1、第五讲名词性从句12015福建高考I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.答案：how由句子结构分析“wonder”后为宾语从句，由答语内容知宾语从句中用how引导，how在宾语从句中作方式状语。22015湖南高考You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.答案：where由句子结构分析“_ youre going”为know的宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少g
2、o的地点状语，故用where引导。32015陕西高考Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for_ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案：what由句子结构分析，“for”后为它的宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少动词“achieved”的宾语，故用what。42015重庆高考We must find out_Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案：when由句子结构分析，“_Karl is coming”为动词短语“find out”的
3、宾语从句，从句中只能填连接副词，由主句的逻辑意义可知从句中应用when作时间状语。52015四川高考The exhibition tells us _ we should do something to stop air pollution.答案：why从句子结构分析可知考查“tell”的宾语从句，且从句中的逻辑意义可知用连接副词why在从句中作原因状语。62015安徽高考A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not_ ships are built for.答案：what由句子结构分析考查表语从句，且表语从句中缺少介词“for”的宾语，故用what。7201
4、4大纲全国卷Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案：when 分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。82014北京高考The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.答案：when 根据设空处前面的“The best moment”可知表语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。92014天津高
5、考I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案：what 根据分析可知在主语从句“_impresses me about his painting”中，所缺的词作主语且表示“物”，所以填what。102014重庆高考Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.答
6、案：why 根据句意填why。why引导同位语从句。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。2012广东高考Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _16_(wear) sunglasses. He walked in as if he _17_ (buy) the school! And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.For some
7、reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt _18_ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _19_ last row._20_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made i
8、t a little _21_ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _22_ made her feel like a star.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？” the teacher asked. The ne
9、w boy shook his head. “Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _24_ the boy would do. Then he took _25_ off, gave a big smile and said, “Thats
10、 cool.”Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文主要讲述的是Mary与新转来的学生在课堂上发生的一些趣事。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。16wearing。 根据结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词，判断wear的逻辑主语。17had_bought。 as if后面跟的虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。18pleased。felt为系动词，其后跟形容词，注意please的形容词形式。19the。考查冠词用法。20If。根据句式结构可知，此处考查连词，根据语义来判断此处填表示条件的连词if。21harder。考查形容词的用法，a little用来修饰比较级，结合语境可知。22which。此
11、处考查定语从句，根据句子可知此处考查非限制性定语从句。which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。23.for。根据空格位置可知此处应填介词，结合语义可知答案。24what。考查名词性从句用法，根据wonder后跟从句可知，该从句为宾语从句，因此按宾语从句选择连词的方法确定答案。25them。根据句子结构可判断考查代词用法，结合语义，判断代替的内容确定答案。Step 3：代入验证。需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)各种名词性从句的结构特点；(2)常用连接代词及连接副词的运用条件；(3)对于what/that/whatever/whether/if等易混名
12、词性从句的掌握；(4)it在名词性从句中作形式主语和形式宾语的用法；(5)that的省略情况以及各从句的时态与语序问题。学情分析考生在学习从句的过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)句子结构分析不清，对各种从句类型无法准确判断；(2)引导词在从句中的使用情况不熟练，也不能准确运用，例如what与which，what与whatever等；(3)名词性从句与定语从句中的引导词混用，比如关系代词that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，而在名词性从句中that不作任何成分，只起连接作用；(4)对从句中的语序及时态意识淡漠，而造成一些不必要的错误。考点一名词性从句的不同类型及其结构分析下列例句，归纳各名词
13、性从句的结构。1主语从句That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。What matters most in learning English is enough practice.学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.其他人怎么想你不关你的事，要相信你自己。It is obvious to the
