1、山西省稷山中学2021届高三英语周检测试题（五）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分） 第一节（共 15 小题：每题 3 分，满分 45）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ABeing a polite airline passenger starts with just a few easy steps.Help your fellow travelerWhile youre loading your carryon bag into the overhead space, offer to lift a fello
2、w passengers up there, too. Not only is it kind, but it could make the boarding process more efficient for everyone else.Keep your personal things wellIts important to be mindful of your personal belongings. Avoid hitting other passengers with your bag, as you walk down the aisles ( 过 道 ), by keepin
3、g it in front of you and close to your body. And once you sit down, you should stay there, and make sure you have everything you will need for the flight once you settle in your seat. Reaching over other passengers to access the overhead storage during the flight is uncomfortable for everyone.Respec
4、t your (limited) spaceIn the narrow space of an airplane, maintaining your personal space will be helpful in making a smoother ride for everyone. Let the middleseat passenger use the armrests (its the least you can do), and keep your legs within the width of the chair frame.Be willing to swap seats
5、with a familyAirlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent (毗连的) ones, making it tough for family members to buy seats together. If youre traveling alone, offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other; its a kind gesture that the
6、y wont forget. But be sure to delay swapping until the plane has reached the safe altitude, as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways.1. To be a polite airline passenger, you need to do the following except .A. lending a helping hand to
7、your travelling companionB. using the armrests to support your arms if you wantC. avoiding reaching over others to open the overhead storageD. keeping your bag in front of you while walking down the aisles2. If a man wants to swap the seat with you, you should .A. charge extra fees for offering adja
8、cent seatsB. ask him to reserve the seat online in advanceC. offer your seat and stand in the walkwaysD. put off swapping unless it is safe enough3.Where can you most probably find the text?A. In a daily newspaper.B. In a literature book.C. In an airport guidebook.D. In an official document.BDriven
9、by her passion for providing quality healthcare, a Latvian woman has won over the hearts of the elderly living in the nursing home she oversees (监督).It is incredibly rare to find a Caucasian woman working as the director of a nursing home in Shanghai. But the fact that Anastasija Puzankova can even
10、speak in Liantang, a Chinese dialect spoken only by residents in a small town in southwestern Shanghai, makes her one of a kind.“I had always wondered how the elderly were getting along with others, or if they were well cared for. I realized that I could better serve them and understand their concer
11、ns if I spoke their dialect.” says the 35-year-old, who also speaks Russian, English, Latvian, French and Spanish.Puzankova chose to study Sinology(汉学) out of her curiosity about China at the University ofLatvia in 2003. The next year, she traveled to Shanghai as part of an exchange program and then
12、 she spent the next 10 years studying law at Fudan University, graduating with a masters degree in 2014.Despite her qualifications, in 2018, Puzankova joined Haiyang Group, a Shanghai-based company that operates the nursing home, as an executive assistant. During that period, she performed so well i
13、n her nursing and management training that she was appointed the director of the home after just one year.A caregiver, surnamed Cai, says the atmosphere at the home has changed since Puzankova took charge. “She makes life in the nursing home uplifting and purposeful.” says Cai.“She throws monthly bi
14、rthday parties for the elderly, creates a festive mood in the home for every traditional festival and frequently organizes handicrafts classes and activities to stimulate the minds of the residents.”When family visits and group activities were delayed during the novel coronavirus outbreak, Puzankova
