1、高考英语一轮复习课件人教版新课标必修一 Unit 4 earthquakes 作文提要提纲 姓名出生日期家庭背景教育背景工作成就评价典例 请根据下表内容写一篇介绍美国总统奥巴马的短文。姓名 巴拉克奥巴马(Barack Obama)生日 1961年8月4日 出生地点 夏威夷檀香山(Honolulu，Hawaii)居住地 芝加哥市(Chicago)家庭情况 父亲是肯尼亚(Kenya)人，母亲是美国白人，1992年结婚，育有二女(玛丽亚Malia，娜塔莎Sasha)教育背景 1983年毕业于哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)，1988年考入哈佛法学院(Harvard Law Sc
2、hool)，1991年获博士学位 职业背景 毕业后当律师、大学讲师，后来一直从政。2008年11月4日，在大选(the general election)中击败麦凯恩(John McCain)，成为首位黑人总统 范文背诵Barack Obama，the son of a black man from Kenya and a white American woman，born in Honolulu，Hawaii on August 4th,1961，lives in Chicago.Married in 1992，he has two daughters.In 1983，he graduate
3、d from Columbia University and in 1988，he was admitted into Harvard Law School，where he gained his doctors degree in 1991.After graduation he worked as a lawyer，lecturer and then began his political career.On November 4,2008，Barack Obama defeated John McCain in the general election and became the fi
4、rst African American President of the United States.考纲词汇1n 地震 2n&v.爆裂，爆发3n.事件，大事4n.蒸汽，水汽5n&v.废墟；毁灭；使破产6adj.无用的，无效的7v&n.(使)震惊，震动；休克earthquakeburst event steamruinuselessshock8n&v.营救，援救9v&n.使陷入困境，陷阱10n.电，电学11n.灾难，灾祸12v.埋葬13n.掩蔽，避身处14n&v.裁判员，法官；断定rescuetrapelectricitydisasterburyshelterjudge15n.报刊的大字标题
5、headline.词汇拓展1injure vt.损害，伤害n损害，伤害adj.受伤的In the crash he was seriously.He suffered severe to the head and arms.injuryinjuredinjuredinjuries2destroy vt.破坏，毁坏，消灭n破坏，毁坏adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的The of the railway was a big loss in the storm，which was the most in thirty years.destructiondestructivedestructiondestru
6、ctive3damage n&vt.损失，损害n赔偿金adj.受损的His car in the accident and so he got some from the insurance company.damagesdamagedWas damageddamages1 马上，立刻 2结束，终结3发现，掘出4许多，大量的5分发，发出6仿佛，好像right awayat an enddig outa (large)number ofgive outas if7满不在乎，对评价差8倒塌9严重受损，破败不堪10在户外，在露天11为感到骄傲12丧生，遇害13朝方向think little offa
7、ll downin ruinsin the open airbe proud oflose ones lifein the direction of14筹款15绝望raise moneylose hope选用上述词语填空Other scientists his theory.The big house in the fire.Many people during the war.Please tell him the good news.Many musicians for the poor children now.He rose to indicate that the conversat
8、ion was.thought little offell downlost their livesright awayare raising moneyat an end1In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。句型结构too.to 意为“太而不能”，表示否定意义。句型仿写太重了，你提不起来。Its for you.你太小了，不能理解这个问题。.too heavyto liftYou are too young to understand the pr
9、oblem2It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了世界末日！句型结构as if是连词词组，意为“好像，好似”，相当于as though，一般用于句型It looks/seems as if.中，其意思是“看起来好像”。其中it为形式主语，没有实际意义。look/seem是连系动词，as if引导的是表语从句。如果所引导的从句表示的情况接近事实，句子要用陈述语气，否则应使用虚拟语气。句型仿写看来好像要下雪了。it might snow.看来他不会向你让步。.Eliza准确记得一切，就像发生在昨天一样。It looks/seems as ifI
10、t seems as if he wont give in to youEliza remembers everything exactly as if it had happened yesterday.3All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。句型结构英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything等具有总括意义的代词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。句型仿写这儿并非所有的人都同意他所说的话。here agree with what he has said.并不是每个男孩都像你这么勇敢。.No
11、t everybodyNot every boy is as brave as you are4There was no stopping the fire.没有办法扑灭这场大火。句型结构There is noing分词短语It is impossible to do sth.没可能做某事句型仿写无可否认，你在撒谎。.没有办法知道未来会是什么样子。.There is no denying that you are lyingThere is no telling what the future will be like语句衔接用上述句型翻译下列小片段。看起来美国就是财富的象征，然而，并不是每个
