1、江苏省栟茶高级中学校本化资料 考前一周自主复习英语（2）关键题型回顾1“任务型阅读”题的解题模型试题：请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the sixth sense of direction. By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one, they are
2、now getting closer to one answer. One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass (指南针). Our earth itself is a big magnet (磁体). So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south. When people discovered that idea about a thousa
3、nd years ago and invented the compass, it allowed sailors to navigate (航海) on ocean voyages, even under cloudy skies.Actually the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature. Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes. Some of them fly for t
4、housands of kilometers and mostly at night. Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns. But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies. How can they do that?A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon. Not all pigeons can
5、 find their way home. Those that can are very good at it, and they have been widely studied.One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds heads to block their magnetic sensejust as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner. On sunny days, that did not fool the pi
6、geons. Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going. But on cloudy days, the pigeons with magnets could not find their way. It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense. Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees. These insects also see
7、m to have a special sense of direction. In spite of the experiments, the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary. How would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass？An answer came from an unexpected source. A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the mud of ponds and marsh
8、es. He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in one directionnorth. Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside, which proved magnetic. The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the earths magne
9、t. The big news was that a living thing, even a simple bacterium, can make magnetite. That led to a search to see whether animals might have it. By using a special instrument called magnetometer, scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds, and even in fish. In each animal, except for t
10、he bee, the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain. Thus, the idea of a built-in animal compass began to seem reasonable.The Magnetic SenseThe Living CompassPassage outlineSupporting detailsThe existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compassOur earth is a big m
11、agnet and a little freely (1) magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.(2) on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented.The possibility of birds built-in compasses One piece of evidence is the (3) of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes.
12、 Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (4) under cloudy skies The (5) on pigeons and bees built-in compassesLittle magnets were tied to the pigeons heads to (6) their magnetic sense.The pigeons magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (7) days.Similar things with the sa
13、me results were done with bees.The (8) of the magnetic stuff for the animal compassLittle rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (9) .Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (10) inside their bodies.答案：1. swinging2. Based3. migrati
14、on4. even5. experiments/tests/study/research6. block7. cloudy8. discovery9. north10. brain(s) 解析：1. 本题是转换信息题，是根据第三段的“Our earth itself is a big magnet. So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south”而推断得来的，将定语从句that swings转换成现在分词swinging
15、作前置定语。2. 本题是综合信息题，根据第三段的“When people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass”而推断得来的，结合题干综合出该题的答案为Based。3. 本题是转换信息题，是根据第五段的“Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes”而推断得来的。根据题干将migrate转换成相应的名词migration。4. 本题是直接信息题，是根据第五段的“they can ke
16、ep on course even under cloudy skies”中的even而直接得到的答案。5. 本题是直接信息题，是根据第七段的“One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds heads to block their magnetic sense”中的experiment而直接得到的答案。再根据题干可知，要将experiment变成复数形式。本题也可以填tests/study/research。6. 本题是直接信息题，是根据第七段的“to block their magnetic sens
17、e”中的 block而直接得到的答案。7. 本题是直接信息题，是根据第七段的“on cloudy days, the pigeons with magnets could not find their way. It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense”中的cloudy而直接得到的答案。8. 本题是转换信息题，是根据倒数第四段的“How would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass?”而推断得来的，根据题干转换成discovery。9. 本题是直接信息题，是根据
18、倒数第四段的“He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in one directionnorth”而直接得到的答案。10. 本题是直接信息题，是根据本文末句“In each animal, except for the bee, the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain”而直接得到的答案。2“书面表达”题的解题模型试题：假设你应邀参加学校组织的“英语学习师生座谈会”，请你根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇发言稿，简单介绍自己英
19、语学习的情况，并对学校今后的英语教学提出建议。自己英语学习的情况1英语学习的目的2英语学习的方法3课外自学的途径 对学校英语教学的建议（请考生根据自己的经历与感想，提出两至三点建议。）注意：1对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计人总词数。3文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。Dear teachers and schoolmates, its a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. _Thank
20、you for listening.答案：Dear teachers and schoolmates, its a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. Im interested in English and hope to be an interpreter in the future. Naturally its very important for me to learn English well. As everybody knows,
21、vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building. I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible. After class, I often listen to English programs on TV and on the radio. Besides, Ive learned a lot from the Internet and other sources.Now, Id
22、 like to make some suggestions on English teaching and learning in our school. Firstly, we should be given more opportunities to use what weve learned in order to have a better grasp of it. Secondly, I hope our teachers can recommend more interesting books and magazines and give us more free time to
23、 read them. Finally, I suggest we have more English activities, such as English contests and festivals. Thank you for listening.解析：书面表达题是目前高考题型中唯一的一道主观题，强调对学生基本写作素质、基础写作能力的测试。书面表达不同于翻译，只需根据所给的情景、图画或要求、提示把主要内容即要点按顺畅的层次表达出来即可。就这道书面表达题而言，从题干的设计上来看，贴近高中学生自身的英语学习实际。学生就这样的话题是“有话可说”的，因此不容易偏题，能够拿到基本的分数。但要想拿
24、高分，还不太容易，这是因为在写书面表达时，常见的问题有三个：一是句式极其简单，二是语法错误太多，三是“中国式”的英语句子太多。比如这篇书面表达，题干中只出现了相应的主题句，需要学生在写作过程中要加以适当拓展，要通过适当的诸如举例等的方式，使得主题句的内容变得有血有肉起来。在谋篇布局层面，要注意要点与要点之间的衔接，也就是过渡词的恰当使用。在思维层面，要注意先写什么，后写什么，再写什么，相关要点如何表达，等等。如：1“英语学习的目的”是“hope to be an interpreter in the future”。2“英语学习的方法”是“I usually memorize twenty n
25、ew words a day and put them to use whenever possible.”。3“课外自学的途径”是“After class, I often listen to English programs on TV and on the radio. Besides, Ive learned a lot from the Internet and other sources.”。4“对学校英语教学的建议”是“Firstly, we should be given more opportunities to use what weve learned in order
26、to have a better grasp of it. Secondly, I hope our teachers can recommend more interesting books and magazines and give us more free time to read them. Finally, I suggest we have more English activities, such as English contests and festivals.”。 在将相关的要点用英语写出来之后，要确定人称（本文用第一人称）、时态（本文用一般现在时），要注意主谓一致以及过
27、渡词/句、较高级词汇/语法/句法的运用等。在参考范文中，运用了诸如“besides, firstly, secondly, finally”等的过渡词，“interpreter, naturally, put them to use, make some suggestions, have a better grasp of it, such as”等的较高级的词汇，“As everybody knows, just like bricks in building, when possible, I hope, I suggest”等较高级的句法。 要写好书面表达，应注意避免出现偏题、层次不清、前后松散、生搬硬套、过分发挥、书写潦草、词数不足或太多等问题。因此，在平时训练时，为了能使自己的书面表达清晰易懂，要多用有把握的句子；多用套句；尽量使用主动语态，少用被动语态；注意文章的逻辑性；讲究文章的谋篇布局；语言通顺，行文连贯自然，表达清楚；书写美观、大方、漂亮，等等。版权所有：高考资源网()版权所有：高考资源网()