15、 came up with a similar idea at the home, purchasing vegetable seeds and growing them in the field near the nursing home so that the residents can observe the plants growing from their windows.“Just watching the plants grow can lift their spirits. We can also serve these organic vegetables to them.”
16、 she explains.Puzankova says, “I simply like communicating with people, understanding their personalities and offering help when they are in need. Making an elderly person happy isnt hard. It just takes a little time, love and thought.”4. Why did Anastasija Puzankova learn the Chinese dialect Lianta
17、ng?A. To satisfy her superior.B. To research its history and popularity.C. To communicate with the elderly better.D. To prove her language learning capacity.5. During the novel coronavirus outbreak, Puzankova .A. forbade family visits forever.B. created a festive mood in the home.C. organized some o
18、utdoor activities for the elderly.D. planted some vegetables for the elderly to watch indoors.6. What can we learn from Puzankovas story?A. Time will tell.B. Hard work pays off.C. Love breaks down barriers.D. Education is the key to success.7. The best title of the passage could be “ ”.A. A foreign
19、face with a local soulB. A language expert with a loving heartC. A nursing home with a woman directorD. An executive assistant with a masters degreeCFor years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will incre
20、ase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then. So whats the solution? Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical ca
21、rt that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patien
22、t contact.A robots appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse called Actroid F. It is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This c
23、onversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and “only three or four said th
24、ey didnt like having it around”.Its important to note that robotic nurses dont decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses. Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots
25、 will lead to collaboration, not replacement.8. What does the author say about Japan?A. It ranks top in future robotics technology.B. It takes the lead in offering robotic nursing.C. It is in desperate need of registered nurses.D. It provides the best medication for the elderly.9. Which of the follo
26、wing best explains “implemented” underlined in Paragraph 3?A. cancelled.B. constructed.C. improved.D. applied.10. What do we know about the robot Actroid F?A. It has no difference from a human nurse.B. It gets favorable remarks from all the patients.C. It interacts with patients like a human compani
27、on.D. It uses body language even more effectively than words.11. What is the authors attitude towards robotic nurses?A. SkepticalB. PositiveC. CriticalD. IndifferentDAlthough women now earn more degrees than men, all is not well with them. Women undergraduates are just as likely as men to have a dri
28、nking problem. And they are more likely to have anxiety disorders and to be clinically depressed.After 46 years of college teaching, I still give colleges an “F” factora factor that plays a major role in female students well-being: fathers. As documented in my research over the past 30 years, daught
29、ers who have strong, supportive relationships with their fathers generally earn better grades, have higher college graduation rates and enter more STEM professions. These daughters are also more emotionally resilient (恢复快的) and self-confident.Moreover, well-fathered women obtain these benefits regar
30、dless of their familys income. It isworth noting that students from wealthier families do not have better relationships with their parents than students from less well-off families.Then, too, college-educated parents are the most likely to spoil their childrenespecially their daughters, leaving them
