1、2021届江阴市第一中学高三上学期适应性考试英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is the woman probably doing?A. Looking for a box. B. Doing some cleaning. C. Fixing the shelf.2. W
2、hat does the man say about the restaurant?A. The food was not his thing.B. The waiters were noisy.C. The atmosphere was friendly.3. How much should the woman pay?A. $14. B.$ 17. C. $29.4. Why does Mary look worried?A. She has lost her job.B. She didnt get promoted.C. She is concerned about her fathe
3、r.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. An adventure. B. A vacation plan. C. A book.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Where did the man buy the necklace?A. On the Inte
4、rnet. B. In a supermarket. C. In a gold shop.7. Why did the woman apologize to the man?A. She was rude to the man.B. She sent him the wrong goods.C. She delayed sending the necklace.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What is the woman doing?A. Buying a map. B. Asking for the directions. C. Borrowing a phone from th
5、e man.9. What trouble is the woman facing?A. Her phone is out of power.B. She couldnt walk any farther.C. She is late for her first job interview.10. How did the man order a taxi for the woman?A. He made a call. B. He signaled one. C. He used a phone app.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. Who are the speakers?A.
6、A doctor and a patient. B. A teacher and a student. C. A salesman and a customer.12. What is probably the cause of the mans problems?A. He often overeats. B. He works too hard. C. He smokes heavily.13. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Stop working and go on a vacation.B. Give up smoking as s
7、oon as possible.C. Change his diet and get some exercise.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14. What interests the woman most about the job?A. The training. B. The high pay. C. The work experience.15. What did the woman major in?A. Writing. B. Journalism. C. German.16. How many languages can the woman speak?A. Three.
8、 B. Four. C. Five.17. What does the woman do to relax herself?A. She goes swimming. B. She climbs mountains. C. She listens to light music.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. To whom is the speaker talking?A. New employees. B. Foreign tourists. C. International students.19. What are girls advised to do in a cafe?
9、A. Take care of their bags.B. Dont talk to strangers.C. Leave the place quickly.20. What is the best place to park a car?A. Beside a house. B. On a quiet road. C. In a public car park.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A_All current University of Chicago (
10、UChicago) students have the opportunity to take courses offered by The University of Chicago Booth School of Business (Booth) within the guidelines set forth by Booth and the students department/division.Tuition charges are based on the tuition policy and rate for your department or division.If you
11、are not a current University of Chicago student, enrollment is possible throughthe Graham School of General Studies. Booth graduates can take up 300 units tuition-free at any time after graduation.Note：Courses are offered only if a seat is available at the time your registration is processed. Booth
12、students have first priority for registration, so popular courses may be closed due to space limitations.AccommodationsStudents who have or expect to obtain a letter of accommodation from the Universitys Office of Student Disability Services should indicate this in their registration request poll an
13、d be prepared to present an accommodation letter after successful enrollment in a Booth course.Course Materials FeeEach Booth course will have a fee of $25 for cases and articles that are delivered electronically through Canvas, faculty course webpages, or hard-copy in class. This Booth Book Fee is
14、in addition to any textbooks that may be required, and is non-refundable for coursesdropped after Friday, the second week of the quarter.1. Which of the following is the most suitable for the blank in the first paragraph?A. CoursesB. ScheduleC. QualificationsD. Evaluation2. Which statement about the
15、 courses may the author agree with?A. Courses are offered on a space-available basis.B. Only students from UChicago can take the courses.C. Popular courses are reserved for students from Booth.D. Graduates from Booth have free access to all the courses.3. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
16、A. The $25 fee doesnt include textbooks needed.B. The Booth courses last for around eight weeks.C. The Booth courses are mainly delivered online.D. Fees can be paid back when one quits halfway.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Booth所开设的课程的相关信息。【1题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“All current University of Chicago
17、(UChicago) students have the opportunity to take courses offered by The University of Chicago Booth School of Business (Booth) within the guidelines set forth by Booth and the students department/division. Tuition charges are based on the tuition policy and rate for your department or division.”（所有芝
18、加哥大学的学生都有机会参加芝加哥大学布斯（Booth）商学院提供的课程，这些课程由Booth和学生系/部门制定。学费根据您所在部门的学费政策和费率收取。)可知本段主要讲参加此课程的面向对象和学费，说的是布斯（Booth）商学院的Qualifications（资格、限定条件），即哪些人有资格参加课程、参与课程的条件是什么。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“Courses are offered only if a seat is available at the time your registration is processed.”（只有在办理注册手续时，有可用的座位的情况下，
19、课程才会被提供。）可知课程是在有空位的基础上才会被提供的。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段“Each Booth course will have a fee of $25 for cases and articles that are delivered electronically through Canvas, faculty course webpages, or hard-copy in class. This Booth Book Fee is in addition to any textbooks that may be required, and is non-r
20、efundable for courses dropped after Friday, the second week of the quarter.”（每个Booth课程将收取25美元的费用，用于通过画布、教员课程网页或课堂硬拷贝以电子方式交付的案例和文章。此Booth书费不包括任何可能需要的教科书，对于本季度第二周（星期五）之后取消的课程不退还。）可知每个Booth课程将收取25美元的费用，但此Booth书费不包括任何可能需要的教科书。故选A项。BOur house was across the street from a hospital. We rented the upstairs
21、rooms to outpatients at the clinic. One summer evening as I was preparing supper, there was a knock at the door. I opened it to see a truly awful looking man hardly taller than my eight-year-old daughter.But the frightening thing was his swollen face. He told me hed been hunting for a room since noo
22、n but no one seemed to have a room. For a moment I hesitated, but his next words convinced me: “I could sleep on the porch（门廊）. My bus leaves early in the morning.” I went inside and finished getting supper. When we were ready, I asked him to join us. “No thank you. I have plenty.” And he held up a