14、 students that they should get well prepared for their future.显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。归纳：主语从句的结构：(1)(例句)_答案：连接词主语谓语其他谓语其他。(2)(例句)_答案：It(形式主语)谓语其他连接词主语谓语其他。2宾语从句Im afraid (that) I cant accept your invitation.恐怕我不能接受你的邀请。I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现花更多
15、时间练习英语口语是必要的。Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆除了有时候迟到外，还是很不错的男孩。I dont think that you should go abroad in the future.我认为你将来不应该出国。归纳：宾语从句的结构：(1)(例句)_答案：表示情感的形容词连接词主语谓语其他。(2)(例句)_答案：及物动词it宾补连接词主语谓语其他。(3)(例句)_答案：及物动词(短语)/介词连接词主语谓语其他。3表语从句My decision was that all of us are
16、 to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.我们上次玩得很快乐是我们在游览水上公园的时候。As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be.众所周知，中国再也不是从前的中国了。One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy a
17、ccess to places like shops and restaurants.她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。归纳：表语从句的结构：_答案：系动词连接词主语谓语其他。4同位语从句We should consider the students request that the school library provide more books on popular science.我们应该考虑学生的要求，即学校图书馆应该提供更多的大众科学方面的书籍。The problem whether we should continue to do the expe
18、riment has been solved.我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决。I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。I made a promise to myself that this year, my third year in Senior school, would be different.我向自己保证：今年我高中的第三年将会是不同的一年。归纳：(1)同位语从句的结构：_答案：名词连接词主语谓语其他。注意：不难发现，同位语从句的结构与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的名词的内容作进一步的解释说明，而定语从
19、句是对前面的名词进行了修饰、限制。同位语从句常放在feeling, news, doubt, problem, promise, idea等名词后，而定语从句不受此限制。对比以下例句，辨别其为何种从句：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(2)句为_从句；句为_从句。答案：同位语；定语考点二名词性
20、从句连接词的选择名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等，根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类：1从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what (ever), which (ever), who (ever), whom (ever)，前两组指事物，后两组指人，通常情况下，which是在语境中提供了范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what (ever)。What was
21、most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句，what作主语)她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。The employers often give the job to whoever they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty.(宾语从句，whoever作主语)雇主经常会把工作给他们认为有工作经验并且有强烈责任感的人。典例12015四川成都二诊Yon can tell about a person by _ he says about other
22、s in their absence.解析what考查宾语从句用法。根据句式结构可以判断该题考查介词by后跟的宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且指事，故填what。句意：你可以通过其他人不在时，他谈论的关于他的事来辨别一个人。典例22015重庆南开中学一诊Do you really hate Mary that much?Yes, indeed. And I feel sorry for _ marries her.解析whoever考查宾语从句用法。根据句式结构可以判断此处考查的是宾语从句用法，且从句中缺少主语指人，结合句意可知答案是whoever。句意：你真的很憎恨Mary吗？是的，的确是，并且
23、无论谁娶她我都为谁感到难过。2从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少表语、状语等成分，此时则用when, where, why, how, whether/if, how many/much等带有语义的连接词。Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(宾语从句，缺语义)一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。It is obvious that people hold different opinions about whether volun
24、tary services should be financially rewarded.(宾语从句，缺语义)很明显，人们对志愿者服务是否应该有经济奖励持不同观点。What is concerning us greatly is when the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free. (表语从句，缺语义)使我们非常担心的是昨天在该区域被劫持的工人什么时候将被释放。典例32015苏锡常镇四市调研一Having a good command of the language of the country where your
25、e going to study is necessary, because language skills affect _ you perform academically.解析how考查宾语从句用法。根据句式结构可以判断从句为宾语从句，从句中不缺主语，也不需要宾语(perform不及物)，结合语义，可知答案是how。句意：熟练掌握你要去学习的国家的语言是必要的，因为语言技能影响到你学术上如何表现。典例42015安徽安庆一中四模There have been frequent railway accidents in China recently, and that is _ people