31、 becoming the fragile “snowflake” students who melt too easily under stress and rely too often on their parents or college personnel to solve their problems.For decades the research has shown that fathers are less likely than mothers to be overly protective “helicopter” parents who are crazy about t
32、rying to make lifes path as stress-free as possible for children. So how can colleges and universities improve their grades on the “F” factor?First, the curriculum needs to be more inclusive and less prejudiced against fathers. For example, social science textbooks and academic journals devote far m
33、ore attention to mothers than to fathers. A less sexist, more balanced curriculum would help remove the myths that work against strong father-daughter bonds. Second, colleges can make the faculty (全体教师) more aware of how their female students relationships with their fathers affect their academic pe
34、rformance and mental health. Third, colleges can create more events specifically for fathers and can be more sensitive to fathers requirements.Supporting the “father factor” in these ways can give women students mental health a much-needed boost. And it can also offer professors and staff members an
35、other valuable resource to help deal with the challenges that might lie ahead.12. What do we know about well-fathered female students?A. They often have a drinking problem.B. They gain advantages in various aspects.C. They usually come from wealthier families.D. They are more likely to have anxiety
36、disorders.13. What does the author think of “helicopter” parents?A. They are definitely college graduates.B. They are mostly overly protective fathers.C. They are seeking for a stress-free lifes path.D. They are responsible for the “snowflake” children.14. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Measure
37、s that colleges can take.B. Challenges that colleges may face.C. Suggestions that fathers should follow.D. Benefits that college education will bring.15. What is the main idea of the text?A. Colleges should place great emphasis on the “F” FactorB. Colleges are to blame for prejudiceC. Strong father-
38、daughter bonds MatterD. Fathers are the best teachers for children第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，共 15 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We think of winter as cold and flu season, but the cold temperatures have powerful biological upsides too.Boosts your brain16. . Studies have found that people perfo
39、rm some cognitive (认知的) tasks like making decisions better when the temperature is cooler. Research has also shown that people are less willing to handle complex tasks in the summer than in the winter.Burns caloriesWhen its cold, your body works harder to keep your core temperature, which is typical
40、ly about 98.6 degrees. “Our bodies use a considerable amount of energy to keep us warm and to dampen the air we breathe when were out in the cold,” explains Stacy Tucker, an expert from Kansas City. 17. . A recent study showed that participants burned 34 percent more calories when they hiked in 14-t
41、o 23-degree temperatures than they did hiking on 50-degree days.Activates healthy fatWe know accumulating too much ordinary fat or “white fat” can endanger our health. But adults also have small amounts of beneficial “ brown fat” that can quicken their metabolism (新陈代谢) and burn more calories. 18. .
42、Encourages better sleepYour bodys core temperature drops when youre trying to sleep. 19. but its much faster in winter, says Tucker. Plus, with darker mornings, you naturally sleep later.20. Yes, you might get more colds during the winter. However, studies have shown that the immune system can be ac
43、tivated by colder temperatures, which improves our ability to fight infections, explains Tucker. That said, the flu virus becomes strong in cold, dry air, and time spent indoors increases your chance of infection. To reduce risk, get your annual flu shot, wash your hands frequently, and go outside.A
44、. Fights infectionsB. So fasten your boots.C. Suffers from infectionsD. Colder temperatures can help you think more clearly.E. And cold temperatures can activate this useful fat.F. Exercising in the winter makes heart muscles stronger,G. This process can take up to two hours in the summer,第二部分 英语知识运
