1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.astronomy n. 天文学2.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的3.acid n. 酸4.multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加.汉译英1.billion pron.& n& adj. 英万亿；美十亿2.gravity n. 万有引力；重力3.satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星4.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船高频应用1.system n. 系统；体系；制度2.theory n. 学说；理论3.atmospher
2、e n. 大气层；气氛4.chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链5.thus adv. 因此；于是6.gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的7.climate n. 气候8.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落9.pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力10.float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物拓展变形1.religion (n.) 宗教；宗教信仰religious (adj.) 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的2.globe (n.) 球体；地球仪；地球global (adj.) 全球性的；全世界的3.violent (adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的viole
3、nce (n.) 暴力violently (adv.) 暴力地；猛烈地4.unlike (prep.) 与不同；不像like (vt.) 喜欢 (prep.) 像dislike (vt.) 不喜欢；讨厌likely (adj.) 可能的5.harmful (adj.) 有害的harm (n.& vt.) 伤害harmless (adj.) 无害的6.reaction (n.) 反应；回应react (v.) 反应7.exist (vi.) 存在；生存existence (n.) 存在；生存8.puzzle (vt.& vi.) (使)迷惑；(使)为难 (n.) 谜；难题puzzled (adj
4、.) 感到困惑的puzzling (adj.) 令人困惑的9.biology (n.) 生物学biologist (n.) 生物学家10.physicist (n.) 物理学家physical (adj.) 物理的；身体的physician (n.) 医师，(尤指)内科医生physics (n.) 物理学1.后缀ist高频名词biologist 生物学家tourist 旅游者；游客physicist 物理学家scientist 科学家psychologist 心理学家2.un前缀高频形容词unlike 不像的unfair 不公平的unimportant 不重要的unusual 不寻常的unha
5、ppy 不幸福的unfortunate 不幸运的3.常见的“n.fuladj.”useuseful 有用的painpainful 疼痛的peacepeaceful 和平的harmharmful 有害的powerpowerful 有力的doubtdoubtful 怀疑的meaningmeaningful 有意义的cheercheerful 高兴的一 动词介/副词1.prevent . from 阻止；制止2.depend on/upon 依靠；取决于3.block out 挡住(光线)4.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋5.break out 突发；爆发6.watch out for 密切注
6、意；当心；提防二 介词名词7.in time 及时；终于8.in ones turn 轮到某人三 其他9.give birth to 产生；分娩10.now that 既然11.get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解1.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事prevent sb. (from) doing sth.stop sb. (from) doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth.(2)禁止某人做某事prohibit sb. from doing sth.ban sb. from doing sth.forbid sb. from do
7、ing sth.2.“动词out”短语荟萃block out 挡住(光线)break out 突发；爆发find out 查出；弄明白look/watch out 当心；提防put out 扑灭 run out 用完let out 泄露；发出(声音) die out 灭绝1.whether . or not “是否”The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not (是否). (教材P25)2.make itadj./n. for sb./sth. to do sth.Th
8、is produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop (使生命发展成为可能). (教材P26)3.as . as 比较结构 ., but it will not be as strong a pull as (像一样强) the earths. (教材P31)4.“倍数asadj./adv.as”句型But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth (是地球上的两倍远) and fel
9、l over. (教材P31)5.now that 引导的原因状语从句 . walking does need a bit of practice now that (既然) gravity has changed. (教材P31)单句语法填空1.According to a widely (accept) theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” threw matter in all directions.答案：accepted; that2. is even more important is that the earth cooled d
10、own, water began to appear on its surface.答案：What; as3.It was not immediately obvious water was to be fundamental the development of life.答案：that; to4. many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas.答案：Wha
11、t; harmful5.They produced young generally laying eggs.答案：by6. a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot (live) on.答案：As; to live 7. life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.答案：Whether8.Last month I wa
12、s lucky enough (have) a chance (make) a trip into space with my friend.答案：to have; to make9.I might even grow (tall) if I stay here long enough.答案：taller10.Leaving the moons gravity (be) not as painful as leaving the earths.答案：was考点步步冲关1 harmfuladj. 有害的What many scientists believe is that the contin
13、ued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(P26)很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害(2) 对某人有害(3) 做某事没有坏处即时练1单句语法填空As we all know, a bad eating habit is (harm) to ones health.As far as Im concerned, ther
14、e is no harm making an apology to him first.答案：harmfulin一句多译有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, . (定语从句)Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, and .(并列句)答案：which is very harmful to their healthit does great harm to their
