1、2017高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句 讲义【考纲解读】1.了解名词性从句的基本用法;2.熟练掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在从句中的作用;3.what与that的区别；whether与if的区别；4. it作形式主语和形式宾语；5. that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。【考点纵横】2016年全国卷2015年新课标卷20152016年地方卷目前这么考全国卷(宾语从句how)新课标卷(宾语从句how)2016年江苏(主语从句)2016年北京(主语从句)今后怎么考近年来，高考把对名词性从句的考查作为重中之重，尤其对宾语，表语从句的考查，这些都是常见的考查。备考策略：1.连接代词在从句中担当主语，
2、宾语或表语；2.连接副词在从句中作状语；3.whether和if（是否），asif（好像）在从句中不担当句子成分；4.that在从句中不担当句子成分，也无任何意义；5.名词性从句使用陈述句语气。【考题导引】1(2016北京，29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what B.that C.whether D.why解析：考查表语从句。句意为：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选B。
3、2The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津，11) A.whether B.that C.which D.what 解析：考查同位语从句。句意为：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。3We must find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for h
4、im.(2015重庆，8)A.when B.how C.where D.why解析：考查宾语从句。句意为：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故选when。4Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.(2016北京，24)A.However B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Wherever解析：考查主语从句。句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever，
5、表示“无论什么”。5. _ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京，35)A.Where B.How C.Why D.When解析考查主语从句。句意为：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。 分析句子结构可知“_ we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选B。【知识梳理】名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句1引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether/if；连接代词what, who,
6、 whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever等。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。2主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形
7、式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：(1)Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)that从句(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)that从句(3)Itbe过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)that从句(4)It不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等)that从句It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although a
8、bout two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。Its no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。二、宾语从句1引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whicheve
9、r, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。I truly believe that beauty comes from within.(2015北京高考单选)我确信美来自内在。We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
10、(2015重庆高考单选)我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。2it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”
11、的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。三、表语从句1引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。Jerry did not regret giving the com
12、ment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的。Id like to start my own business thats what Id do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。2as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后。The thick smog covered
13、the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3because, why引导的表语从句because, why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause (该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：China is developing fast. Thats why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs sho
14、uld visit China.中国在飞速发展，这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。1常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice 建议 conclusion 结论demand要求doubt 怀疑 fact 事实 hope 希望idea 主意 information 信息 message 消息news 消息 order
15、 命令 possibility 可能性promise 诺言 question 问题 request 请求suggestion 建议 thought 想法 plan计划I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.你有可能到机场接我吗？没问题。2引导同位语从句的
16、连接词有：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。Evidence has been found through years of study that childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现：有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。She asked a question why there was a delay.她问了发生延误的原因。I have no idea when he will come ba
17、ck home.我不知道他什么时候回家。名师指津在同位语从句中，that, whether不作句子成分。that无实义，whether意为“是否”，if一般不引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。【考点突破】考点1what和that引导的名词性从句1It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏，21) Awhy Bwhat Cas Dthat答案D解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的
18、主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。2The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京，29)Awhat Bthat Cwhether Dwhy答案B解析考查表语从句。句意为：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选B。3A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ships are built for.(2015安徽，25
19、)Awhat BwhomCwhy Dwhen答案A解析考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。空格处引导的从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，故选A。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语；whom指人。4If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015浙江，6)Awhat BwhoCthat Dwhoe
20、ver答案A解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后跟宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。5Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for _ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015陕西，19)Awhat BthatCwhy Dhow答案A解析考查宾语从句的引
21、导词。句意为：读了多丽丝莱辛的传记，我对她在文学上取得的成就钦佩不已。分析句子结构可知，介词for后接的是宾语从句，从句中缺少achieve的宾语，故用what引导。考点归纳1what引导名词性从句的五种用法：(1)表示“的东西或事情”： Theyve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。 (2)表示“的人或的样子”： He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子了。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is
22、 now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？(3)表示“的数量或数目”： Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 (4)表示“时间”： After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 The
23、 young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。 (5)表示“的地方”： This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 2what 与that引导名词性从句时的区别：两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句。that 可引导同位语从句，但 wh
24、at 通常不用于引导同位语从句；what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所的”，而 that 仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。He doesnt know what she likes.他不知道她喜欢什么。I believe (that) he will come to see us.我相信他会来看我们的。I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这儿。考点2同位语从句与定语从句的区别1The