45、用(共两节，满分 55 分)第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Some of the greatest problems we face today are concerned with the gradual destruction of our environment. Brown clouds; wildlife 21 ; polluted water. These 22 all seem so huge. So my family does what we can. We t
46、ake cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we dont have to 23 .But does it do any good?I recently learned something about flamingos ( 火 烈 鸟 ). These beautiful birds gather in 24 groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when the time 25 for migration, a few flamingos start
47、 the process by taking off from the lake. But 26 of the others seem to notice, so the tiny group returns.However, the next day they 27 again. This time a few more struggle along with them, but the vast majority still 28 no attention, so these pioneers come back.The 29 continues for several more days
48、. Every time a few more birds join in but, 30 the thousands of others still take no 31 , the great migration plan is once again 32 .Then one day something 33 . The same small group of birds takes wing and a tiny number more join in, just as before. And this time their total number, though still quit
49、e 34 , is enough to tip the balance. As one, the whole group takes flight and the migration 35 . What a 36 sight it must be thousands of flamingos taking to the sky at once!A few can make a 37 . Its true that all of the great problems of the world have been solved because of the 38efforts of a few.I
50、f you believe in a cause, dont 39! Others will someday take notice and together we will 40even our greatest problems.21. A. protectionB. extinctionC. migrationD. separation22. A. questionsB. costsC. examplesD. problems23. A. driveB. runC. cycleD. stand24. A. tinyB. differentC. hugeD. similar25. A. c
51、omesB. passesC. variesD. moves26. A. allB. anyC. noneD. most27. A. gatherB. attemptC. singD. appear28. A. attractB. requireC. escapeD. pay29. A. planB. trendC. activityD. movement30. A. sinceB. thoughC. unlessD. while31. A. responsibilityB. noticeC. chanceD. measure32. A. put offB. cut offC. carried
52、 outD. worked out33. A. approachesB. worksC. changesD. disappears34. A. significantB. reasonableC. adequateD. small35. A. continuesB. delaysC. finishesD. begins36. A. familiarB. strangeC. magnificentD. unrealistic37. A. pointB. decisionC. differenceD. mistake38. A. uselessB. tirelessC. extraD. speci
53、al39. A. give upB. give inC. give awayD. give out40. A. identifyB. understandC. predictD. address第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的词（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Tang Tianyuan from Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region (广西壮族自治区) was viewed as a lucky dog, for he succeeded 41. building a business ba
54、sed on a passion.Tang, 42. majored in ceramics (制陶艺术) and decorative sculpture design at college, set up a workshop after his studies to make Ningxi pottery, which is considered one of the top four 43. (variety) of pottery in China.44. (initial), the pottery business was hard, as he had to make pott
55、ery himself while also 45. (take) care of management and sales. But the past five years of efforts have earned him many more orders, 46. (compare) to none at the very beginning.Up to now, 47. 28-year-old has been engaged in making Ningxi pottery for five years, and the most impressive thing for Tang
56、 is the happiness he 48. (achieve).He said that 49. was worthwhile starting a business based on his own interest that could support himself as well as gain public 50. (recognize).第三部分 写作 （共两节， 满分 35 分）第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个
57、单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。Dear Jenny,Welcome to my school! When you arrive, there will be a party for you holding by my classmates. You may attend to English classes to feel a differently learni