12、美国人都富有。有些美国人穷得连饭也吃不起，也是不容抵赖的事实。答案：It seems that America is the sign/symbol of wealth.However，not every American is rich.There is no denying that some Americans are too poor to buy food.仔细阅读课文“A Night the Earth Didnt Sleep”，写出文章的主旨大意。答案：The passage tells us about the powerful Tangshan Earthquake in 1
13、976 which caused more than 400,000 people to be killed or injured.Yet，the whole city began to breathe again with the help of the soldiers.根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整(一空一词)。1July 28,1976，eleven kilometers directly 2.the city of Tangshan，the 3.earthquake of the 20th4.began.In fifteen terrible seconds，a large
14、city lay in 5.Twothirds 6.the people died 7.were injured.Thousands of families were killed and many 8.Onbelowgreatestcenturyruinsoforchildrenwere left without parents.Everywhere the 9.found nearly everything 10.People began to 11.how long the disaster would 12.All hope was not13.Many soldiers were s
15、ent there to 14.the rescue workers.Slowly，the city began to breathe 15.survivorsdestroyedwonderlastlosthelpagainburst out crying/laughingburst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来burst forth 突然出现burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支burst in/into 闯进，突然破门而入be bursting to do sth.渴望，急着要做某事1burst vi.破裂；胀破；爆
16、裂 n爆发；突然爆裂运用：完成下列句子。因为大雨，那个堤坝决口了。The dam _ because of heavy rain.暴风雨来了，我们都淋湿了。_ and we all got wet.在第16届亚运会上，中国队员的精彩表现赢得了阵阵掌声。The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 16th Asian Games caused _.她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。She _ the good news.看到这条大狗后，男孩突然大哭起来。The boy _ on seeing the big dog.他没敲门就闯进房间
17、。He _ without knocking at the door.答案：burst The storm burst bursts of applause was bursting to tell him burst into tears/burst out crying burst into the room2ruin nU毁坏，毁灭，崩溃C(pl.)废墟，遗迹v(使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭be in ruins 成为废墟be the ruin of 成为毁灭(堕落)的原因bring sb.to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产come/fall to/into ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃
18、；破坏掉ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉运用：完成下列句子。银行介入以使这家公司免于经济崩溃。The bank stepped in to save the company from financial _.正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。That one mistake _ the job.酗酒毁了他父亲，也会毁了他！Drink was his fathers ruin and it will _ him too!吸烟过量毁坏了他的健康。Heavy smoking _.答案：ruin ruined his chance
19、 of getting be the ruin of ruined his healthdestroy，ruin，damage，break(1)destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏”、“毁坏”，程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。(2)ruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。现多用于借喻中，有时泛指一般的“弄坏”。(3)damage是程度较小的“破坏”、“损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。(4)break是“破坏，打破，打碎”的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一样。可用于有形的东西，如石头、玻璃
20、、瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。运用：选用上述词语填空。The houses were _.Iraq lay in _ after the war.The window was _.答案：destroyed ruins broken3injure vt.损害，伤害injured adj.受伤的the injured 指一类人，伤员injury n.伤害，损伤运用：完成下列句子。One of the players _(膝盖受伤)and had to be carried off.This could seriously _(损害公司的声誉)他的胳膊和腿都受了重伤