15、health2 existvi.存在；生存They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26)它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)exist on靠生存/生活exist in存在于之中There exist(s) . 某地有；存在(2)come into existence产生；成立；开始存在in existence现存；存在(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的名师点津(1)exist只用作不及物动词，因此没有被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。(2)There exi
16、sts . 表示“存在；有”，there不可用it替换。即时练2单句语法填空They cant exist the money hes earning.Large amounts of Calcium exist milk. exists a generation gap between the young and the old.Pakistan came into (exist) as an independent country after the war.答案：oninThereexistence3 pulln& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力As the rocket rose into
17、 the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.(P30)随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pull away (车辆等)驶离；开走pull in (车辆等)进站；停靠pull down 拆除；使受挫；使虚弱pull off (成功地)完成；驶离pull on (匆忙地)穿上pull out 驶出车站；撤离pull through 恢复健康；渡过难关pull up 停车pull togethe
18、r (使)齐心协力即时练3用pull相关短语的适当形式填空The train and all the passengers got off.They are some houses to make room for a new hotel.Everyone was very concerned about whether he would or not.So long as we theres no mountain top we cant conquer.答案：pulled inpulling downpull throughpull together1in time 及时；终于；最终教材原
19、句They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, . (P25)它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，(1)at a time 一次；每次at one time 曾经；一度at times 有时；间或at the same time 与此同时；然而at no time 决不；从不in no time 立刻；马上on time 按时；准时for the time being 暂时(2)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来all the time 始终；一
20、直kill time 消磨时光名师点津(1)in time后可接for sth./to do sth.的形式，意为“做某事及时/来得及/正好赶上做某事”。(2)at no time等含否定意义的词组位于句首，句子要部分倒装；in no time意为“立刻，马上”，无否定意义，置于句首，不引起倒装。即时练1用time相关短语的适当形式填空They ran all the way to the corner just to see the bus disappearing up the street.As the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, t
21、here is a way.” Our efforts will pay off . ， I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be free from them. did I feel they were being unreasonable.Well be there .答案：in timein timeAt one timeAt no timein no time2in ones turn 轮到某人教材原句Thus they have, in their turn, become the most
22、important animals on the planet.(P26)于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。in turn 依次；轮流；逐个；相应地；转而by turns 轮流；交替take turns doing/to do sth. 轮流做Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事turn out to be sth. 结果是；原来是It turns/turned out that . 结果是即时练2用turn相关短语的适当形式填空When it is ， I am too excited to speak.All theories are from pra
23、ctice and serve practice.The young parents had to to look after their sick baby.I think to drive the kids to school this week.It that I was wrong.答案：in my turnin turntake turnsits my turnturned out1This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.(P26)翻译这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为
24、可能。句型make itadj./n.for sb. to do，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。(1)makeit形容词/名词that从句makeit形容词/名词to do不定式makeitno good/no use/no value . doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等。即时练1单句语法填空They want to make clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.People in the west ma
25、ke it a rule (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.I consider it no use (quarrel) with him about it.答案：itto buyquarrelling一句多译精通这项科技可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。Mastering the technology makes it possible more effectively. (用不定式)Mastering the technology makes it possible more effectively. (用宾语从
26、句)答案：for us to use the Internetthat we can use the Internet2But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31)翻译而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as . 是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。as far as . “远到”。英语中四种最常见的倍数表达法：(1)倍数as原级as . (2)
27、倍数比较级than . (3)倍数the size/length/width/height/depth . of . (4)倍数what从句名师点津在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。即时练2单句语法填空It is said that his new apartment is twice (large) than the old one.The population now in this village is five times it was ten years ago.答案：largerwha
28、t一句多译据报道，最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost three times the earth.It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost three times the earth.It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almo
