1、命题规律1以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，主旨大意和词义猜测为辅。细节理解题较容易，其他题较难，但总体难易度较为适中，四篇文章中仅有一篇难度较大。2题材以广告旅游、社会文化、人物故事、科普知识、生态环保为主，内容贴近生活、贴近时代，充分体现了高考命题的思想性和育人功能。3文章信息量大，语篇含有多处结构复杂的长句，对考生的阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求很高。命题趋势1预计2021年高考阅读理解的难易度仍会保持稳定，选材会更新颖，语言更地道，词汇更丰富。2题型仍会以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义猜测题。A篇 (2020全国卷，A)The Lake District Attract
2、ions GuideDalemain Mansion & Historic GardensHistory，Culture & Landscape(景观)Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history，5 acres of celebrated and awardwinning gardens with parkland walk.Owned by the Hasell family since 1679，home to the International Marmalade Festival.Gifts and antiques，plant sales，mu
3、seums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.Open：29 Mar29 Oct，Sun to Thurs.Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop：10.3017.00(16.00 in Oct)House：111516.00(15.00 in Oct)Town：Pooley Bridge & PenrithAbbot Hall Art Gallery & MuseumThose viewing the quality of Abbot Halls temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they a
4、re in a city gallery.The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.Open：Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays.10.3017.00 Summer.10.3016.00 Winter.Town：KendalTullie House Museum & Art GalleryDiscover，explore
5、and enjoy awardwinning Tullie House，where historic collections，contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery.There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun，so theres something for everyone!Open：High Season 1 Apr31 Oct：Mon
6、to Sat 10.0017.00，Sun 110017.00.Low Season 1 Nov31 Mar：Mon to Sat 10.0016.30，Sun 12.0016.30.Town：CarlisleDove Cottage & The Wordsworth MuseumDiscover William Wordsworths inspirational home.Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage，walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection i
7、n the Museum.Visit the shop and relax in the caf.Exhibitions，events and family activities throughout the year.Open：Daily，09.3017.30(last admission 17.00)Town：Grasmere【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了几个湖区景点，包括其营业时间及地点等。1When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?A09.3017.30.
8、B10.3016.00.C111516.00. D12.0016.30.C考查细节理解。根据Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens部分的信息“House：111516.00(15.00 in Oct)”可知答案。故选C。2What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?AEnjoy Romneys works.BHave some interactive fun.CAttend a famous festival.DLearn the history of a family.A考查细节理解。根据Ab
9、bot Hall Art Gallery & Museum部分的信息“The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.”可知，游客可以在此处欣赏Romney的作品。故选A。3Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworths life?APenrith. BKendal.CCarli
10、sle. DGrasmere.D考查细节理解。根据Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum部分的信息“Town：Grasmere”可知，如果游客想了解Wordsworth的生活可以去Grasmere。故选D。B篇 (2020全国卷，B)Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.Theres a welcome familiaritybut also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has chan
11、ged you both，and thus the relationship.But books dont change，people do.And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.Its true，the older I get，the more I feel time has w
12、ings.But with reading，its all about the present.Its about the now and what one contributes to the now，because reading is a give and take between author and reader.Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually.The first，which I take to reading every spring，is Ernest Heming
13、ways A Moveable Feast.Published in 1964，its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm，her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔) about everything and nothing.The third book is Jul
14、io Cortzars Save Twilight：Selected Poems，because poetry.And because Cortzar.While I tend to buy a lot of books，these three were given to me as gifts，which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that，while money is indeed wonderful and necessary，rereading an authors work is the highe
15、st currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember，its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。重读一本你读过很多次的书，感觉就像和老朋友一起参加酒宴一样。重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的精神状态之上的，随着年龄的增长，你对书中内容的理解也逐步加深