23、brown paper bag. When I had finished the dishes, I went out to talk with him a few minutes.He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, who was hopelessly disabled, and her five children. He didnt tell it by way of complaint; in fact, he was grateful that no pain accompanied his diseas
24、e. He thanked life for giving him the strength to keep going.At bedtime, we put a camp small bed in the childrens room for him. When I got up in the morning, the bed linens were neatly folded and the little man was out on the porch. He refused breakfast, but just before he left, he smiled, “Your chi
25、ldren made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children dont seem to mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again.In the years he came to stay overnight with us there was never a time that he did not bring us fish or vegetables. Other times we received packages. Knowing that he
26、must walk three miles to mail these, and knowing how little money he had made the gifts more precious. I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude.4. What actually led to the old mans fai
27、lure to get a room before?A. His fishing job.B. His ugly appearance.C. His disabled daughter.D. His lack of money.5. Why did the author finally accept the old man?A. He was in very bad condition.B. He might attack her unless accepted.C. He wouldnt bother them too much.D. The author had a big family
28、to support.6. What can we learn from the text?A. The old man often came to ask for help ever since.B. The old man actually didnt eat anything for supper.C. It was not easy for the old man to send the author gifts.D. The authors help taught the old man to live independently.7. Which is the best title
29、 for the text?A. A precious gift!B. A silent complaint!C. A stubborn fisherman!D. An incredible meeting!【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一位渔夫在作者家过夜，为了回报作者一家，渔夫每次来都会带各种礼物，作者表面讲述的是渔夫带给我们礼物，其实是讲渔夫的出现是上帝赠予我们的很好的礼物，因为他教会了我们“感恩，不能以貌取人，心灵美”等诸多道理。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“he had been hunting for a room
30、 since noon but no one seemed to have a room.(他从中午就一直在找房间，但似乎谁也没有房间。)”结合前文“I opened it to see a truly awful looking man hardly taller than my eight-year-old daughter.(我打开门一看，是一个长相非常可怕的男人，几乎不比我8岁的女儿高。)”以及“But the frightening thing was his swollen face.(但最可怕的是他那肿胀的脸。)”对他的外表的描写，可推测房客们因为他丑陋的长相而不愿意让他住下，故
31、选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“For a moment I hesitated, but his next words convinced me: “I could sleep on the porch. My bus leaves early in the morning.”(我犹豫了一会儿，但他接下来的话说服了我:“我可以睡在门廊上。我的公交车一大早就会离开。”)”可知作者得知他不会太打扰他们，所以他同意了。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Knowing that he must walk three miles to mail these, and know
32、ing how little money he had made the gifts more precious.(知道他必须走三英里路才能邮寄这些礼物，知道他的钱是那么少，所以这些礼物更珍贵了。)”可知对于那个老人来说，寄这些东西并不轻松，故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In the years he came to stay overnight with us there was never a time that he did not bring us fish or vegetables. Other times we received packages. Knowin
33、g that he must walk three miles to mail these, and knowing how little money he had made the gifts more precious. I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude.(这些年来，他来我们家过夜，每次都给我们带来鱼和蔬菜。有时我
34、们会收到包裹。知道他必须走三英里路才能邮寄这些礼物，知道他的钱是那么少，所以这些礼物更珍贵了。我知道，我们全家都会因为认识了他而心存感激；从他身上我们学到了什么是不抱怨地接受坏的，带着感激的心情接受好的。)”可知，渔夫来作者家过夜，为了回报作者一家，渔夫每次来都会带各种礼物，其实A中的gift应该是一语双关，表面上讲渔夫带给我们的礼物，其实是讲渔夫的出现是上帝赠予我们的很好的礼物，因为他教会了我们 “感恩，不能以貌取人，心灵美”等诸多道理。A项“一个宝贵的礼物”适合作为本文的标题，故选A项。CNOT that long ago, the world wondered whether clean
35、 energy could survive without government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles, which was about 1 million in 2015, last year reached 2 million. In electricity generation, too, trend is with the greens. In the first half of this year wind, solar and hydro
36、 generated a record 35% of Germanys power. Greater success is breeding greater ambition. California is proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030. 176 countries have clean-energy goals. Hawaii, Americas most oil-dependent state, has promised to be 100% renewable by the middle of the century and
37、 so have 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. This week the number of multinationals making a commitment to running their operations on 100% renewable energy rose to 100.But not every target is helpful. To see why, consider that goal of 100% renewable energy. It makes solving climate chan
38、ge seem easy. In fact, though wind and solar can generate the whole countrys electricity some day, renewables still account for less than 8% of the worlds total power output. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part of the battle. Even though gas-fired heating and cooking can be at least as bi
39、g a source of greenhouse-gas emissions, renewable heating gets little attention. Transport policy is unpredictable, too. Carmakers may hit their goal of annual sales of 10 million electric vehicles in a decade, but battery-powered road transport, shipping and aviation are dreams. A much-quoted claim
40、 that America could rely on wind, solar and hydro alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.Most importantly, a 100% renewables target confuses means with ends. The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions（净排放量）of greenhouse gases, espe
41、cially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind, solar and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. New technologies, such as direct air capture systems designed to separate carbon dioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. Likewise, greater energy efficiency could
42、reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.8. Why is Germany mentioned in Paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic.B. To compare with the USA.C. To prove the possibility of the 100% renewables target.D. To provide a successful example of producing clean energy.9. What picture is describe
43、d in the beginning of the passage?A. A tough fight against climate change.B. A promising future of clean energy.C. A huge market of electric vehicles.D. A fierce competition between countries.10. Why is every target not realistic according to Paragraph 3?A. Car makers cannot produce enough batteries
44、.B. Use of traditional energies causes air pollution.C. Wind and solar energy will never meet the needs of a country.D. New energy doesnt receive its due attention in every aspect of society.11. Which of the following does the writer probably agree with?A. New energy plays a minor role in reality.B.