58、ng style. After that, you can go to your host family that you can experience the Chinese way of life. You can have meals together chatting anything that interests you.The host family will also show us around some famous scenic spot. You can see people selling kites everywhere because our city was ho
59、me to kites. There are many kinds of kites to choose from.So isnt it the good idea to buy some for your friends? Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule.Best wishes.Yours, Zhang Ming第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）假如你是学生会主席李华，学生会打算举办留学生中华古典诗歌朗诵比赛(the Chinese Classical Poetry Recitation Contest)
60、，请你写信邀请留学生 James 参加。要点如下：1. 活动的目的意义；2. 比赛时间和地点：11 月 10 日下午 3：00-5：00；学校报告厅；3. 内容和形式：诵读中华古典诗歌：前十名奖励诗集唐诗 300 首（Three Hundred Tang Poems）。注意：1.词数l00 左右：2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯Dear James, Yours, Li Hua英语答案I. 阅读理解部分Passage A【体裁】应用文 【难度】 【主题语境】人与自我-做人与做事-优秀品行-如何成为一名有礼貌的乘客四点建议。【主旨】成为一名有礼貌的乘客只需要简单的几步：帮助你的旅伴；保管好你的
61、私人物品尊重你(有限的)空间；愿意与家庭航空公司交换座位【文章结构】总分结构；【参考翻译】成为一名有礼貌的乘客只需要简单的几步。帮助你的旅伴当你把你的手提行李放入头顶上方的空间时，你也可以把一个乘客举到那里。这不仅是友好的，而且可以使登机过程对其他人更有效。保管好你的私人物品注意你的个人物品很重要。当你走在过道上时，避免用你的包撞到其他乘客(过 道)，通过保持它在你面前，靠近你的身体。一旦你坐下来，你应该呆在那里，并确保一旦你在座位上坐下来，你就有了飞行所需的一切。在飞行过程中，越过其他乘客进入头顶的储物空间对每个人来说都是不舒服的。尊重你(有限的)空间在飞机狭小的空间里，维护好自己的个人空间
62、，会有助于让大家的乘坐更加顺畅。让中间座位的乘客使用扶手(这是你能做的最起码的事)，并且让你的腿保持在椅子框架的宽度内。航空公司有时会为特殊乘客保留某些座位，或者对相邻的(毗连的)的，让家人很难一起买座位。如果你是一个人旅行，提议交换座位，这样一家人可以坐在一起；这是他们不会忘记的友好姿态。但是一定要推迟交换，直到飞机到达安全高度，因为在每个人登机的时候交换座位对那些站在走道上的人来说是不方便的。愿意与家庭航空公司交换座位航空公司有时为特殊乘客预订某些座位，或为相邻的乘客收取额外费用，这使得家庭成员很难一起购买座位。 如果你一个人旅行，提议换座位，这样一个家庭就可以坐在一起；这是一个他们不会忘
63、记的善意的行为。 但是，一定要推迟交换，直到飞机到达安全的高度，因为在每个人都登机的时候换座位对站在走道上的人来说可能是一个不便。Vocabulary and chunks bonus:1. efficient fntadj. 效率高的；有能力的 2. efficiencyfnsin. 效率；物功率3. mindful adj. 留心的，注意的；记住的，不忘的；警觉的；经意4. access ksesn. 入口，通道；（使用或见到的）机会/权利v. 访问，存取 （计算机信息）；到达，进入，使用5. accessible ksesbladj. 可进入/到达/使用的；可理解的；随和的6. belo
64、nging n. 附属品，附件，属性 belong7. storage n. 储藏；(计算机的)存储；付费托管 8. store n. 百货商店；备用物仓库v. 保存；记忆9. narrow adj. 狭窄的；狭隘的；险胜的；勉强的；v. 变狭窄；缩小 10. narrowly adv. 狭窄地；勉强地；严密地；仔细地11. maintain v. 维持，保持；坚称；维修，保养；供养12. width n. 宽度；广度；宽阔 wide widen13. swap n. 交换；交换物，被掉换者vi. 交换（工作）vt. 用替换，把换成，掉换（过来）14. reserve v. 保留；预订；拥有1
65、5. tough adj. 棘手的；坚强的；粗野的；治安很差的；艰难的；强硬的；坚固的；16. delay doing v. 推迟；耽误；磨蹭；使迟到n. 延期；耽误17. altitude lttjud n. 海拔；高地18. attitude ttjud 态度，看法;19. convenient adj. 实用的；方便的；附近的；省事的 20. convenience n. 方便；带来方便的事物；便利设施；公共厕所Passage B【体裁】记叙文-人物类 【难度】 【主题语境】人与自我-做人与做事-个人职业倾向【主旨】一名拉脱维亚妇女在提供优质医疗服务的热情驱使下，赢得了住在她所监管的养老
66、院里的老人的心。【文章结构】Para1:开门见山提出话题内容，对安娜斯塔西娅普赞科娃做总体介绍；Para2-5:讲述安娜斯塔西娅普赞科娃的职业追求和学习经历工作经历；Para6-9:讲述安娜斯塔西娅普赞科娃使得养老院的生活变得令人振奋和有意义的两件事；Para10: 自我总结感受，升华主题-爱打破了障碍。【参考翻译】一名拉脱维亚妇女在提供优质医疗服务的热情驱使下，赢得了住在她所监管的养老院里的老人的心。在上海，很难找到一位白人女性担任养老院主任。但事实上，安娜斯塔西娅普赞科娃甚至能说李安堂语，这是一种只有上海西南部一个小镇的居民才说的中国方言，这让她独树一帜。“我一直想知道老年人和其他人相处得
67、怎么样，或者他们是否得到了很好的照顾。我意识到，如果我说他们的方言，我可以更好地为他们服务，理解他们的担忧。”这位35岁的人说，她还会说俄语、英语、拉脱维亚语、法语和西班牙语。普赞科娃(Puzankova)2003年在拉脱维亚大学(University of Latvia(University of Latvia)学习了汉学，出于她对中国的好奇。第二年，作为交流项目的一部分，她去了上海，然后在接下来的10年里，她在复旦大学学习法律，并于2014年获得硕士学位。尽管有资历，2018年，普赞科娃还是加入了海阳集团，担任行政助理。海阳集团是一家总部位于上海的公司，经营这家养老院。在此期间，她在护理和
68、管理培训中表现出色，仅一年后就被任命为该院院长。一位姓蔡的护理人员说，自从普赞科娃上任以来，养老院的气氛已经改变了。她让养老院的生活变得令人振奋和有意义。蔡说。“她每月为老人举办生日聚会，为每个传统节日营造节日气氛，并经常组织手工艺班和活动来激发居民的灵感。”在新型冠状病毒爆发期间，当家庭探访和小组活动被推迟时，普赞科娃想出了类似的主意，购买蔬菜种子，在养老院附近的田地里种植，这样居民就可以从他们的窗户观察到植物生长出来。“只是看着植物生长就能振奋他们的精神。我们也可以给他们提供这些有机蔬菜。”她解释道。v 普赞科娃说，“我只是喜欢与人交流，了解他们的个性，并在他们需要的时候提供帮助。让老年人
69、快乐并不难。 这只需要一点时间，爱和思考。”Vocabulary and chunks bonus:shortage of 缺少;21. passion n. 热情；强烈的情感； passionate adj. 热烈的；激昂的；22. nursing home小型私人医院;疗养院;23. incredibly nkredbli adv.难以置信地；24. dialect dalekt n. 方言，土话; 25. one of a kind独一无二26. exchange program交流项目；27. masters degree硕士学位 28. out of curiosity 出于好奇心；
70、29. quality n. 质量；特性；adj. 优质的；qualify v. （使)有资格/权利；达到标准qualification n. 资格；易混词：quantity kwntti n. 数量，数额；30. despite=in spite of prep.不管，不顾；31. an executive assistant行政助理 zekjtv32. manage 使用；完成（困难的事）；经营；vt. management n.33. appoint v. 任命；委派；安排 appointment n.预约，约定; 任命; 职位;34. caregiven n.照料者，护理者;35. s
71、urname n. 姓，姓氏；别名，绰号36. atmosphere n. 大气层；空气；氛围，环境；37. uplifting adj.令人振奋的；38. purpose n. 意图，计划；情势需要；重要意义；意志 purposeful39. throw a party =hold a party 举行聚会40. take charge 看管；负责；不受控制；主持in charge of 41. stimulate vt. 刺激；激励，鼓舞；使兴奋42. come up with 想岀，想到=put forward=bring up;43. purchase n. 购买（物）；v. 购买44