16、。4Why does the author like rereading?AIt evaluates the writerreader relationship.BIts a window to a whole new world.CIts a substitute for drinking with a friend.DIt extends the understanding of oneself.D考查推理判断。根据第二段前两句可知，作者认为重读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系基于我们目前的精神状态，作者年龄越大，就越觉得时光如梭。由此可推知，重读以前读过的书能让你加深对阅读内容的理解。随着
17、年龄的增长，你可能阅历更丰富，你对书中内容的理解也逐步加深。因此答案为D。5What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?AIts a brief account of a trip.BIts about Hemingways life as a young man.CIts a record of a historic event.DIts about Hemingways friends in Paris.B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Published in 1964，its his classic memoir of 1920s Pa
18、ris.an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.” 可知，A Moveable Feast讲述年迈的海明威回忆青年时代在巴黎度过的日子，因此本题答案为B。6What does the underlined word “currency” in Paragraph 4 refer to?ADebt.BReward.CAllowance.DFace value.B考查词义猜测。根据最后一段的第二句可知，作者认为，虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的，但重读作家的著作是读者对该作家的最高奖励，因此画线词在此处指奖励。7What
19、 can we infer about the author from the text?AHe loves poetry. BHes an editor.CHes very ambitious.DHe teaches reading.A 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm，her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing.The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight：Selected Poems，becaus
20、e poetry.”可以推断作者喜爱诗歌。C篇 (2020全国卷，C)With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独)，more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet，for Nick Bright at least，leads straight to his motherinlaw: she lives on the ground floor，while he lives u
21、pstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a threestorey Victorian house in Bristolone of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.They share a front door and a washing machine，but Rita Whitehead has her own ki
22、tchen，bathroom，bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in：“We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his motherinlaw.”And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint，it all seems
23、 to work very well.Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him，but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325
24、，000 in 2001 to 419，000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home，if they ever left.It is said that about 20% of 2534yearolds live with their parents，compared with 16% in
25、1991The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 18 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.In India，particularly outside cities，young women are expected to move in with their husba
26、nds family when they get married.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着年轻人生活压力的增大以及老年人孤独感的增加，越来越多的英国家庭选择几世同堂，且这已成为一种趋势。8Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?ANick. BRita.CKathryn.DThe daughters.B考查细节理解。根据第三段“Four years ago they all moved into a threestorey Victorian house in Bristol.bu
27、t Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen，bathroom，bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，在布里斯托尔的维多利亚时代的房子里，Rita住在一楼，故选B。9What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his motherinlaw?APositive.BCarefree.CTolerant.DUnwilling.A考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very we
28、ll.Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would.”可以判断，Nick对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度，故选A。carefree无忧无虑的；tolerant宽容的；unwilling不情愿的。10What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?AFamily traditions.BFinancial reports.CPublished statistics.DPublic opinions.C考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“Official reports sugg
29、est that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2001 to 419，000 in 2013.”和第七段中的“It is said that about 20% of 2534yearolds.about 18 million.”可知，作者通过罗列数据来说明几世同堂家庭的情况，故C项“公布的数据”正确。11What is the text mainly about?ALifestyles in different countries.BConf
30、licts between generations.CA housing problem in Britain.DA rising trend of living in the UK.D考查主旨大意。根据全文中心句“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独)，more families are choosing to live together.”可知，本文主要介绍了近年来英国人选择几世同堂的趋势在上升，故选D。D篇 (2019全国卷，D)Bacteria are an
31、annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem？Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just an
32、y kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，Gordons students have been study