45、 Energy efficiency is prior to using renewables.C. Mxiing up means with purposes matters most.D. The target of 100 renewables is too high to reach【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可再生能源的可观前景以及在实际中面临的问题。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“NOT that long ago, the world wondered whether clean energy could su
46、rvive without government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles, which was about 1 million in 2015, last year reached 2 million. In electricity generation, too, trend is with the greens. In the first half of this year wind, solar and hydro generated a rec
47、ord 35% of Germanys power.(就在不久前，全世界都在想，如果没有政府的支持，清洁能源是否还能生存下去。现在的问题是它能传播多远。2015年电动汽车的数量约为100万辆，去年达到了200万辆。在发电方面，趋势也与绿色有关。今年上半年，风能、太阳能和水力发电创纪录地占德国电力的35%。)”可知，针对清洁能源能否生存下去这个问题列举了德国使用清洁能源发电创记录的成功例子来证明清洁能源的发展的可行的，这个例子是为了论证此观点，故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“NOT that long ago, the world wondered whether clean en
48、ergy could survive without government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles, which was about 1 million in 2015, last year reached 2 million. In electricity generation, too, trend is with the greens. In the first half of this year wind, solar and hydro ge
49、nerated a record 35% of Germanys power.(就在不久前，全世界都在想，如果没有政府的支持，清洁能源是否还能生存下去。现在的问题是它能传播多远。2015年电动汽车的数量约为100万辆，去年达到了200万辆。在发电方面，趋势也与绿色有关。今年上半年，风能、太阳能和水力发电创纪录地占德国电力的35%。)”和第二段“Greater success is breeding greater ambition. California is proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030. 176 countries have
50、 clean-energy goals. Hawaii, Americas most oil-dependent state, has promised to be 100% renewable by the middle of the century and so have 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. This week the number of multinationals making a commitment to running their operations on 100% renewable energy r
51、ose to 100.(更大的成功孕育更大的抱负。加州提议到2030年可再生能源占比达到60%。176个国家有清洁能源目标。夏威夷是美国最依赖石油的州，它承诺到本世纪中叶将实现100%的可再生能源，因此有48个易受气候变化影响的贫穷国家。本周，承诺100%使用可再生能源运营的跨国公司数量上升到了100家。)”可知作者在文章开头描写了很多关于清洁能源发展良好的例子，接着又描写了多个国家未来对清洁能源的巨大目标和美好构想，由此可知B项“清洁能源的美好未来。”符合题意，故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ But not every target is helpful. To see w
52、hy, consider that goal of 100% renewable energy. It makes solving climate change seem easy. In fact, though wind and solar can generate the whole countrys electricity some day, renewables still account for less than 8% of the worlds total power output. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part
53、of the battle. Even though gas-fired heating and cooking can be at least as big a source of greenhouse-gas emissions, renewable heating gets little attention. Transport policy is unpredictable, too. Carmakers may hit their goal of annual sales of 10 million electric vehicles in a decade, but battery
54、-powered road transport, shipping and aviation are dreams. A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and hydro alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.”.(但并非每个目标都有用。想知道为什么，考虑一下100%可再生能源的目标。这使得解决气候变化问题看起来很容易。事实上，尽管风能和太阳能有朝一日能产
55、生全国的电力，但可再生能源仍占世界总发电量的不到8%。此外，清理电力只是战斗的一部分。尽管燃气取暖和烹饪至少可以成为温室气体排放的一大来源，但可再生能源取暖很少受到关注。交通政策也是不可预测的。汽车制造商可能会在10年内实现电动汽车年销量1000万辆的目标，但电池驱动的公路运输、航运和航空是他们的梦想。一个被广泛引用的说法是，美国可以依靠风能、太阳能和水力发电来发电，最近遭到了一批受人尊敬的学者的严厉批评。)”可知，在很多方面可再生能源所获得关注是远远不够的，故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Most importantly, a 100% renewables target
56、confuses means with ends. The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions（净排放量）of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind, solar and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. New technologies, such as direct air capture systems designed
57、 to separate carbon dioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.(最重要的是，100%可再生能源的目标混淆了手段和目的。地球的首要任务是停止温室气体的净排放，尤其是二氧化碳。过分强调风能、太阳能和其他可再生能源可能会阻碍更好的碳减排途径。新技术，如设计用来分离空气中的二氧化碳的“直接空气捕捉”系统，迟早会证明是至关重要的。同样，
58、更高的能源效率可以比使用可再生能源减少更多的排放。)”可知作者可能会同意：比更多使用可再生能源更重要的是提高能源利用效率。故选B项。DIt felt like a disaster when my washing machine broke last winter. Just one week of cleaning the kids football kits in the bath left me with an aching back, itchy fingers and a deep mould darkening the boards of the bathroom floor.Bu
59、t the short-term trials of 21st-century housekeeping are thrown into sharp relief by Beezy Marshs absorbing new book about her grandmother, Annie Austin, one of 1,000 women employed in the slum(贫民窟) laundries of London back in 1918.Although the Fisher Act of 1918 made it compulsory for children to a
60、ttend school under the age of 14, Annie was just 12 when she began work in the coal-stained streets of Acton.Her pregnant mother and bossy stepfather already worked there and they had her grandmother and weak-chested younger brother George to support. Before the National Health Service, a doctors bi