21、。He suffered _ to arms and legs.答案：injured his knee injure the companys reputation serious injurieswound，harm，hurt，injure(1)wound常指在暴力中受伤，尤指刀伤，枪伤等。(2)harm常用于口语，一般用作不及物动词，表示“对有害/损害”，特指伤及一个人或其心情，健康，权利，事业等，并使之产生痛苦，损害或某种不幸遭遇。(3)hurt一般指精神上或肉体上受到的伤害。(4)injure主要指在事故中受伤。运用：选用上述词语填空。They were badly _ in the
22、crash.Smoking will surely do _ to ones health.It _ me to think so many people died in the flood.In the battle，hundreds of soldiers were _ and some were even killed.答案：injured harm hurts/hurt woundedbe buried alive 被活埋bury sth.in.把埋到里bury ones face in hands 双手掩面be buried inbury oneself in埋头于；专心于4bury
23、 vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入运用：完成下列句子。Their ambitions were finally dead and _(被埋葬了)She _(掩面而泣)Since she left，he has _(全心扑在工作上)答案：buried buried her face in her hands and wept buried himself in his work5judge v判断，估计 n法官，裁判员judge.(to be).判断/认为是judge.by/from.根据判断judging by/from.依据来判断运用：选用上述词语填空。The _ sent
24、enced him to five years in prison.Dont _ a person _ his appearance.I _ him _ about 50.Their reunion _ a great success._ the look on Adams face，the news must have been terrible.答案：judge judge；by judge；to be was judge to be Judging by6think little of 不重视，不当一回事think highly/well/a lot/much of 对有好的评价thin
25、k poorly/badly/little/nothing of对评价不好think nothing of it 不用谢，不要介意运用：完成下列句子。But the one million people of the city，who _(不当一回事)these events，went to bed as usual that night.His work _(得到好评)by the critics.He is _(高度评价)by the students.答案：thought little of was well thought highly thought of7at an end结束，终
26、结put an end to 结束bring sth.to an end 结束at the end of 在末端；在结束时in the end 最后，终于by the end of 到为止(用于完成时)come to an end 结束运用：完成下列句子。His career seemed _(结束)At last the meeting _(结束)The government is determined to _(废除)terrorism.I wonder how I can _ the dispute _(结束)答案：at an end came to an end put an end
27、tobring；to an end8a number of许多，大量关于“许多”“若干”的短语：a large/great/good number ofa great/good manya good fewquite a few可数名词复数many amore than one 单数可数名词单数谓语动词 a great/good deal ofa great/large amount ofquite a little不可数名词a lot/lots ofa great/large quantity oflarge quantities ofplenty of可数名词复数或不可数名词提醒(1)a
28、number ofpl.n.作主语，谓语动词用复数，“许多；大量”。the number ofpl.n.作主语，谓语动词用单数，“的数目”。如果说“数量多少”，要用large，small或high，low，不用many，few。(2)large quantities ofpl.n./Un.作主语，谓语动词用复数。large amounts ofUn.作主语，谓语动词用复数。运用：完成下列句子和用动词的适当形式填空。已经出现了一些问题。_ problems have arisen.我们得到了人们的大力帮助。We have had _ help from people.他们在这个项目上花了大量的钱
29、。They spent _ money on this project.A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake _(send)to live with families in other cities.It is said that therere millions of camels in India and the number of them _(increase)Large quantities of fish _ recently _(catch)答案：A number of an eno
30、rmous amount of a great deal of were sent is increasing have；been caught9Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left_without_parents.成千上万的家庭被毁，许多孩子成了孤儿。.were left without parents是一个被动结构，without parents是介词短语，作主语补足语，表示主语的状态。leave作使役动词，意为“留下，剩下；使处于某状态”。构成的句式为：leave sth./sb.宾补(现在分词，过去分
31、词，不定式，介词短语，副词，形容词)。运用：完成下列句子。I went out and _(门未锁)She _(让我等)in the rain for an hour.The bomb blast _(炸死了25个人)答案：left the door unlocked left me waiting left 25 people dead名词al形容词(表示“有属性”，“与有关”)。动词ive形容词动词able形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)名词 ful形容词名词less形容词(意思与原名词相反)名词ly形容词名词y形容词名词ous形容词名词ly形容词如：dirt n污物；脏物 di
