1、M7U1 Grammar 导学案(Prepositions and prepositional phrases)Learning aims(学习目标): To review the usage of some common prepositions to express time, place, and -movementTo learn that prepositions can be combined with verbs, nouns, and adjectives to form prepositional phrasesImportant points(学习重点) ：To learn
2、 how to use some common prepositions and prepositional phrases in different situationsDifficult points(学习难点)：To apply what they have learnt to practice by fulfilling some written tasksLearning guides( 方法导引)：compare, deduce and practiceLearning procedure（学习过程）:Step 1 Lead-in The household appliance s
3、ection is on the fifth floor.Electrical appliances are useful for keeping our daily lives easyDont look out of the window in class.1) Whats the part of speed of the words in bold?2) Where are they put, before a noun or after a noun?3) What are they used to express?Step 2 Prepositions of TimePreposit
4、ions like at, in, on, for, by and since can be used to express time. Others of time include _, etc.1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning,
5、in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following day, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do m
6、orning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation? 高.考.资.源.风注意：after有时也
7、可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.1. Regular public TV broadcasting began_1928.2. The first record players only played a record _two minutes.3. _1967, most TV broadcasts were in color.4 He invited me to a dance after the show_ Christmas Eve. (2009陕西) Aat Bon Cin Dby5 _ when has the
8、 country been open to international trade? （2007 陕西卷）1978, I suppose.A. Since B. In C. From D. AfterStep3 Prepositions of Placeat, in and on can be used as prepositions of place. Other prepositions of place include _etc.1、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northea
9、st of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.2、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.3、表示“穿过”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端
10、至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street. 高.考.资.源.风高.考.资.源.风1) Ill meet you _ the department store.2) Wang Li is _ a media and technology exhibition.3) This new type of TV can be hung _ the wall.4) The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced
11、 by an office building. (2009江西) A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which5) Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair.（08安徽卷）A. on B. off C. into D. toStep4 Prepositions of MovementThe preposition to is often used to show movement. Other prepositions of movement include _ et
12、c.1) The invention of the transistor led _ the development of cassette recorders.2) When autumn comes, many leaves fall _ the tree.3) We walked _ the Tian An Men Square _ the Museum of Chinese History.A. across ;to B. through;by C.by ;on D.past;at4) Lets walk over _the shop on the other side of the
13、street. A. in B. to C. under D. by Tips:Exceptions:1. We usually say in the morning/afternoon/evening, but when we talk about morning/afternoon/evening of a particular day, we use on instead of in.2. We say on a bus/train/plane but in a car/taxi.Step5: Prepositional Phrases Prepositions with Verbs M
14、any prepositions are combined with verbs to form prepositional verbs, e.g., agree with, look for, look into, head for and stand for, etc.1) The ship set sail and headed for Shanghai.2) MD stands for MiniDisc. Prepositions with NounsPrepositions can also be combined with nouns, e.g., in time for, by
15、means of, by accident/mistake, for/on sale, on the market, in that case and up to date, etc.1) When will the new model be on sale?2) This technology is quite up to date. Prepositions with AdjectivesSome prepositions are also combined with adjectives, e.g., good at, capable of, fond of, satisfied/hap
16、py with, etc.1) The program is capable of calculating our budget for the year.2) I am fond of watching black-and-white films.Follow up1 Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter physical and mental health. （2007 江西卷）A.of; at B.by; in C.of; on D.on;at2 Dolly wants to cycle round the
17、world and she is really keen the idea（2007 上海春）Aon Bfor Cat Dwith3 His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. （2009湖北）A.in place B.in sight C.in effectD.in vain拓展：1、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You
18、 are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They dont k
19、now the difference between wheat, oats and barley.2、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the ne
20、wspaper.；except for表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes。高.考.资.源.风3、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me
21、 the story in English.4、as, like：as作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。巩固练习：1. RIYADH, Saudi Arabia: In Saudi Arabias first ever “tooth for a tooth” case, a man who threw a rock _another Saudi nine years ago - knocking t
22、wo teeth _ in the process -has been punished _ having two of his own teeth extracted(取出 ) _ public. He was also fined US$21,000.( out, at, by, in)2. A 61-year-old man was robbed twice in five minutes _ a western German town. He first had his mobile phone stolen _ a gas station by youths who then fle