61、lls could break a family.Sweet Lavender, Honeysuckle Villa and Blanchisserie Royal - the laundries all had picture-postcard names to give their wealthy customers the illusion of clean country air.But there was no rural scenery behind the wet windows of the sweatshops where little girls scrubbed dirt
62、 from collars and sleeve openings from 8 am to 8 pm every weekday, working half-day on Saturdays.Marsh, a journalist, writes with novelistic talent. She makes you smell the sickening smell of the dirty clothes and feel the pain of soaps in the open wound of Annies cracked and swollen fingers. And sh
63、e also makes you feel the pride that these women took in the honest, hard work that kept their families above the breadlines.Annies mother, Emma, was the laundrys chief ironer. She lifted ten-pound irons around to press the pleated(有褶的) silk of the finest clothes.But Emma was keeping secrets behind
64、her clean appearance. She had told Annie her father had been killed in the Great War, but if that was the case, then why was his photograph hidden at the bottom of her button box?Her seeking for the truth revealed a tale of gambling, debt, betrayal and murder.As Marsh discovered, “The choices made b
65、y one generation were sometimes considered too shocking for the next generation to bear.”Annies adventures find her visiting the dens(贼窝) of backstreet abortionists, the homes of bullied Eastern European immigrants and the pubs of Covent Garden.There are also enjoyable details of Annies love affairs
66、 with the handsome actor who takes her out for champagne at the Caf de Paris in a borrowed fox-fur coat and her slower burning romance with Geordie union man, Harry. When Harry kneels beside the Thames and offer her a ring of seed pearls and sapphire(蓝宝石), Annie thinks it is the most beautiful thing
67、 she has ever seen.12. What can be learned about Annies family?A. She began to work after finishing compulsory education.B. Her younger brother had some problems with his heart.C. Her family pulled through thanks to the National Health Service.D. Her father probably got murdered due to his debts fro
68、m gambling.13. According to Paragraph 5 and 6, it can be concluded that _.A. the laundries would send their customers postcards as gifts.B. the laundries didnt have countryside scenery inside.C. the laundries were located in rural areas with clean air.D. the laundries then pitilessly exploited the l
69、ittle girls.14. Which of the following words best describe Annie?A. Tough and brave.B. Honest and optimistic.C. Proud and patient.D. Romantic and talented.15. By writing the passage, the author aims to _.A. describe Beezy Marshs grandmothers life in a laundry.B. describe how Beezy Marshs grandmother
70、 sought for the truth.C. describe Beezy Marshs remarkable writing skills.D. introduce Beezy Marshs book about her grandmother.【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了Beezy Marsh的关于她的祖母Annie Austin的新书的内容。【12题详解】推理判断题。文章倒数第五、六段中提到“She had told Annie her father had been killed in the Great War,
71、Her seeking for the truth revealed a tale of gambling, debt, betrayal and murder. ”可知，母亲告诉安妮她的父亲在第一次世界大战中被杀了，但安妮探求的真相是父亲的死是一个关于赌博、债务、背叛和谋杀的故事。由此可知，安妮的父亲很可能是因为赌博欠下的债而被谋杀的。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。文章第六段中提到“But there was no rural scenery behind the wet windows of the sweatshops where little girls scrubbed dirt
72、 from collars and sleeve openings from 8 am to 8 pm every weekday, working half-day on Saturdays. （但是，在剥削劳动力的工厂潮湿的窗户后面，却看不到乡村的景色。小女孩们每个工作日从早8点到晚8点，不停地擦洗衣领和袖子开口处的污垢，周六上半天班。）”由此可以推断，这些洗衣店无情地剥削小女孩们。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。文章第六段中提到“from 8 am to 8 pm every weekday, working half-day on Saturdays.”；第七段中提到“the pai
73、n of soaps in the open wound of Annies cracked and swollen fingersthe pride these women took in the honest, hard work that kept their families above the breadlines.(肥皂让安妮皲裂肿胀手指上裸露的伤口疼痛这些妇女对诚实、辛勤的工作的自豪，使她们的家庭免于挨饿。)”，尽管安妮只有12 岁，但是她从早到晚在洗衣房工作，手指皲裂肿胀，肥皂让伤口疼痛不已；但是她和其他的在洗衣房工作的女工一样，努力地工作，使她们的家庭维持在贫困线以上，这让她
74、们感到自豪。由此可以推断，安妮是一个性格坚韧、勇敢的女孩。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“ Beezy Marshs absorbing new book about her grandmother, Annie Austin, one of 1,000 women employed in the slum(贫民窟) laundries of London back in 1918. （Beezy Marsh的关于她的祖母Annie Austin的引人入胜的新书，她的祖母是在1918年受雇于伦敦贫民窟洗衣店的1000名女性中的一个。）”下文是介绍这本新书的内容，书中描述了她
75、的祖母在当时的生活和工作的艰难处境。由此可以推断，作者写这篇文章目的是介绍Beezy Marsh关于她祖母的新书。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Why is it that we always seem to pick the slowest line in a supermarket or store? Basically, the reason is simple: the chances are against us. To explain, imagine that you a
76、re in a store where there are three lines. _16_ If there are more lines, your chances of getting into the speediest queue are even less.Interestingly, some people have come up with theories and formulas to calculate this kind of thing. _17_ A pioneering queuing theorist was an engineer named Erlang.