33、ing ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案)“We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，”says Florence Gold，a project manager.“There are no tests，”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades，ot
34、her thanAre you working towards your goal？Basically，its Ive got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an inperson review，and .its not a very nice thing at times.Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program
35、 has an impact(影响)on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I dont teach.”And that annoying bacteria？Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space
36、.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。这类语篇对于启发与培养学生良好的思维品质有积极的引导作用。12What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?AThey are hard to get rid of.BThey lead to air pollution.CThey appear in different forms.DThey damage the instruments.A考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The micro
37、organisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。13What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?ATo strengthen teacherstudent relationships.BT
38、o sharpen students communication skills.CTo allow students to experience zero gravity.DTo link space technology with school education.D考查细节理解。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。14What do the NASA engineers do for the
39、 students in the program?ACheck their product.BGuide project designs.CAdjust work schedules.DGrade their homework.A考查细节理解。根据第三段的最后两句“Engineers come and really do an inperson review.Its a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为A。15What is the best title for the text?ANASA：T
40、he Home of AstronautsBSpace：The Final Homework FrontierCNature：An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH：A College Admission ReformB考查标题归纳。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为B。题型一细节理解题细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占了相当大的比重，同时，也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。根据命题方式的不同，可分为事实认定题和数字计算题，而事实认定题考查多而广，可
41、划分为直接信息题和间接信息题。1 原词复现：选项中的某个词或短语与原文完全一致。2. 同义转换：采用改变句子结构或替换原文关键词的方法，表达与原文相同或相似的意义。3. 语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，设置为答案。4. 正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。1张冠李戴：选项所述内容弄错了事实和对象，把此人的事情或观点错加到彼人身上，或将此事物的特性错加到彼事物上。2.无中生有：所述内容或是凭空捏造，或是生活常识，或是普遍真理，但在文中找不到支持的依据。3.曲解文意：与原文的内容相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。4.颠倒是非：原文中本来有明确的依据，但是却设计成与之完全相反的选项
42、。5.正误参半：部分正确，部分错误。一、事实认定题之直接信息题直接信息题是对原文直接信息的考查，正确答案一般是原文或原文稍加改动而成，设问方式多以what, who, when, where, why, how等开头的特殊疑问句。解题技巧题干定位法1认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向。2运用略读或查读等阅读技巧迅速定位与问题相关的信息。3仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定正确选项。(2020全国卷，A)Train InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a val
43、id ticket before boarding.For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.Lost property(失物招领)Call Los
44、t Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7：30 am. to 5：00 pm. and is located(位于) at Roma Street station.Public holidaysOn public holidays，generally a Sunday timetable operates.On certain major event days
45、，i.e.Australia Day，Anzac Day，sporting and cultural days，special additional services may operate.Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable.Before travel please visit .au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from t
46、he car park or entrance to the station platforms.For assistance，please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.Guardian trains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6：42 pm.AltandiVarsity Lakes7：37 pm.7：29 pm.CentralVarsity Lakes8：52 pm.8：57 pm.Fortitude ValleyVarsity Lakes9：52 pm.11：02 pm.Roma StreetVarsi
47、ty Lakes12：22 am.21What would you do to get ticket information？A.Call 13 16 17.张冠李戴B.Visit translink .com.au.张冠李戴C.Ask at the local station.原词复现D.Check the train schedule.曲解文意解题指导考查细节理解题之直接信息题。定位关键信息源：第一段的第二句“For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”。据此可知，你可以到当地车站询问
48、(ask at your local station)，故选C项。22At which station can you find the lost property office？A.Altandi.张冠李戴B.Roma Street.原词复现C.Varsity Lakes.张冠李戴D.Fortitude Valley.张冠李戴解题指导考查细节理解题之直接信息题。定位关键信息源：第三段的第二句“ The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7：30 am. to 5：00 pm. and is located(位于) at Roma St