72、. organic adj. 有机的；生物的；自然的；系统的；器官的45. superiorsupri(r) adj.比好的;n.上级; 能人;46. language learning capacity语言学习能力；kpsti 容量; 才能; 47. Time will tell时间证明一切Passage C【体裁】说明文 【难度】 【主题语境】人与社会-科学与技术-科技发展与信息技术创新-机器人护士【主旨】如何解决美国护士短缺的严重问题呢?机器人护士成为最佳选择；【文章结构】Para1:先提出要解决的现实问题-护士短缺；Para2：过渡段，提出能解决现实问题的新科技产品的名称robot；P
73、ara3: 首先介绍日本率先使用的机器人-机器人医疗车的特点；Para4: 再介绍一个名为Actroid F的机器人护士的特点，它与人类如此相似，更能有效与病人交流互动；Pare5:前景展望：机器人护士的相互作用似乎会导致协作，而不是替代人类。【参考翻译】多年来，美国一直缺乏注册护士。劳工统计局预测，虽然护士的数量到2022年将增加19%，但需求增长将快于供应，到那时将有100多万个护理职位空缺。那么解决办法是什么呢？机器人。日本在这一趋势上走在了前列。丰桥科技大学开发了Terapio，这是一种机器人医疗车，可以在医院巡视，运送药物和其他物品。它跟踪特定的个人，如医生或护士，他们可以使用它来记
74、录和访问患者数据。这种类型的机器人很可能是第一批在医院实现的机器人之一，因为它与病人的接触相当少。机器人的外观影响其成功与人类互动的能力，这就是为什么RIKEN-TRI人机互动机器人研究合作中心决定开发一种名为Actroid F的机器人护士。它与人类如此相似，以至于一些患者可能不知道其中的区别。这个会说话的机器人同伴的眼睛里有摄像头，这使得它能够跟踪病人，并在互动中使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言。在为期一个月的医院试验中，研究人员询问了70名患者他们在机器人身边的感受，“只有三四个人说他们不喜欢有它在身边”。重要的是要注意，机器人护士不会决定疗程或做出诊断。相反，他们执行例行和费力的任务，让护士
75、腾出时间来照顾有迫切需求的病人。在这个行业中，机器人的互动似乎会导致合作，而不是替代。Vocabulary and chunks bonus:48. short adj.短缺的 shortage n. 不足，缺少，短缺 shortcoming n. 短处，缺点49. shortage of 缺少;=lack of ;50. registered redstd adj.注册的；登记过的;51. project n. 项目；方案；工程; vt.预测；预计；(熟词生义）52. ahead of the curve 走在前端的;引领潮流的;curve n. 曲线(面)53. When it comes
76、 to sth.当提及某事；54. robot rbt n.机器人； robotic rbtk adj. 机器人的；55. medical cart医疗车 cart k:t n.运货马车，手推车；56. make hospital rounds医院巡视；医院查房；57. deliver medications递送药物;58. item n. atm n.条，条款；项目；59. minimal adj. 最小的，极少的；极小的60. patient contact病人接触;61. interact with与相互作用，与相互影响；interaction n. 互动；62. conversatio
77、n n.对话； conversational adj. 会话的，谈话的; 63. companion n. kmpnin n.同伴; 陪伴; 64. face n. facial adj. 面部的 ;facial expressions医面部表情;65. appropriate adj. 适当的；合适的;66. interaction n.合作；互相影响；互动67. trial tral n.试验；试用期；try vt. 试图，努力；68. make diagnoses做诊断diagnose danz v. 诊断；判断；69. perform routine tasks执行日常任务；70. f
78、ree sb. to do sth.让某人解放出来去做某事；71. attend to 处理；注意；照料；72. lead to引起， 导致；造成;=result in=bring about=contribute to =give rise to 73. collaboration klbren n. 协作，合作（成果）Passage D【体裁】社会现象类说明文 【难度】 【主题语境】人与社会-社会热点问题-女大学生酗酒，患有焦虑症和临床抑郁症的问题。【主旨】文章介绍了女大学生酗酒，焦虑，抑郁背后的两个原因解决措施；【文章结构】如何解决美国护士短缺的严重问题呢?机器人护士成为最佳选择Para
79、1:先提出社会现象问题-女大学生酗酒，患有焦虑症和临床抑郁症的问题Para2-3：父亲在女学生的幸福中起着重要的作用，不管家庭收入如何，父亲优秀的女性都能获得多方面的福利；Para4: 受过大学教育的父母也最有可能宠坏他们的孩子；Para4: 过渡段：父亲比母亲更不可能成为过度保护的“直升机”父母，那么高校如何在“F”因素上提高成绩呢?Para6:大学在“F”因素上提高方面可以采取的措施；Para7: 采取以上措施的必要性和意义。【参考翻译】虽然现在女性获得的学位比男性多，但她们并不都很好。女大学生和男大学生一样有酗酒问题。他们更有可能患有焦虑症和临床抑郁症。经过46年的大学教学，我仍然给大学
80、一个“F”因子一个对女学生的幸福起主要作用的因子:父亲。正如我在过去30年的研究中记录的那样，与父亲有着牢固支持关系的女儿通常成绩更好，大学毕业率更高，并进入更多的STEM职业。这些女儿在情感上也更有弹性(恢复快的)和自信。此外，不管家庭收入如何，父亲优秀的女性都能获得这些福利。值得注意的是，来自富裕家庭的学生与父母的关系并不比来自不富裕家庭的学生好。然后，受过大学教育的父母也最有可能宠坏他们的孩子尤其是他们的女儿，让他们成为脆弱的“雪花”学生，他们在压力下太容易融化，太经常依赖父母或大学人员来解决他们的问题。几十年来，研究表明，父亲比母亲更不可能成为过度保护的“直升机”父母，他们疯狂地试图让
81、孩子的生活道路尽可能没有压力。那么高校如何在“F”因素上提高成绩呢？首先，课程需要更具包容性，对父亲的偏见更少。例如，社会科学教科书和学术期刊对母亲的关注远远多于对父亲的关注。一个更少性别歧视、更平衡的课程将有助于消除不利于牢固父女关系的神话。第二，学院可以使教职员工(全体教师)更清楚自己的女学生与父亲的关系如何影响自己的学习成绩和心理健康。第三，大学可以专门为父亲创造更多的活动，可以对父亲的要求更加敏感。以这些方式支持“父亲因素”可以给女学生的心理健康带来急需的提振。它还可以为教授和工作人员提供另一个宝贵的资源，帮助他们应对未来可能面临的挑战Vocabulary and chunks bon
82、us:74. undergraduate ndgrdut n.（未获学士学位的）大学生；75. anxiety disorders医焦虑症;v76. depression n. 抑郁(症)；消沉；萧条(期)；洼地；低气压 77. depressed adj. 情绪低落的，沮丧的；78. clinically depressed医焦虑症;79. factor n. 因素；80. well-being n.健康; 幸福; 保持良好状态;81. documented adj.备有证明文件的;82. obtain vt.获得，得到；83. regardless of不管；不顾;84. spoil v.
83、 弄糟；溺爱；85. fragile frdal adj.脆弱的; 易碎的; 精巧的; 虚弱的;86. personnel n.人员; 人事部门;87. overly adv. 过度地，极度地88. protective adj. 保护的，防护的；保护贸易的89. stress-free adj.无压力的; 无应力;90. curriculum n. krkjlm （学校等的）全部课程91. more inclusive and less prejudiced 多包容少偏见 preddst 92. sexist男性至上主义者; seksst 93. myths ms n.神话；94. acad
84、emic performance学业成绩，学术成就;95. mental health心理健康;96. sensitive to对敏感;97. boost n. 激励；提高；向上一推；v. 使增长，推动；增强，提高98. deal with=tackle with=handle=approach=address 处理，应付99. lie ahead在前面，即将发生;100. place great emphasis on .高度重视;七选五【体裁】说明文 【难度】 【主题语境】人与自我-生活与学习-健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度。 人与社会-体育与健康-寒冷的温度有强大的生物好处【主旨】我们认