77、 He wanted to figure out the best number of telephone operators to have at the telephone exchange in the early 1900s. Taking into consideration the average number of phone calls in an hour and the average call length, Erlang came up with formulas to determine the best number of operators that should
78、 be on duty at any given time. _18_ On top of that, his work established the basis for queuing theory, which became a new branch of mathematics.The theories first invented by Erlang are still used today in a variety of commercial settings, including call centers and traffic engineering. _19_ While t
79、here are many options available regarding lining up, it appears that a snaking-line approachwhere people stand in a single line and wait for the next available clerkis the most efficient. _20_ Research shows that this option is about three times faster than using separate lines, which is the approac
80、h that is most commonly used but not that efficient for anyone in a rush.A. This is the method that most banks use.B. People who do this type of research are generally known as queuing theorists.C. His formula was soon accepted by telephone companies, including the British Post.D. You only have a on
81、e-in-three chance of picking the quickest line, so most likely youll be wrong.E. The research he conducted even helps modern businesses provide satisfactory services to the public.F. Businesses know just the tricks for distracting their customers from the long lines theyre waiting in.G. Grocery stor
82、es try to have enough employees at checkout lines to get all customers through without delay.【答案】16. D 17. B 18. C 19. E 20. A【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要讲为什么人们总是选择最短的队伍排队，并且论述了对排队的研究以及理论的实际应用。【16题详解】根据前文“To explain, imagine that you are in a store where there are three lines.”可知要在三条队伍中选一条排队，即有三分之一的机会( one
83、-in-three chance ) 排到最快的队伍。D选项中“a one-in-three chance ”与上文 three lines.“”一致。故D选项“你只有三分之一的机会选择最快的路线，所以很有可能你会错。”切题。故选D。【17题详解】空格处属于承上启下句。B选项中的前半句“people who do this type of research”承接上文“some people have come up with theories and formulas to calculate”研究人员提出理论和公式来计算。同时，B选项后半句“queuing theorists”与下文的“A
84、pioneering queuing theorist was an engineer named Erlang.”相呼应。故B选项“做这类研究的人通常被称为排队理论家。”切题。故选B【18题详解】根据上文“Taking into consideration the average number of phone calls in an hour and the average call length, Erlang came up with formulas to determine the best number of operators that should be on duty at
85、 any given time.”可知,考虑到每小时的平均通话次数和平均通话时长，Erlang得出了计算公式，以确定在任何给定时间值班的最佳话务员人数。前文讨论的是对电话的研究，所以他提出的公式被电话公司所认可。与C选项中“His formula 呼应“”came up with formulas ，并且与后文呈递进关系，进一步阐述他的成果。故选C。【19题详解】根据首句“The theories first invented by Erlang are still used today in a variety of commercial settings,”可知Erlang的理论现在仍然应
86、用在各种商业领域。所以空格处讲述的是理论的实际应用。E选项中的he指代Erlang。故E选项“他所做的研究甚至帮助现代企业为公众提供满意的服务。 ”切题。故选E。【20题详解】根据前文“it appears that a snaking-line approachwhere people stand in a single line and wait for the next available clerkis the most efficient.”可知蛇形的排队方式是最有效的。同时，后文提到“Research shows that this option is about three ti
87、mes faster than using separate lines, which is the approach that is most commonly used but not that efficient for anyone in a rush.”可知蛇形排队方式除了对赶时间的人不那么高效但却是是最常用的选择。与A选项“This is the method that most banks use.（所以大多数银行都会选择这种方式。）”切题。THis指代的是a snaking-line approach。故选A。第三部分 英语运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节:完形填空(共15小题
88、；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A Uber driver stopped her work day so she could help a mother with a sick child.Nicole Ihuss son John Henry was _21_ last month with a severe disease. Nicole, living in Kansas City, contacted doctors from Minnesota and Missouri hoping to treat
89、 John Henry for the condition, but in vain. Luckily, Nicole managed to contact “the _22_ doctor in the world for this condition” at Johns Hopkins in Florida so she traveled _23_ there to give her newborn son a fighting chance.After John Henry was _24_ into the ICU, Nicole felt sad and _25_ in the ne
90、w state, but she had to leave her sons side to buy him some _26_. Upon ordering an Uber ride to the nearby childrens store, she was _27_ by a woman named Belinda. Shortly after Nicole got into her car, the mother poured out her heartbreaking _28_.“She told me her story,” Belinda said. “She was _29_
91、a couple of times and I really felt sorry for her.” _30_ simply dropping Nicole off at the store, however, Belinda parked the car and insisted on accompanying her _31_ into the store so she could _32_ John Henry to new clothes. Obviously, Nicole was filled with gratitude.Nicole said, “For this _33_
92、to go completely out of her way stop what she was doing to be with me for several hours while we shopped together, that was just _34_.” As Nicole cares for her newborn son, she hopes to introduce the Uber driver to her son as a thank you for her compassionate (富有同情心的)_35_.21. A. curedB. adoptedC. ab
93、andonedD. born22. A. responsibleB. outstandingC. selflessD. generous23 A. all the timeB. all the sameC. all the wayD. all the while24. A. broughtB. admittedC. draggedD. pushed25. A. relievedB. curiousC. aloneD. hopeful26. A. medicinesB. clothesC. toysD. snacks27. A. hugged upB. picked upC. covered u
94、pD. called up28. A. situationB. divorceC. travelD. illness29. A. in terrorB. in tearsC. in excitementD. in surprise30. A. Other thanB. Apart fromC. Rather thanD. Aside from31. A. friendB. neighborC. passengerD. son32. A. takeB. treatC. pushD. expose33. A. strangerB. doctorC. nurseD. passer-by34. A.