26、 are concerned.解析where考查表语从句。根据从句位于系动词之后可知考查表语从句的用法，从句中不缺主语，也不需要宾语(被动语态)，故结合语义可知答案是where。句意：最近在中国频繁发生了几次铁路事故，那是人们关注的焦点所在。3从句中既不缺少主语和宾语，又语义完整，则用连接词that。It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. (主语从句，不缺成分和语义)会议推迟到了下周一已经定下来了。He gave me a suggestion that we should practise speak
27、ing English in class. (同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)他建议我们课上练习说英语。典例52015福建泉州五校摸底_ golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century is generally agreed.解析That考查主语从句用法。根据句式结构可知，该题考查主语从句，且从句中既不缺成分也不缺语义，故填that。句意：人们公认高尔夫是在15世纪的苏格兰发源的。典例62015北京西城区期末It is becoming a threat to the Chinese language and culture _ some
28、 people cant write Chinese characters properly.解析that考查主语从句用法。根据句式结构可知考查主语从句用法，从句中既不缺语义也不缺成分，故填that。句意：一些中国人不会正确书写汉字成为中国语言和文化的一大威胁。考点三whether与if的区别1表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导不用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的or时必须用whether。 Whether the meeting will be
29、held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)是否要开会仍然是个问题。It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句末)他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。2whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用，但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别。(1)在及
30、物动词后()I dont care whether he doesnt come.(whether从句中不能用否定式)()I dont care whether/if he comes or not.()I dont care whether or not he comes.()I dont care if or not he comes.(if不与or not直接连用)()I dont know whether to go there.(2)在介词后在介词后常用whether，不用if。It depends on whether you can do the work well.那取决于你是
31、否能做好这项工作。典例72015四川雅安重点中学月考What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious illness soon.解析whether考查表语从句的用法。根据句式结构可知，从句为表语从句，结合语义可知，答案是whether, 因表语从句中不能用if替换whether, 故只能填whether。句意：医生真正怀疑的是我的母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。考点四疑问词ever引导的名词性从句1“疑问词ever”引导名词性从句时，有词义，并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分。Whoever bre
32、aks the law should be punished.无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.他无论去哪儿他的父母都担心。2“疑问词ever”还可以引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“no matter疑问词”互换。但“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能用来引导名词性从句。Whatever(No matter what) you do, you must do it well.无论你做什么，都必须做好。典例82015重庆一中一诊To improve the quality of our products
33、, we asked for suggestions _ had used the products.解析whoever考查宾语从句。根据句式结构可以判断该题考查宾语从句，作“asked”的宾语，从句中无主语，结合句意可知答案是whoever。句意：为了改善产品质量，我们向所有使用过我们产品的顾客广征建议。NO.1 解题步骤1分析空格的位置或句子结构，判断是否考查连词。2根据从句的不同特点，确定考查的从句类型。3根据不同从句连接词的特点，结合语义确定答案。NO.2 解题技巧1若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词，否则，句子结构就不完整。2根据两句之
34、间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。3一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连词，若从句中缺少主语和宾语，用连接代词，若作状语就用连接副词；如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整则用that。典例92015东北三校模拟一If I ask you _ you love，the answers will most likely roll off your tongue(顺嘴说)解析what分析句子结构可知需填连词，“ask”后为宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指事，故填what。句意
35、：如果我问你爱什么，答案很可能顺嘴说出来。典例102015吉林实验中学四模He discussed his thoughts on innovation (创新) in China, Facebooks future in the country and _ he is studying Chinese.解析why分析句子结构可知，“discuss”后面为宾语从句，但从句中不缺少主语和宾语，再结合语意可知，此处应填why。句意：他谈论了他在中国思想上的创新，Facebook的未来发展前景以及为什么学习汉语。1名词性从句主要侧重于连接词的选择，其解题步骤如下：(1)根据句型结构判断是否是名词性从
36、句；(2)判断从句中的成分是否缺少主语或宾语，缺少主语或宾语选择连接代词what (ever), which (ever), who (ever)以及whom (ever)；(3)若从句中不缺少主语和宾语，则根据语义使用whether/if, when, where，why, how, how much/many等连接词；(4)若从句中既不缺少主语和宾语，亦语义完整，则用that。2名词性从句中缺少主语/宾语时，常用的连接代词为what, 而定语从句中用关系代词that/which，注意区别开来。3名词性从句中的连接词that只有在引导宾语从句时可以省略(且是第一个宾语从句)，其他从句中均不可省略。4从句中的时态要和主句的时态保持一致，语序要用陈述句语序。5名词性从句是主句中不可缺少的一部分，这也是名词性从句的特性，考生可根据此特性与其他从句进行区分。