial information to improve humans development.(高级词汇替换
293、)It does offer some beneficial information to boost/enhance humans development.技法四增加过渡词语，使行文衔接连贯写概要的时候，要准确表达原文的意思，也应充分考虑文章中体现出来的逻辑关系。逻辑关系理顺了，文章写起来也顺了，阅读概要文章的人也更理解我们要表述的内容了。在写作时，我们可以适当地运用一些衔接词，体现文章中的逻辑关系，使得完成的概要结构紧凑。常见的表示并列或递进关系的衔接词有：both.and.，not only.but also.，as well，apart from，besides，futhermore，
294、whats more，whats worse，worse still，moreover，in addition to等。常见的表示因果关系的衔接词有：therefore，thus，consequently，accordingly，because of，due to，now that，in that，for fear that，as a result of等。常见的表示转折关系的衔接词有：however，but，yet，instead，despite，inspite of，unlike，on the contrary，even though，by contrast等。常见的表示对比关系的衔接词有
295、：while，however，but，whereas，similarly，alike，equally important，meanwhile，at the same time，on the one hand.on the other hand，for one thing.for another.等。其他的衔接词还有：first of all，recently，lately，on the whole，in a word，in short，generally speaking，above all，in fact等。以下是将两个段落概括后，得出的两个概要句子。这样，段落与段落之间的逻辑关系就转变成了
296、句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，分别体现出句子之间的并列或递进关系，因果关系，转折关系，对比关系等。那么怎样巧妙地利用衔接词使得结构紧凑呢？让我们来学一学，练一练吧。概要两句：The graduates themselves are responsible for the situation.The government should be responsible for it too.衔接表达：_【解析】两个句子间呈并列关系，故用not only.but also来连接，也可以用as well as/both.and.来表达。本句表示不仅毕业生应该为社会形势负责，政府也应该为此负责。【答案】Not
297、 only are the graduates themselves responsible for the situation，but also the government should.概要两句：Recently，the unsafe additives make people worried about the food safety.The government has already taken action to improve the situation.衔接表达：_【解析】两个句子间呈因果关系，所以用consequently来连接，此外还可以用hence来连接。本句表示不安全
298、的添加剂让人们担忧食品安全问题，因此政府已经采取行动来改善这个形势。【答案】Recently，the unsafe additives make people worried about the food safety.Consequently，the government has already taken action to improve the situation.概要两句：Sensitive people can quickly fit into any social situation.If a sensitive person experiences pain，its very
299、hard for him to let it go.衔接表达：_【解析】两个句子间呈转折关系，故用on the contrary来连接，表示敏感的人很快能融入社会形势，然而他经历痛苦的时候，很难放下。【答案】Sensitive people can quickly fit into any social situation.On the contrary，if a sensitive person experiences pain，its very hard for him to let it go.概要两句：Fishes and birds migrate to feed.Some anim
300、als，such as a kind of mouse in northern Europe，move for more spaces to live in.衔接表达：_【解析】两个句子间呈对比关系，故用while来连接，也可以用meanwhile来连接。本句表示鱼与鸟为了食物而迁徙，而一些动物，比如北欧的一种老鼠，为了更多的空间居住而搬家。【答案】Fishes and birds migrate to feed，while some animals，such as a kind of mouse in northern Europe，move for more spaces to live
301、in.增加衔接词，使下列句子连贯1概要两句：The findings reflect that some people cant get information.They are too shy.衔接表达：_2概要两句：Parents improper involvement isnt helpful.They know little about their childrens task.衔接表达：_3概要两句：The electronic games please them.They increase the sense of their loneliness.衔接表达：_4概要两句：Its
302、 quantity demand has increased rapidly.Thats because the bottled water is convenient.衔接表达：_5概要两句：The students have pressure from studies in order to find good jobs.Parents dont need to put much pressure on them.衔接表达：_【答案】1The findings reflect that some individuals cant get information owing to their
303、 shyness.2Parents improper involvement isnt helpful in that they know little about their childrens task.3No matter how much the electronic games please them，they increase the sense of their loneliness.4Its quantity demand has increased rapidly due to the convenient bottled water.5The students have p
304、ressure from studies in order to find good jobs.Accordingly，parents dont need to put much pressure on them.概要写作评分标准档次描述第五档(2125分)原文理解与呈现：理解准确，涵盖全部要点。语法结构与词汇：能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。上下文的连贯性：有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。语言表达独立性：完全使用自己的语言。第四档(1620分)原文理解与呈现：理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。语法结构与词汇：所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。上下文的连
305、贯性：比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。语言表达独立性：有个别整句抄自原文。第三档(1115分)原文理解与呈现：理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。语法结构与词汇：所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达。上下文的连贯性：应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上下文内容连贯。语言表达独立性：出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第二档(610分)原文理解与呈现：理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点。语法结构与词汇：有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。上下文的连贯性：较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。语言表达独立性：出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第一档(15分)原文理解与呈
306、现：没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符。语法结构与词汇：有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。上下文的连贯性：缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。语言表达独立性：多个句子抄自原文。0分白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。A篇 (2020山东莱阳一中月考)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environmentsmostly for entertainment purposes is fair and
307、 respectful？Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However，most zoos remain“collections”of interesting“things”rather than protective habitats.Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored，lonely，and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim to educate people and save endan
308、gered species，but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior，intelligence，or beauty.Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages，and most signs only mention the species name，diet，and natural range(分布区)The animals normal behavior is seldom noticed
309、because zoos dont usually take care of the animals natural needs.The animals are kept together in small spaces，with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise.This results in unusual and selfdestructive behavior called zoochosis(动物精神病)A worldwide study of zoos found that zooc
310、hosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages.Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars，and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth，a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore，most animals in