95、unusualB. unbearableC. unbelievableD. unacceptable35. A. measureB. treasureC. pleasureD. gesture【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名优步司机叫停了一天的工作，以便帮助一名生病的孩子的母亲的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰亨利上个月出生时就患有严重疾病。A. cured治愈；B. ado
96、pted收养；C. abandoned抛弃；D. born出生。由后句尼科尔联系了医生，希望为约翰亨利治疗这种疾病，但毫无结果可知，她没有抛弃亨利，亨利的疾病也没有被治愈。排除C和A。D对应这段最后一句her newborn son。故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，尼科尔设法联系到了一位世界上治疗这方面疾病的杰出的医生。A. responsible负责任的；B. outstanding杰出的；C. selfless无私的；D. generous慷慨的。根据上文“Nicole, living in Kansas City, contacted doctors from
97、Minnesota and Missouri hoping to treat John Henry for the condition,”可知尼科尔想为儿子治病，因此她要找世界上最杰出的医生。故选B。【23题详解】考查固定搭配辨析。句意：为了找到世界上最优秀的医生，她一路千里迢迢来到那里，只想给她刚出生的儿子一个拼搏的机会。A. all the time一直；B. all the same依然；C. all the way一路上，千里迢迢；D. all the while一直以来。根据上文中“the_doctor in the world for this condition”以及下文中“.i
98、n the new state, 新的地方”可知，为了治疗儿子的病远离故乡。故选C。24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：亨利被送入重症监护室。A. brought into把拿入；B. admitted into 准许进入，收容，住院；C. dragged into扯进；D. pushed into推进。根据下文“she had to leave her sons side to buy him some.(她不得不离开儿子的身边去给儿子买衣服)”可知，儿子已经住院。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亨利被送入重症监护室后，尼科尔在这个陌生的地方感到悲伤和孤独。A. reliev
99、ed感到轻松的；B. curious 好奇的；C. alone孤独的；D. hopeful有希望的。填空处形容词体现她的心情，and表示填空处应该与sad并列。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是为了给儿子买些东西，她不得不离开儿子的身边。A. medicines药；B. clothes衣服；C. toys玩具；D. snacks零食。联系本文倒数第五行new clothes可知她要给儿子买的是衣物。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在叫了一辆优步车去附近的儿童商店后，一个叫贝琳达的女人接了她上车。A. hugged up错误表达，不存在这个短语；B. picked
100、up捡起，获得，乘载，不费力地学会；C. covered up掩盖；D. called up打电话给，召集，使想起。根据语境可知，此处指一个叫贝琳达的女人接了她上车。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼科尔进了车后不久，这位母亲就向她诉说了她心碎的处境。A. situation处境；B. divorce离婚；C. travel旅行；D. illness疾病。此处与下文“She told me her story”相对应。故选A。【29题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：她哭了几次，我真的为她感到难过。A. in terror在恐惧中；B. in tears流着泪；C. in excit
101、ement处于兴奋中；D. in surprise惊讶地。in tears与前文heartbreaking；sad and alone对应。故选B。【30题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，贝琳达并没有简单地把妮可送到商店，而是把车停了下来，坚持要陪她一起进商店。A. Other than 除了，不同于；B. Apart from 除了；C. Rather than 而不是；D. Aside from 除了。根据文中“Belinda parked the car and insisted on accompanying her(贝琳达停好车并且坚持陪她一起)”可知，贝琳达不是简单的把乘客送到
102、地方后就走了。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝琳达把车停好，坚持要陪她的乘客进商店。A. friend朋友；B. neighbor邻居；C. passenger乘客；D. son儿子。贝琳达是Uber司机所以尼科尔是她的乘客。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝琳达坚持要陪尼科尔进商店，这样她就可以给亨利买新衣服。A. take拿走；B. treat治疗，请客；C. push推；D. expose暴露。尼科尔想给亨利买新衣服。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：让一个陌生人完全不顾一切地停下她正在做的事情，陪我几个小时一起购物，这真是难以置信。A. str
103、anger陌生人；B. doctor医生；C. nurse护士；D. passer-by路人。空格处指代贝琳达。贝琳达与尼科尔素不相识，因而是陌生人。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让一个陌生人完全不顾一切地停下她正在做的事情，陪我几个小时一起购物，这真是难以置信。A. unusual不同寻常的；B. unbearable难以忍受的；C. unbelievable难以置信的；D. unacceptable难以接受的。贝琳达与尼科尔素不相识，却停下手中的工作陪同尼科尔，这件事让人难以相信。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼科尔希望把贝琳达这位优步司机介绍给她的儿子，
104、作为对她同情的举动的感谢。A. measure措施，方法；B. treasure珍宝；C. pleasure愉快；D. gesture善举，手势。根据上文中贝琳达给儿子买衣服以及本句中“compassionate(富有同情心的)”可知，此处应该是指贝琳达的善良的举动。故选D。第二节 短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Change 5 probe has finished gathering subsurface samples and packed them in a container, _36_ (beco
105、me) the third spacecraft to successfully land on the lunar surface this century. Designed to collect about 2 kilograms of samples, the probe has already _37_ (equip) with two types of collection devices in hopes of obtaining various sorts of samples. Having two types of collection devices also reduc
106、es the risk of failure and improves the_38_ (probable) of success. Chinese space engineers skills are being greatly tested by the Change 5 mission. As the mission will involve the first sample collection, it will be _39_ comprehensive, tough test of the researchers abilities in different fields. Ove
107、r the long term, some of Change 5s operations _40_ (help) to accumulate and demonstrate cutting-edge technologies for future Chinese manned lunar travel. _41_ the mission is successful, Change 5 will be the first spacecraft _42_ (take) samples from the moon since August, 1976, which is a _43_ (true)