49、reet station.”。据此可知，失物招领处位于Roma Street station，故选B项。23Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes？A.6：42 pm.张冠李戴B.7：29 pm.原词复现C.8：57 pm.张冠李戴D.11：02 pm.张冠李戴解题指导考查细节理解题之直接信息题。定位关键信息源：表格中Central到Varsity Lakes的相关信息，从Central至Varsity Lakes需要乘坐晚上7：29的列车，故选B。二、事实认定题之间接信息题与直接信息题相比，间接信息
50、题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文的基础上进行改造。解题技巧断章取义法1阅读题干，有针对性地扫读原文，锁定相关词句等信息。2准确理解每个选项的意思，寻找与原文信息相关的同义词、近义词或反义词。3仔细比较选项和原文信息，选择正确或最佳答案。(2019全国卷，D节选)After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a
51、 calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.34What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys？A.They could perform basic addition.同义替换B.They could understand simple words.无中生有C.They could memorize numbers easily.颠倒是非D.They could hold their attention for long.无中生有解题指导考查细节理解题之间接信
52、息题。在原文中定位关键信息“indicating that they were performing a calculation”，然后对原文信息进行语义上的转换，即可得出正确答案。研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现，猴子多半时候会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值，故选A项。三、数字计算题细节理解题的题干中有时会涉及年代、年龄、数量、钱款等，但是这些数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。解题技巧查读分析法1明确题干要求，锁定原文相关信息。2对相关信息和数字进行分析和理解。3利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，进而确定答案。(2018全国卷，C节选)At pre
53、sent, the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Ameri
54、cas about 1，000; Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.30How many languages are spoken by le
55、ss than 6，000 people at present？A.About 6，800.张冠李戴B.About 3，400.语言简化C.About 2，400.张冠李戴D.About 1，200.无中生有解题指导考查细节理解题之数字计算题。锁定原文信息：“At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.”和“The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer peop
56、le than that.”通过分析可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言，而且目前世界上一半语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说，大约6 800种语言的一半其使用人数少于6 000，即大约3 400。题型二推理判断题推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析、挖掘、逻辑推理等，揭示出其深层含义。推理判断题可分为四个方面：隐含信息、言外之意；作者的观点、看法、情感态度；作者的写作意图/目的；文章出处、读者对象。1 有据推理：依据原文提供的已知信息，如事实、论点、例证等做出合乎逻辑或情理的判断，有效推导出未知的信息。2. 同义转换：采用改变句子结构或替换原文关键词的方法
57、，表达与原文相同或相似的意义。1 主观臆断：没有基于原文提供的信息进行推断，而是根据常识或经验进行推断。2. 过犹不及：选项所述内容或对原文内容进行过度推理、概括，或对事情发生的范围过分扩大或缩小，或对某现象绝对肯定或否定。3. 断章取义：孤立地提取原文中的一句或几句话的意思作为推理判断的依据而不是建立于对原文整体理解的基础上。4. 因果倒置：选项混淆了事物间的因果关系，或将某一结果产生的原因作为结果，或将结果作为原因。5. 答非所问：选取原文中出现的原话设置成选项，但原话却不能回答题干所提出的问题。一、推理判断题之隐含信息、言外之意通过归纳、演绎、类比等方式从已知信息中推出未知信息，由已言之
58、意，推未言之意。解题技巧逻辑分析得结论1抓住某一段中的关键信息进行逆向或正向推理。2整合全文(段)中与题目相关的信息进行推断。3以文中事实为依据，不能凭空想象。(2020新高考全国卷，D节选)The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “Ill have what shes having” effect.
59、However, well adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?15On what basis do we “adjust the influence” accor
60、ding to the last paragraph？A.How hungry we are.主观臆断B.How slim we want to be.断章取义C.How we perceive others.有据推理D.How we feel about the food.主观臆断解题指导考查推理判断题之隐含信息、言外之意。根据节选中的内容可知，一般情况下，如果同伴吃得多，我也会吃得多，这叫作“Ill have what shes having”效应。但是，我们会调整这种影响。如果一个超重的人吃得多，我会控制一些，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果；但是，如果一个瘦人吃得多，我也会那么做。如果他可
61、以在吃得多的同时保持苗条，我为什么不可以呢？据此我们可以推知，我们对自己饮食的调整是靠观察别人的行为来调整的，故选C项。二、推理判断题之观点、看法、情感态度通过对事件、景物、话语的深入分析推出作者含蓄、隐晦地表达出的观点或看法，体会作者在字里行间中流露出的情感态度。解题技巧依据措辞定态度1抓住文中的褒贬性词汇或语句，尤其是形容词和副词，可推断作者的情感态度。2依据文章最后的“结论”可推断作者是赞成还是反对。(2020全国卷，C)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows，while most li
62、kely contributing to fewer injuries.It does，however，have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes.The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50kilometer race walk，which is about five miles longer than the marathon.But the sports rules require that a race walkers kne
63、es stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times.Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity，however，says Jaclyn Norberg，an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem，Mass.Like
64、 running，race walking is physically demanding，she says.According to most calculations，race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour，which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking，although fewer than running，which would probably burn
65、about 1，000 or more calories per hour.However，race walking does not pound the body as much as running does，Dr.Norberg says.According to her research，runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step，while race walkers，who do not leave the ground，create only about 14 times