311、 zoos are not endangered.Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats，Asian elephants，and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild.Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out.In fact，baby animals
312、 also attract a lot of paying customers.Havent we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?Actually，we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to finding reasons for people killing them.Instead of supporting zoos，we should support groups that work to protect a
313、nimals natural habitats._【参考范文】It is unfair to keep animals in zoos because most zoos only collect interesting animals but dont protect them.(要点1)Firstly，visitors，when leaving zoos，havent increased their knowledge of animals and animal protection.(要点2)Secondly，kept in small crowded spaces，animals ev
314、en abnormally hurt themselves.(要点3)And thirdly，most animals kept in zoos are not those dying out.(要点4)So we should support groups protecting animals natural habitats instead of supporting zoos.(要点5)B篇 (2020浙江宁波九校期末)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。For hundreds of years，education has been closely connected
315、with writing.Professors had been writing down their lectures，and students had been keeping notes.Goose feathers and parchment(羊皮纸) changed to ballpoint pens and paper，but the essence has remained the same：Knowledge passed down from one person to another must be thoroughly recorded.With the emergence
316、 and development of mobile technologies such as laptops and smartphones，using conventional methods is gradually becoming obsolete(淘汰的)Students tend to use laptops in class more often than pens and paper.And although there are still many educational institutions that ban students from using computers
317、 in class，there are many arguments in favor of doing so.On the one hand，let us face reality：People today do not write as much as they used to several years ago.This is especially true in the case of the youth：Teenagers and young adults tend to feel more confident and comfortable typing on their devi
318、ces rather than writing on paper.Taking notes in class requires a student to write very fast，which often decreases the readability of the notes taken.Sometimes it can be quite difficult for a student to understand what he or she hurriedly wrote down in class.At the same time，typing on a laptop helps
319、 write the important information down in a comprehensible and accurate way.Also，handwriting always involves grammatical mistakes，ink blots(墨水渍)，and so on.Obviously，students seldom experience such problems while using computers.On the other hand，technology is something youth nowadays have got so accu
320、stomed to that without it，they operate less efficiently.Students get used to such devices as smartphones，laptops，tablets，and other gadgets，and naturally incorporate them in whatever they do，be it leisure time or studying.Not allowing students to use tablets in class means depriving(剥夺) them of somet
321、hing that is almost a part of them and of their daily lives.If young people know how to use technology to their advantage and increase their studying effectiveness with its help，why forbid them from doing it?_【参考范文】For centuries，knowledge has been recorded with handwriting.(要点1)However，with such tec
322、hnologies as laptops developing，traditional recording methods are outdated.Despite many educational departments prohibiting it，many arguments are for using computers in class.(要点2)For one thing，typing on devices can record information comprehensibly and accurately and avoid unnecessary mistakes.(要点3
323、)For another，accustomed to devices and taking advantage of them to study effectively，students should not be banned from using them.(要点4)C篇 (2020浙江湖州中学模拟)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Once upon a time，eating alone was just that：sitting down in a restaurant on ones own and eating a meal.Everyone did it so
324、metimes，and when they did so they might be a little embarrassed.To eat alone might suggest that you didnt have any family or friends，or didnt like people.There was a kind of shame attached to it.Nowadays，however，there is more and more solitary(独自的) eating.People choose to eat alone for various reaso
325、ns.“Foodies”people who have a passionate interest in cuisine(菜肴)do it because all they need for their pleasure is the chance to eat good food.They dont want company or conversation，but the joy of eating some special dishes.Other people eat alone because its simply practical for them to do so.For ins
326、tance，its estimated that nearly a third of all the customers of fastfood restaurants eat alone.They are served with their food fast，eat it fast and then leave fastbecause they have a meeting to attend or a child to pick up from school.But for others，the appeal of eating alone is quite different.Its
327、an experience of freedom.For the hour that it takes to have a meal，they can forget all the pressures of their lives.For a while，they dont have to deal with their family or job.They can relax and let their mind wander.Maybe they will bring a book，a newspaper or perhaps they will shyly spy on the peop
328、le around them.Part of the appeal of this new trend is surely that a meal taken alone is like a little holiday from the busyness of modern life，in which we have so much to do all the time.David Annand，editor of US.based Conde Nast Traveller magazine，who delights in dining alone，speaks of his pleasur
329、e in the “rhythm of a meal in a restaurantits ebb and flow，the regular arrival and departure of the waiter”This restaurant rhythm allows him and others，he writes，to sit back，observe，and think._【参考范文】Nowadays，there are more and more people eating alone.(要点1)“Foodies”do it because they have the chance to eat good food and get pleasure from it.(要点2)Besides，other people choose to eat alone because it is workable.(要点3)Lastly，for others who prefer to eat alone，they enjoy the time of being free.(要点4)