108、 historic event for Chinas space program: for the first time in the countrys space research history, China National Space Administration performed a landing of a robotic sample-return mission to the Moon. When the samples _44_ (collect) on the Moon are returned to Earth, everyone will benefit _45_ b
109、eing able to study this precious samples that could advance the international science community.【答案】36. becoming 37. been equipped 38. probability 39. a 40. will help 41. If 42. to take 43. truly 44. collected 45. from【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了嫦娥五号月球探测器已经完成了对月球表面样本的采集工作，成为本世纪第三个成功着陆月球表面的航天器。还介绍了针对这些月球
110、样本研究所带来的潜在的好处。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥五号探测器已经完成了对月球表面样品的采集，并将其装入集装箱，成为本世纪第三个成功着陆月球表面的航天器。分析句子结构可知become在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Change 5 probe构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填becoming。【37题详解】考查动词时态。句意：该探测器的设计目的是收集大约2公斤的样本，已经装备了两种类型的收集设备，希望获得各种类型的样本。结合句意表示“装备”可知短语为be equipped with，结合上文the probe has already可知为现在完成时。故填been eq
111、uipped。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：拥有两种类型的收集设备也减少了失败的风险，并提高了成功的可能性。此处作宾语，表示“可能性”应用名词probability，表抽象概念，不可数。故填probability。【39题详解】考查冠词。句意：由于此次任务将涉及首次样本采集，这将是对不同领域研究人员能力的一次全面而严峻的考验。test为可数名词，此处表泛“一次全面而严峻的考验”指应用不定冠词，且comprehensive是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。【40题详解】考查动词时态。句意：从长远来看，嫦娥五号的一些操作将有助于积累和展示中国未来载人月球旅行的尖端技术。根据上文Over
112、the long term以及后文future Chinese manned lunar travel，可知表示将来的动作应用一般将来时。故填will help。【41题详解】考查状语从句。句意：如果任务成功，嫦娥5号将成为自1976年8月以来第一个从月球取样的航天器，这对中国的航天计划来说是一个真正的历史性事件：中国国家航天局在中国航天研究史上第一次执行了登陆月球的机器人取样返回任务。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if，句首单词首字母要大写。故填If。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果任务成功，嫦娥5号将成为自1976年8月以来第一个从月球取样的航天器，这对中国的航天计划来说是一个
113、真正的历史性事件：中国国家航天局在中国航天研究史上第一次执行了登陆月球的机器人取样返回任务。分析句子结构可知take在句中应用非谓语动词形式，名词spacecraft由序数词the first修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to take。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：如果任务成功，嫦娥5号将成为自1976年8月以来第一个从月球取样的航天器，这对中国的航天计划来说是一个真正的历史性事件：中国国家航天局在中国航天研究史上第一次执行了登陆月球的机器人取样返回任务。修饰后文形容词historic ，应用副词truly，作状语。故填truly。44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当在月球上收集到的样本返
114、回地球后，每个人都会从中受益，因为能够研究这些珍贵的样本，可以推动国际科学界的发展。分析句子结构可知collect在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语samples构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填collected。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：当在月球上收集到的样本返回地球后，每个人都会从中受益，因为能够研究这些珍贵的样本，可以推动国际科学界的发展。结合句意表示“受益”可知短语为benefit from。故填from。第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)46. 假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇 发言稿，内容
115、包括：1. 表示欢迎；2. 介绍活动安排；3. 表达祝愿。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Distinguished guests:On behalf of our school I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting.At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school. As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which contains the
116、splendid history of our school. Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods. After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students.As mentioned above, I extremely expect your
117、 coming. May you have an unforgettable experience.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，要求考生写一篇发言稿，向即将到校的新西兰学生致欢迎辞。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1表示欢迎；2介绍活动安排；3表达祝愿。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）on behalf of; would like to; convey; sincere welcome; be of significance; splendid; be
118、worthy of; appreciate; teaching methods; canteen; extremely expect; unforgettable第三步：连词成句1. On behalf of our school, I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting.2. At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school.3. As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which
119、contains the splendid history of our school.4. Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods.5. After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students.6. As mentioned above, I e
120、xtremely expect your coming. 7. May you have an unforgettable experience.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：at first2.表并列补充关系：Furthermore连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1 As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which contains the splendid history of our school.