25、manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津，11)Awhether Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 答案B解析考查同位语从句。句意为：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。2After investigation，the police found out one clue _ voices were heard
26、 calling for help from some very distant place that day.Awhere BwhenCthat Dwhose 答案C 解析句意为：在调查之后，警察发现了一条线索，那天有人听到远处某个地方传来了呼救声。设空处引导同位语从句，从句意义、结构完整，应用that引导，补充说明one clue的具体内容。考点归纳1判断是同位语从句还是定语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。The notice that the meeting had to be put off was t
27、rue.(同位语从句) The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句)2在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：(should)动词原形。常见的名词有demand，request，advice，suggestion，order，plan，proposal等。The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted.在这里修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。考点3名词性从
28、句中whether与if的比较1We have offered him the position，but I dont have the slightest idea _ he will accept it.Ahow BifCwhether Dthat答案C解析句意为：我们给他提供了这个职位，但是不知道她是否会接受。本题考查同位语从句。whether he will accept it是对前面名词idea内容的补充说明。在同位语从句中表“是否”只可用whether不可用if。2It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should b
29、e replaced with a modern hotel or not.Awhether BwhenCwhich Dwhere答案A解析句意为：老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。由or not可知此处应用连接词whether，whether.or not意为“是否”。考点归纳whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但与or或or not连用时只能用whether；从句作介词的宾语时只能用whether；在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。I asked the teacher whether/if it was true.我问老师这
30、是否是真的。The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai.问题是汤姆是否到上海去了。The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.这个问题是否正确还没讨论。It all depends on whether theyll help us.这完全取决于他们是否帮助我们。考点4when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句1We must find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
31、(2015重庆，8)Awhen BhowCwhere Dwhy答案A解析考查宾语从句。句意为：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故选when。2_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京，35)AWhere BHowCWhy DWhen答案B解析考查主语从句。句意为：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。 分析句子结构可知“_ we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选B。3The exhib
32、ition tells us_we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015四川，8)Awhere BwhyCwhat Dwhich答案B解析考查宾语从句。句意为：这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要做些事情来阻止空气污染。宾语从句中缺少状语，故选项C、D错误；where引导地点状语从句，不符合题意，故选why，表示“的原因”。4_ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015江苏，25)AThat BWhyCWh
33、ere DHow答案C解析考查主语从句。句意为：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai.was born”作该句子的主语，表示“李白出生的地方”。考点归纳连接副词指的是既具有副词的特点，同时又能引导从句的词，主要有when，where，how，why等。这些词在从句中既作特定的成分，又有具体的含义，不能省略。大多数连接副词表示疑问意义。When we shall meet again is unknown.我们何时才能再相见还不知道呢。(when引导主语从句，表示疑问)I dont know how I can get out of s
34、uch trouble.我真不知道如何才能摆脱这种困境。(how引导宾语从句，表示疑问)This is where the accident happened.这是事故发生的地方。(where引导表语从句，不表疑问)I have no idea why he left here.我不知道他为什么离开这里。(why引导同位语从句，表示疑问)考点5疑问词ever引导的名词性从句1Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.(2016北京，24)AHowever BWhoeverCWhatever DWherever答案C解析考查
35、主语从句。句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever，表示“无论什么”。2Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京，33)Awhatever BwheneverCwherever Dhowever答案A解析考查宾语从句。believe后是宾语从句且从句中缺少主语，四个选项中只有whatever可以作主语。考点归纳whichever，whatever，wh
36、oever引导名词性从句，它们本身有词义，既有连接从句的作用，又在从句中分别充当主语、宾语、定语成分，起强调作用，意思是“无论，不管”。The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者奖励。(宾语从句)I believe whatever he says.我相信他所说的一切。(宾语从句)Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps.不论谁，要想达到一个远大的目标，就必须采取许多细小的步骤。(主语从句)【真题感悟】1(2016高考全国乙卷短文改错)My uncle
37、is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live._ 2(2016高考北京卷单选，29改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.3(2016高考天津卷单选，11改编)The manager put forward a suggestion_we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.4(2016高考江苏卷单选，21改编)It is often t
38、he case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.5(2016高考北京卷单选，24改编)Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.6(2015高考北京卷单选，35改编)_we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.7(2015高考江苏卷单选，25改编) _ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but so
39、me wont accept it.8(2015高考浙江卷单选，6改编)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.9(2014高考大纲卷单选，24改编)Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.10(2012高考新课标全国卷
40、单选，24改编)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.11(2015高考全国卷短文改错)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing._ 12(2015高考全国卷语法填空)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to
41、 be to make the cycle work on most days.13(2014高考广东卷语法填空)I didnt understand_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.14(2015高考全国卷短文改错)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing._ 15(2015高考湖南卷单选，26改编)You h
42、ave to know_ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.答案：1.thatwhere2.that3.that4.that 5Whatever6.How7.Where8.what9.when 10what11.wherethat或去掉where12.how 13why14.wherethat或去掉where15.where【教学反思】1掌握名词性从句连接词的基本用法(1)连接词that在从句中没有任何含义，只起连接作用，不作任何成分；(2)连接词whether/if意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不作任何成分
43、。若在两者之间二选一，应选择whether；(3)连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever既起连接作用，同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分；(4)连接副词when，where，why，how既起连接作用，同时又在从句中作状语。2牢记what和that的区别(1)that没有词义，也不作任何成分，当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时用that；(2)what在从句中表示“的(东西)”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。3熟记it作形式主语代表从句的句型公式(1)Itbe形容词(neces
44、sary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)that从句。(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句。(3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)that从句。(4)It特殊动词(seem/appear/happen/occur/matter)that从句。4熟记it作形式宾语代表从句的常见句式(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。(2)有些动词带从句时习惯上需要在从句前加it，这类动词有：hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，appreciate，see to等。5铭记同位语从句的用法同位语从句常放在fact，news，word(消息)，idea，truth，doubt，belief，thought，problem等词的后面，对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。引导词常用that，也可用其他连接词引导。注意：同位语从句有时不直接跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。