85、为冬天是寒冷和流感季节，但是寒冷的温度有强大的生物好处，本文列举了五点好处；【文章结构】总分结构；【参考翻译】We think of winter as cold and flu season, but the cold temperatures have powerful biological upsides too. 我们认为冬天是寒冷和流感季节，但是寒冷的温度有强大的生物好处。Boosts your brain增强你的大脑Colder temperatures can help you think more clearly.Studies have found that people p
86、erform some cognitive (认知的) tasks like making decisions better when the temperature is cooler.Research has also shown that people are less willing to handle complex tasks in the summer than in the winter.更冷的温度可以帮助你想得更清楚。研究发现，人们执行一些认知(认知的)像在温度较低时更好地做决策这样的任务。研究还表明，人们在夏天比在冬天更不愿意处理复杂的任务。Burns calories燃烧
87、卡路里When its cold, your body works harder to keep your core temperature, which is typically about 98.6 degrees.Our bodies use a considerable amount of energy to keep us warm and to dampen the air we breathe when were out in the cold, explains Stacy Tucker, an expert from Kansas City.So fasten your bo
88、ots.A recent study showed that participants burned 34 percent more calories when they hiked in 14-to 23-degree temperatures than they did hiking on 50-degree days.当天气冷的时候，你的身体会更加努力地保持核心温度，通常是98.6度。堪萨斯城的专家史黛西塔克解释说:“我们的身体消耗大量的能量来保暖，并在寒冷的天气里抑制我们呼吸的空气。”所以系好你的靴子。最近的一项研究表明，当参与者在14到23度的温度下徒步旅行时，比在50度的温度下徒步
89、旅行时燃烧的热量多34%Activates healthy fat激活健康脂肪We know accumulating too much ordinary fat or white fat can endanger our health.But adults also have small amounts of beneficial brown fat that can quicken their metabolism (新陈代谢) and burn more calories.And cold temperatures can activate this useful fat.我们知道积累过
90、多的普通脂肪或“白色脂肪”会危及我们的健康。但是成年人也有少量有益的“棕色脂肪”，可以加速新陈代谢和燃烧更多卡路里。低温可以激活这种有用的脂肪。Encourages better sleep鼓励更好的睡眠Your bodys core temperature drops when youre trying to sleep.Exercising in the winter makes heart muscles stronger.This process can take up to two hours in the summer,but its much faster in winter,
91、says Tucker.Plus, with darker mornings, you naturally sleep later.当你试图睡觉时，你身体的核心温度会下降。塔克说，冬天锻炼可以增强心脏肌肉。这个过程在夏天可能需要两个小时，但在冬天会快得多。此外，在黑暗的早晨，你自然会睡得更晚。Fights infections对抗感染Yes, you might get more colds during the winter.However, studies have shown that the immune system can be activated by colder temper
92、atures, which improves our ability to fight infections, explains Tucker.That said, the flu virus becomes strong in cold, dry air, and time spent indoors increases your chance of infection.To reduce risk, get your annual flu shot, wash your hands frequently, and go outside.是的，冬天你可能会更容易感冒。然而，塔克解释说，研究表
93、明，较冷的温度可以激活免疫系统，从而提高我们抵抗感染的能力。也就是说，流感病毒在寒冷干燥的空气中会变得很强，呆在室内会增加你感染的机会。为了降低风险，每年打一次流感疫苗，勤洗手，出去走走。Vocabulary and chunks bouns:101. upsides n. 好处( upside的名词复数 )；上边；（糟糕局面的）好的一面；颠倒着102. complex adj. 复杂的；复合的103. considering prep. 鉴于，考虑到 conj. 考虑到104. considerate adj. 考虑周到的；体贴的considerable adj. 相当大/多的;consid
94、eration n. 仔细考虑；讨论；体贴；105. dampen v. 弄湿；减弱，抑制（热情、激动等）106. participant n. 参加者，参与者；与会代表；107. accumulate v. 积累，积聚；堆积108. beneficial adj. 有益的，有帮助的；benefit n. 益处；109. quicken vt.（使）变快; 增速; =fasten;110. core adj. 核心的，主要的；基本的；骨干的;111. immune adj. 免疫的；有免疫力的；不受影响的；免除的;112. Plus prep. 加; 外加; conj. 而且；113. inf
95、ect v. 传染；使感染(计算机病毒/情感)；影响; infection n. 传染，感染；infectious adj. 传染的；有传染性的；114. inject vt. （给）注射（药物等)115. activate vt.使运作; 使起作用; 激活;II.完形填空部分：【体裁】夹叙夹议文 【难度】 【主题语境】人与自我-做人与做事-公民义务与社会责任。人与自然-环境保护【主旨】作者从那些准备迁徙的火烈鸟先行者身上认识到少数人也可以产生大影响。最终会带领大多数人行动起来解决我们与环境被破坏的大问题。【文章结构】problem-solution-comment ；【参考翻译】当今我们所面
96、临的一些重大问题中，有些是由于过度使用以及滥用资源而造成的环境不断恶化。大煞风景的褐色云团，野生动物的火绝，无法饮用的水资源，古冰川的消失。这些问题似乎全都是那么严重。于是，我们一家人做了些力所能及的事。去杂货店购物，我们带着布袋，而不使用杂货店的纸袋或是塑料袋。我们尽可能购买有机食品。我们步行前往那些不是非得开车才能去的地方。 可我们这样做到底有没有效果?（我这样做真的能改变世界吗?）最近，我从火烈鸟的身上得到了一些启示。火烈鸟和其他很多候鸟的做法或许都是一样的。这些外形高雅的鸟儿会以上千甚至更多的数量聚集成群。每年到了迁徙的时候，总有少数火烈鸟率先飞离湖面，拉开迁徙的序幕。然而，其他的火烈
97、鸟好像并没注意到，于是这一小群火烈鸟又飞回到湖面上。可是第二天，这少数的先行者会继续进行尝试。这一次，更多的火烈鸟和它们一道奋飞，然而绝大多数的火烈鸟依然是毫不在意。所以，这些先驱者们又飞了回来，这样的尝试要持续好多天。每次都有更多的火烈鸟加入飞行的大军，可终因成千上万的火烈鸟依然没有注意，大迁徙的计划一再搁浅。但有一天，情况终于改变了。和以前一样，那些少数的火烈鸟再次扇动翅膀，有一小部分火烈鸟加入它们的行列。这一次飞起来的火烈鸟还是很少，但它们的数量已经足以起到作用。整群的火烈乌都飞了起来，大迁徙开始了。那是多么壮观的一幕啊数千只火烈鸟一道腾空而起。少数人的确能够改变世界。世界上所有重大的难
98、题都是因为少数人坚持不懈的努力而最终得到解决的。如果你信仰一种事业，不要放弃！总有一天别人会开始关注，携起手来，我们就能解决最大的问题。Vocabulary and chunks bonus:v be concerned with关心v destruction n. 破坏；毁灭v migrate magret vi. 迁移，移往；随季节而移居 migrant候鸟; migration迁移，移居;v struggle with与打架，与斗争; 在内心与（自己、自己的良心等）进行斗争;v pioneerpainin.开发者；先驱者；v take notice注意;v make a differen