121、 (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)高分句型2 After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students. (运用了强调句型)第二节 读后续写(满分25分)47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Karie double -checked the words on her spelling test. If she got 100 percent today, shed win her class First-Quarter Spelling
122、 Challenge and a brand new dictionary. Plus, Ms. McCormack had promised to do a handstand if anyone got a perfect score.Three more words to go. N-i-c-e-l-y. Q-u-i-c-k-l-y. H-o-n-e-s-t-y. Wait! Shed spelled honesty, not honestly. She hurriedly erased the t-y and wrote l-y before handing in her paper.
123、Ms. McCormack graded the test papers at the break. Meanwhile, Karie sat restlessly in her seat with her fingers crossed. Then,Ms. McCormack walked to the front of the room and cleared her throat. As if she were an Olympic gymnast, Ms. McCormacks feet flippedin to the air.“Congratulations, Karie! You
124、 did it!” she announced while upside down.The whole class burst into applause! Ms. McCormack righted herself and presented Karie with her prize. Karie grinned as she read the label on the box：To Karie Carter, for her perfect first-quarter score in spelling.“Everything OK?” Mom asked as Karie burst t
125、hrough the front door after school. Karie didnt answer. As if by magic, she took out her spelling test paper and prize and showed them to her mother. Mom hugged her, asking her to put the test paper on the fridge so that Dad could see it when he got home.Karie took another look at the test paper bef
126、ore putting it on the fridge. Her hands stopped in the mid air. She just couldnt believe her own eyes. Honestly?YES! H-O-N-E-S-L-Y!Mom sensed something unusual and asked why. Karie stuffed the test paper into her backpack and explained that she was just too excited. Mom brought her some tea. Yes, a
127、“t” was exactly what she needed.After drinking a little, Karie plodded down the hall, lost in thought. How could she tell the class she hadnt earned the prize after all? That Ms. McCormack did the handstand for nothing?注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；Para l: Later Dad came in with excite
128、ment.Para 2: The next morning, Karie went to school earlier than usual.【答案】Para l:Later Dad came in with excitement. “Wheres your spelling test, Karie?” Dad asked eagerly. Karie looked away from her father. Anyhow, she reluctantly went to her room and pulled out the test paper. Dad fixed his eyes on
129、 the paper, a pleasant smile lifting the corner of his mouth. “Im proud of you, sweetie. We need to celebrate it tonight.” Karie pretended to be smiling all the time. Meanwhile a sense of guilt rose inside her. Feeling she didnt deserve the prize, she had a sleepless night for the first time in her
130、life.Para 2:The next morning, Karie went to school earlier than usual. Ms. McCormack was unlocking the classroom. “Youre an early bird.” Ms. McCormack said. Karies hands trembled. She handed her teacher the spelling paper and the dictionary. “I cant keep this. I misspelled honestly and you didnt cat
131、ch it.” For a moment, Ms. McCormack stood quietly reading the label on the dictionary. Then picking up her pen, she crossed out the word “perfect” and wrote “honest” before returning the dictionary to Karie. “Keep this. But for honesty.”【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Karie在拼写测试中取得了完美的成绩，结果她回到家才发现，自己“诚实”的单词拼写
132、错了，但是老师没有发现。Karie陷入了沉思，不知道要不要告诉老师。不过最终第二天Karie还是去学校告诉了老师这个错误。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“后来，爸爸兴奋地走了进来。”可知，第一段可描写Karie告知父亲自己的成绩，以及Karie内心的感受。由第二段首句内容“第二天早上，Karie比平时更早去了学校。”可知，第二段可描写Karie如何告知老师这个试卷上的错误的，以及老师得知真相后的做法。2.续写线索：Karie给父亲看试卷Karie假装开心Karie感到内疚Karie告诉老师这个错误老师肯定了Karie的诚实。3.词汇激活行为类举动：pull out / hand/ pi
133、ck up/take out看：look away from / fixe ones eyes on/look at去往：go to/come in/get in情绪类不情愿：reluctantly/unwillingly安静：quietly /in silence【点睛】高分句型1Feeling she didnt deserve the prize, she had a sleepless night for the first time in her life.(运用现在分词作状语)高分句型2Then picking up her pen, she crossed out the word perfect and wrote honest before returning the dictionary to Karie.(运用动名词作宾语)