29、st three times the earth.答案：as large aslarger thanthe size of主语从句主语从句用作主语的从句称为主语从句(Subject Clause)。引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：(1)连词that, whether等；(2)连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；(3)连接副词when, where, why, how等。That she could come to help us made us very happy.她能来帮我们，这使得我们很高兴。Where the Engl
30、ish evening will be held hasnt been decided.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有决定下来。Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.无论你在业余时间做什么都不应伤害他人。主语从句能用it作形式上的主语由于主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。比较常见的句型有：(1)Itbe形容词(important, likely, possible, clear等)主语从句；(2)Itbe名词(fact, idea, mystery, pity, pl
31、easure, wonder等)主语从句；(3)Itbe过去分词(known, said, reported, suggested等)主语从句；(4)It特殊动词(appear, seem, happen等)主语从句。It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.很显然，学生们应该为自己的未来做好准备。It is suggested that the old man (should) go to the countryside to have a rest.建议这位老人到乡下去
32、休养。It happened that she was out when we called.我们打电话时她碰巧不在家。即时练.单句语法填空1Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案：whoever2 we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.答案：How3I think impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.答案：what4 the
33、boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.答案：That5It is likely babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it.答案：that.单句改错1Who has helped to save the drowning girl is worthy of being praised. 答案：WhoWhoever2In some countries, that is called equali
34、ty does not really mean equal rights for all people. 答案：thatwhat3It is really a wonder he is still alive after the crash. 答案：he前加that4That we were interested in was whether they managed to control the pollution here. 答案：ThatWhat5How our spring sports meet will be held or not this week is not known y
35、et. 答案：HowWhether基础达标演练.单句语法填空1The production is now 3 times it was ten years ago.答案：what2During those four years, he worked day and night, thus (improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.答案：improving3Sometimes he found very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.答案：it4
36、What makes me (puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.答案：puzzled5Many household products are potentially (harm)答案：harmful6 we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.答案：That7 (like) most people in the office, I dont come to work by car.答案：Unl
37、ike8The argument remains extremely heated on whether there are necessary conditions of (exist) such as water on Mars.答案：existence9If our parents do everything for us, we wont learn to depend ourselves.答案：on10The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches
38、 these limits will depend on his environment.答案：whether.单句改错1Apes have flexible hands much like ours but unlike that of any other creature. 答案：thatthose2Whenever I get in trouble, my father always encourages me, “Dont worry, my girl. Im sure everything will get better on time.” 答案：onin3The new bridg
39、e is three times width of that one built last year. 答案：width前加the4We hope the new machine will work faster, instead reducing our costs. 答案：insteadthus/hence/therefore5Teachers can help them learn to take risks in an atmosphere that they feel confident about doing so. 答案：thatwhere.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1地球是火
40、星的六倍大。(time; size) 答案：The earth is six times the size of Mars.2我们能登陆火星吗？这完全取决于科学和技术的发展。 (depend on) 答案：Can we land on Mars? It all depends on the development of science and technology.3火星上几乎没有氧气，这使生命存在成为不可能。 (make; exist) 答案：There is almost no oxygen on Mars, which makes it impossible for life to ex
41、ist.4中午的温度可能在50度左右，而晚上的温度则在零下100度左右。这使得我们无法在那里生活。(prevent . from . ) 答案：It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which prevents us from living there.5既然火星与地球完全不同，如果我们计划有朝一日去火星的话，我们不得不带上我们自己的氧气、食物、衣服和住的地方。(now that) 答案：Now that Mars is quite different from
42、the earth, if we are to go to Mars one day, we have to take our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter with us.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：The earth is six times the size of Mars. Whether we can land on Mars all depends on the development of science and technology. There is almost no oxygen on Mars,
43、which makes it impossible for life to exist. It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which prevents us from living there. Now that Mars is quite different from the earth, if we are to go to Mars one day, we have to take our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter with us.- 17 - 版权所有高考资源网