23、d. When he pursued the thieves _ foot, a passing car with three men claiming to be plainclothes police stopped him, searched him and drove _ _ his wallet. (at, in, with, on, off)3. THAILAND is to use mice to test food _ poison before it is served to US President and 20 other Asia-Pacific leaders _ a
24、 summit in Bangkok this month. Samples of dishes served _ the October 20-21 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation summit will be injected into mice, said a health official last Friday. “We will have the results _ a minute. If its safe, well tell the waiters to start serving,” he said. (within, for, dur
25、ing, at)4.GERNAMS who like reading _ the toilet no longer need take a newspaper _ _ them. They can turn _ novels, poems and detective stories printed on toilet paper. Each roll contains several versions of a text so that readers can use the paper and still leave some entertaining reading _ the next
26、visitor.( with, in, on, to, for)5.A QUARTER of Britains pet dogs and fifth of its cats will be treated _ a turkey dinner with their owners _ Christmas. Animal-loving Britons will spend nearly 100 million pounds _ gifts for their pets this Christmas, a report said last week.( to, on)1. The manager su
27、ggested an earlier date _ the meeting（2007 全国卷I） A. on B. for C. about D. with2.(2004湖南卷32) You cant wear a blue jacket _that shirtit11 1ook terrible Aon Babove Cup Dover3. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days. （2007 全国卷II）A. for B. exceptC. besides D. with4. Leaves are found
28、 on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly _ size and shape.（2007 上海卷） A. on B. from C. by D. in5. The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great charges. （2007 山东卷）Awhen Bduring which Csince then Dsince when6. This is a junior school.You should go to a senior school _
29、girls of your age.（2007 北京卷）A.for B. about C. from D. to7. Although my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. （2007 福建卷）A.againstB.onC.for D.in8. _the silence for the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost bear our own heartbeats. （2007 湖南卷） A. In B. For C. Unde
30、r D. Between9. Scientists are convinced the positive effect of laughter physical and mental health. （2007 江西卷） A.of; at B.by; in C.of; on D.on;at10. when has the country been open to international trade? （2007 陕西卷）1978, I suppose.A.SinceB.InC.FromD.After11. Dolly wants to cycle round the world and s
31、he is really keen the idea（2007 上海春）Aon BforCat Dwith12. Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves（2007 四川卷） Abetween Bamong Cover Dduring13（08全国I卷）24. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by14 (08全国II)15. M
32、odern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here.A. with B. over C. at D. about15（08陕西卷）19. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams.A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon16（08北京卷）33. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back
33、 door.A. for B. by C. across D. out17（08安徽卷）23. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. A. on B. off C. into D. to18（08福建卷）23. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by19（08福建卷）34. You have no idea how she finished the
34、 relay race _ her foot wounded so much. A. for B. when C. with D. while20（08湖南卷）27. When did you last hear _ Jay? He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet.of, to B. about, with C. from, with D. from, on 21（2009.海南、宁夏卷同卷） 34. Everybody was touched _ words after they heard h
35、er moving story. A. beyond B. without C. of D. in 22（2009.全国卷II）13. Jenny nearly missed the flight_ doing too much shopping. A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of 23（2009.北京卷）29. The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, _ little foreign ownership. A. by B.
36、of C. with D. from 24（2009.天津卷）10. The art show was _ being a failure; it was a great success.A. far from B. along with C. next to D. regardless of25（2009.四川卷）6. A great person is always putting others interests _ his own.A. below B. above C. in D. on26（2009.山东卷）33. It saves time in the kitchen to h
37、ave things you use a lot _ easy reach. A. near B. upon C. within D. around27（2009.陕西卷）8. He invited me to a dance after the show_Christmas Eve. A. at B. on C. in D. by 28 （2009.江苏卷）30.This special school accepts all disabled students, _ educational level and background.A. according to B. regardless
38、of C. in addition to D. in terms of29（2009.湖南卷）22Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _ themselves, and solve their problems _ themselves. A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on30（2009.湖北卷）29. Youd sound a lot more polite if you make a request _ a question. A. in search of B. in the
39、form of C. in need of D. in the direction of 31（2009.湖北卷）30. His efforts to raise money for his program were _ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain 32（2009.福建卷）23. -How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring out
40、er space!-Its a challenge, I guess, _ man against nature. A. of B. for C. by D. about 33（2009.辽宁卷）32. Children need friends _ their own age to play with. A. of B. for C. in D. at 34（2009.重庆卷）21. Try on this red skirt; you will look great _it.A. on B. by C. in D. for35（2009.上海卷） 25. Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. A. among B. between C. along D. beside