32、rty a脏的danger n危险dangerous a危险的friend n朋友friendly a友好的agriculture n农业agricultural a农业的decide v决定；下决心decisive a决定性的，关键的change v变化；兑换changeable a易变的，变化无常的care n小心，关心careful a小心的，仔细的careless a粗心的一、阅读下列句子，写出划线单词的意思。1You can find all the supplies，such as boxes，packing tape and more at truck rental.()2The
33、 good working condition in this city is attractive.()3You can rely on him because he is reliable.()4Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long，afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.()5It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.()答案：1
34、.租赁的 2.吸引人的 3.可依赖的，靠得住的 4.没有睡觉的，不眠的 5.有霜的二、阅读下列短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空。Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is 1._(communicate)She is 2._(act)in answering the teachers questions and from time to time her classmates find her answers quite 3._(impress)and 4._(accept)Of course，not every student likes her，
35、but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5._(create)and 6._(help)girl.For example，she once led a 7._(home)child to her home and made the child her younger sister.Besides，she spent 8._(count)hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well again.She is 9._(friend)to those who have difficulty w
36、ith their subjects.All in all，Lucy is the most 10._(fame)girl in her school.答案：municative 2.active 3.impressive 4.acceptable 5.creative 6.helpful 7.homeless 8.countless9friendly 10.famous模仿朗读(四)语音基础知识之四英语同音词的选辨在英语听力中，同音词的存在也增大了听力的难度。本单元主要介绍英语中常用的同音词及在辨别同音词时可用的一些小技巧。把同音词认真比较一下，你会发现同音词虽然读音相同，表面上看难以区分，
37、但实际上他们的意义与词性各异。在一个语境中，要分辨到底出现的是一组同音词的哪一个，只要从它在句子中所充当的成分及句子意义的要求两方面思考，这个同音词是不难确定的。可见，同音词难点不难，关键在于听的时候要整体地摄入听力材料，切勿逐字逐句地听和分辨，特别是在有些语境下，某个词的选定还依赖与上下文所给出的意义的提示及要求。当然，常见的同音词并不多，如果你对他们的读音、词性、意义及用法都很熟悉的话，在听力时便能有“成竹在胸”的优势了。英语常见同音词列举：adadd allowedaloud ateeight bebeebybyebuy barebearbasesbasis boredboardcell
38、sell citesightsitechewschoose deardeerforforefour flewfluflourflower hihighnightknight knownoknowsnose newknewmademaid meatmeetonewon missedmistplainplane ourhourseasee rightwriteWrightritesonsun sewsotheretheirtheyre threwthroughtoldtolled twotootowhetherweather waitweightwayweigh wherewearwarwore
39、wouldwoodwitchwhich一、听录音，写出句子中所缺的单词。每个句子读两遍。1I_ like to go out and get some _ for the fire.2You wont get any _ until you give your dog a_ of your cake.3Im not sure _ the_ will go on like this.4The _ school _ about the _，which the boys had dug in the_school playground.5Thats _！Ple_ names over _6Jenny
40、_her bike down the _and through the forest.7I want to _ that white dress but I can find it no _.8Can you _ her in the _？She is the only_of the students who _ the game.9Ive got extra tickets for the game.You _ can go_ the music with me，_.10Come _ to_ me clearly.My question is，“Whats the best _ to _an
41、 elephant？”二、模仿朗读听录音，注意语音、语调、意群和连续。听力录音听两遍。I am from Armenia.In my country，we celebrate Valentines Day on the same day as in America，but with another name.It is called St Sargis Day.On that day，lovers go out somewhere，maybe to a concert because all the concert halls have special concerts for St Sarg
42、is Day.On the day before，young people go to church.The church will give out cookies.Young people eat the cookies at around 6 oclock in the afternoon，and they cant drink any water before going to bed，although the cookies are very salty.They may have a dream that night.In their dreams，someone gives th