66、their body weight with each step.As a result，she says，some of the injuries associated with running，such as runners knee，are uncommon among race walkers.But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips，so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautiou
67、s in adopting the sport.In fact，anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique，she says.It takes some practice.31Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking？A.Skeptical.主观臆断B.Objective.有据推理C.Tolerant.主观臆断D.Co
68、nservative.主观臆断解题指导考查推理判断题之观点、看法、情感态度。通读文章可知，作者提到了竞走这项运动的好处，也指出它的危害，态度是客观的，故选B项。三、推理判断题之写作意图/目的任何人写文章都有意图或目的，高考阅读理解时常会就这一问题进行命题，主要考查考生对英语文本的整体感知或理解的能力，做此类题的关键是要了解文章的体裁和题材，把握住文章的主题思想。解题技巧文体特点看意图写作意图/目的通常有以下三种：1故事类：to entertain readers/to tell an experience。2广告类：to persuade readers/to sell a product o
69、r a service/to attract readers or visitors。3科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类：to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe。(2019天津卷，D节选)The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to avoid selfpity. We learn that however much w
70、e try to please, some people are never going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.54What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?A.A tough man can tolerate suffering.断章取义B.A wise man can live without selfpity.断章取义C.A man should try to satisfy people around him
71、.断章取义D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.有据推理解题指导考查推理判断题之写作意图/目的。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要知道不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等，由此可知作者在本段中主要是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活。故选D项。四、推理判断题之文章出处、读者对象通过对格式、结构、内容的分析，推出文章的出处、题材范围和阅读此文章的主要读者群。解题技巧内容细节巧判断1看文章出处(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称newspaper(2)推销介绍新产品advertisement(3)
72、文章中有click here等网络用语website(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍travel guide(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍magazine/journal/entertainment section(6)科普知识science section(7)文化教育性的文章education section2确定读者对象先确定文章主题，再根据具体细节和文中的措辞判断读者对象。(2019全国卷，C)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) te
73、chnologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private espaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the
74、cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples inden
75、tities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a stu
76、dy describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be p
77、retty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.31Where is this text most likely from？A.A diary.主观臆断B.A guidebook.主观臆断C.A novel.主观臆断D.A magazine.有据推理解题指导考查推理判断题之文章出处。根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers fro
78、m Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device.”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，lowcost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上，故选D项。题型三主旨大意题主旨大意题考查的是考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，是对文章内容的深层次理解。通常以确定文章标题、概括全文主题和段落大意等形式出现。1涵盖性强：覆盖全文或全段。2.范围恰当：既不太大，也不太小。3.精确性强：不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。1 以偏概全：选项内容原文中有提及，但只是细枝末节，不能代表全文的整体意思
79、，犯了以局部代替整体，用片面的观点看待整体问题的错误。2. 断章取义：孤立地取原文中的一句或几句话的意思，而不顾全篇文章的主旨或中心思想，引用与原意不符或歪曲了原文所表达意思。3. 主题扩大：选项所述内容或对原文内容进行过度归纳、概括，或对事情发生的范围过分扩大，超出了文章实际所表述的内容。4. 张冠李戴：选项所述内容弄错了事实和对象，把此人的事情或观点错加到彼人身上，或把此事物的特性错加到彼事物上。5. 无中生有：所述内容或是凭空捏造的信息，或是生活常识，或是普遍接受的真理，但都脱离了原文，在文中找不到支持的依据。6. 因果倒置：凡事有因才有果，有果必有因。选项混淆了事物间的因果关系，或将某
80、一结果产生的原因作为结果，或将结果作为原因。一、确定文章标题标题是文章的题目，它不是主题，但限定主题的范围，可表达主题，是对主题的提炼和浓缩，表现形式多为短语，尤其是名词短语。特别注意：一个好的标题通常具有三大特点：概括性、针对性和醒目性。解题技巧“高度概括”定标题1所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容，既不太大又不太小。2一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题，进而确定标题。(2020全国卷，D)I have a special place in my heart for libraries.
81、I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was w
82、orking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our ma
83、in source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ，using different voices，as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it ！It was a
84、special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.As a novelist, Ive found a new relationship with libraries.