99、ce有作用或影响;v extinction n. 灭绝，消亡v separation n.分离v trend n. 趋势，倾向；v responsible adj. 有责任的;responsibility责任，义务; 职责;v put off 推迟 cut off 切除; 切隔断; 剪切， 砍下; v carry out执行; 进行; work out 锻炼；计算出；解决;v tip the balance 打破平衡,扭转局势;v significant adj. 重要的；显著的；意味深长的 significance n. 重要性；含义v approach v. 接近，临近；对付，处理；接洽，
100、要求n. 方法，方式；接近，v adequate adj. 足够的；合格的；合乎需要的；v magnificent adj. 壮丽的；宏伟的；值得赞扬的v unrealistic adj. 不切实际的；不现实的；空想的；不实在的v tireless adj. 不疲倦的；孜孜不倦的;v give up放弃；投降;give in屈服; 投降; 让步;give away泄露; 失去; 赠送; give out分发; 公布; v identify vt. 识别，认出；确定；使参与；把看成一样vi. 确定；认同v address 解决，处理；(熟词生义）【答案详解】III. 语法填空部分【体裁】记叙文
101、【难度】 【主题语境】人与自我-做人与做事-公民义务与社会责任。人与社会-社会与文化-对社会有突出贡献的人物；【主旨】广西壮族自治区唐天元被视为幸运儿，因为他成功地建立了一个基于激情的企业。让中国四大陶器品种之一的宁西陶器得以传承发展。【双语对照】广西壮族自治区唐天元被视为幸运儿，因为他成功地建立了一个基于激情的企业。Tang, who majored in ceramics (制陶艺术) and decorative sculpture design at college, set up a workshop after his studies to make Ningxi pottery,
102、 which is considered one of the top four varieties of pottery in China.唐，主修制陶艺术和装饰雕塑设计，在大学期间，他在学习后成立了一个工作室，制作被认为是中国四大陶器品种之一的宁西陶器。Initially, the pottery business was hard, as he had to make pottery himself while also taking care of management and sales.But the past five years of efforts have earned h
103、im many more orders, compared to none at the very beginning.while also taking care of management and sales=while he is also taking care of management and sales.最初，制陶生意很艰难，因为他自己也要在制作陶器的时候还得兼顾管理和销售。但过去五年的努力为他赢得了更多的订单，与一开始的一无所有相比。Up to now,the 28-year-old has been engaged in making Ningxi pottery for f
104、ive years, and the most impressive thing for Tang is the happiness he has achieved。时至今日，28岁的他已经从事了五年的宁西陶器制作，给唐留下最深刻印象的是他所获得的快乐。He said that it was worthwhile starting a business based on his own interest that could support himself as well as gain public recognition.他说，基于自己的兴趣创办一家既能养活自己又能获得公众认可的企业是值得
105、的。Vocabulary and chunks bonus:v be viewed as =be regarded as=be considered as 被视为；v be based on .以.为根据；v decorative adj. 装饰的；作装饰用的；v major in 主修；专修；专攻；v vary variety varied；v initial adj. 开始的；initially adv.开始；最初;v initiative n. 主动性；主动精神；倡议；主动权；v be engaged in 从事于；v worthwhile adj. 有价值的；令人愉快的；值得花费时间/
106、金钱/精力的v recognition n. 认识，识别；承认；赞赏；v recognize vt. reknaz 认出; 识别; 承认;【考点解析】1.考点：succeed in doing sth.在（如某行业）中获得成功;=be successful in doing sth.=manage to do sth.; 2.考点：考查who引导的非限制性定语从句；修饰先行词Tang（sb.）；3.考点：考查名词单复数；one of+限定词（the/these/those/my/your.)+名词复数；4.考点：考查评注性副词置于句首，修饰全句。Initially nli adv.开始; 最初
107、;5.考点：非谓语:连词+分词（doing/done)做时间状语；该语法也叫做状语从句省略现象。6.考点：非谓语，过去分词短语作方式状语。compare .to .把比作; 相比;此处compare 和逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以用；7.考点：定冠词，人或事物第二次提到，表示特指，用定冠词the；8.考点：谓语动词时态，up to now 为本题题眼，它是现在完成时态的特征词。所以用has achieved；up to now 到目前为止；至今；迄今=so far = till now=until now；9.考点：考查代替it；It is worthwhile to do sth.=It i
108、s worthwhile doing sth.做某事是值得的；10.考点：考查词性转换；动词变为名词；public recognition公共认可;IV.改错试题部分：【考点解析】v When you arrive, there will be a party for you held by my classmates. 考点1：holding held 考查非谓语过去分词held做party后置定语；v You may attend English classes to feel a different learning style. 考点2：考查介词，to去掉；attend to处理; 注
109、意; 听取; 致力于;attend school上学, attend college上大学; attend the concert/wedding/funeral/the meeting etc.参加音乐会/婚礼/葬礼/会议等。考点3：考查修饰名词形容词；v After that, you can go to your host family where you can experience the Chinese way of life. You can have meals together chatting about anything that interests you.考点4：考查
110、固定短语；chat about sth.闲聊;考点5： that where 考查定语从句引导词；定语从句缺地点状语，先行词为host family 所以用where引导定从=in which；v The host family will also show you around some famous scenic spots. 短语：show sb. Around .带领某人参观某地；scenic spot风景区，名胜;考点6：us you代词指代（指鹿为马现象）；考点7：spot spots 名词单复数；v You can see people selling kites everywh
111、ere because our city is home to kites. There are many kinds of kites to choose from.v 短语：be home to .是的故乡;考点8：was is考查时态；此处用一般现在时态；v So isnt it a good idea to buy some for your friends? 考点9：the a 考查不定冠词和定冠词区别；v Write to me if you have any questions about the schedule.考点10：unless if考查从属连词if 和unless区别；