43、em a glass of water，that person will be their future wife or husband.If you see an older woman in your dreams，maybe she will be your future motherinlaw!答案：一、1.would；wood 2.peace；piece 3.whether；weather4whole；knew；hole；new 5.right；write their；there 6.rode；road 7.wear；where 8.see；sea；one；won9two；to；to
44、o 10.here；hear；way；weigh二、略录音材料：一、听录音，写出句子中所缺的单词。每个句子读两遍。1I would like to go out and get some wood for the fire.2You wont get any peace until you give your dog a piece of your cake.3Im not sure whether the weather will go on like this.4The whole school knew about the hole，which the boys had dug in t
45、he new school playground.5Thats right！Please write their names over there.6Jenny rode her bike down the road and through the forest.7I want to wear that white dress but I can find it no where.8Can you see her in the sea？She is the only one of the students who won the game.9Ive got extra tickets for
46、the game.You two can go to the music with me，too.10Come here to hear me clearly.My question is，“Whats the best way to weigh an elephant？”二、略句子结构(四)一、There be句型There虽占据着主语的位置，但真正的主语放在动词的后面。在There be句型中，除了系动词be外，还可用seem，happen，live，stand，come，go，used to等动词。There is/stands a tree in front of the house.
47、屋前有棵树。提醒(1)There be句型表示“某地或某时有/存在某物”，若表示某人或某物拥有某物时，要用have。There is a small pond in the school.学校里有个小池塘。I have many books.我(拥)有许多书。(2)在there be句型中，主语后的动词形式。主语与动词是主动关系，用现在分词；是被动关系用过去分词；表示将来发生的事则用不定式。There is a purse lying on the ground.地上有一个钱包。There are ten people killed in the accident.有十人死于事故。There
48、are five soldiers to attend the meeting.有五名士兵要参加这个会议。There are seven roads to be rebuilt next year.下年还有七条公路需要重修。(3)几种扩展形式：there used to be.曾经有(但现在没有了)there is/are going to be.将有 there seems to be.好像有 there happens to be.碰巧有 用There be句型翻译下列各句。1希腊有个伟大的思想家。(be/live)_2碰巧家里没人。(happen to)_3学校里有个小花园。(be/li
49、e)_4那儿过去有座桥。(used to)_5教室里好像有个人。(seem to)_6我有一支钢笔。桌子上也有一支钢笔。(have/be)_答案：1.There was/lived a great thinker in Greece.2There happened to be no person at home.3There is/lies a small garden in the school.4There used to be a bridge.5There seems to be somebody in the classroom.6I have a pen and there is
50、a pen on the desk，too.二、There be结构的高级句型：1There is no denying the fact that.不容否认；这一事实是不容否认的。There is no denying the fact that Japan invaded China.日本侵华历史不容否定。2There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is no doubt that they will ask you for help.毫无疑问，他们会请你帮忙的。3There is no sense/point in doing.做是没有意义的/道理的There i
51、s no sense/point in arguing with him.和他争论没有意义。There is no point in doing so.这样做是没有意义的。4There is no use in doing.没有必要做There is no use in denying the fact that she had an affair.没有必要去否认她恋爱的事实。5There is no need to do.没有必要做There is no need to cry if you really want to try.如果你真想尝试，就没有必要哭泣。6There is no te
52、lling.不知道There was no telling what the next assignment would be.不晓得下一个任务将是什么。用上述句型翻译下列句子。1毫无疑问，他是胜任这个工作的。_2把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。_3试图跟这些人评理是没有意义的。_4我已经没有必要回答。_5不知道他打算做什么。_答案：1.There is no doubt that he is qualified for the job.2There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.3There is no point trying to reason with these people.4There was no need for me to answer.5There is no telling what he is going to do.