85、I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should sup
86、port libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.35Which can be a suitable title for the text？A.Reading: A Source of Knowledge主题扩大B.My Idea about Writing无中生有C.Libr
87、ary: A Haven for the Young主观臆断D.My Love of the Library覆盖性强解题指导考查主旨大意题之确定文章标题。通读全文可知，作者从一开始的点题到最后的深化主题都是围绕自己对图书馆的热爱展开的。一开始自己爱去图书馆借书，然后在图书馆工作，带孩子们去图书馆读书，最后号召大家支持图书馆，这一点一滴都体现了作者对图书馆的热爱，故选D项。二、概括全文主题主题是文章的中心思想，是作者所要表达的中心意思，有的直接出现在文中，有的需要通过综合全文的内容概括归纳得出。解题技巧“主题句定位”寻主题1细读文章的首句、中间句和尾句，主题往往就在这些地方出现。2特别关注how
88、ever, but等表示转折的信息词，主题很可能就在这类词的后面出现。3表示结论性的信息词如so, thus, therefore等后面通常会出现主题句。4对记叙文要会根据所述事件进行归纳概括，领会其寓意，总结出文章的主题。(2020全国卷，B)Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.Psychologist Susan Levine，an exp
89、ert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income，educati
90、on and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who pl
91、ayed with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles
92、at one time.Higherincome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more a
93、ctive during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.27What is the text mainly about？A.A mathematical method.以偏概全B.A scientific study.覆盖性强C.A woman psychologist.断章取义D.A teaching program.断章取义解题指导考查主旨大意题之概括全文主题。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段“The findings w
94、ere published in the journal Developmental Science.”可知，该篇文章主要介绍的是一项科学研究，故选B项。三、概括段落大意段落大意是指段落的中心意思。文章常由多个段落组成，共同支撑全文主题，但每段又分述不同的意思，可通过归纳、演绎等方法概括得出。解题技巧依据“结构”觅主旨1如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句作总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句在段首。2如果按分总顺序组织，主题句在段尾。3如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间。4如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显地看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致
95、，正确答案就呼之欲出了。5如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，然后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明确的并列关系。6如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。(2020全国卷，D节选)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown
96、，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.32What is the first paragraph mainly about？A.A new study of different plants.主题扩大B.A big fall in crime
97、rates.以偏概全C.Employees from various workplaces.断章取义D.Benefits from green plants.覆盖性强解题指导考查主旨大意题之段落大意。本段中“greener areas of the city experienced less crime”和“employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants”证明了“Recent studies have found positive effec
98、ts”，故选D项。题型四词义猜测题一、猜测单词、短语和句子的含义根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，在完整的语篇中，单词、短语和句子的含义总是受特定的语境和上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所学的语言知识和逻辑知识确定它们的意义。解题技巧1利用针对性的解释，如定义、同位语、定语从句、重述等。2利用标点符号，如破折号、冒号、分号、引号后面的内容、括号中的内容或省略号等。3利用文中列举的例子或给出的同义词、反义词等。4根据内文逻辑关系，如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。5根据构词法，如前缀、后缀、复合词等。(2020全国卷，C节选)The fur trade kept nutria in
99、 check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the catsized animals multiplied like crazy.30What does the underlined word “collapsed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?ABoomed.BBecame mature.CRemained stable.DCrashed.解题指导考查词义猜测题之猜测单词的含义。根据划线词前的“The fur trade kept nutria i
100、n check for decades”可知，几十年来，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠的数量得到有效的控制；再根据划线词后的“the catsized animals multiplied like crazy”可知，这种猫大的动物疯狂地繁殖。由此可推知，20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场瘫痪了，此处collapsed的意思应是“崩溃的”，故选D项。(2020全国卷，B节选)Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organiz
101、ation, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2，000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants，” “The Hangover Part ” and “Zookeeper，” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them
102、havent been treated properly.26What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AListing completely.BDirecting professionally.CPromoting successfully.DWatching carefully.解题指导考查词义猜测题之猜测短语的含义。根据本段中的“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in fi
103、lmed entertainment”可知，这个非盈利组织的工作就是监督在电影拍摄中动物是被如何对待的，再结合划线词后面的内容可知，这个非盈利组织正在密切关注今年2 000多部电影的制作，发现多部影片的动物没有得到很好的对待。故keeping tabs on的意思是“密切关注”，即D项Watching carefully。(2018全国卷，D节选)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to ki
104、ds and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.32What do the words “more is more” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AThe more, the better.BEnough is enough.CMore money, more worries.DEarn more and spend more.解题指导考查词义猜测题之猜测句子的含义。根据
105、第一段第一句可知，成人能够理解物质过剩的感受，可是当涉及孩子时，我们却会认为(孩子)拥有的东西越多越好。再根据第三句“The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.”可知，作者不认同前面的more is more这种观点。故选A项。本句利用内文逻辑解题，画线部分与how to live more with less形成对比关系。二、猜测代词的指代代词通常指代上文(有时下文)已提到的内容。做此类题时要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义和位置等方面与之接近的名词
106、或句子，常考的指代词有it, they, that, these, those等。解题技巧1宏观把握：充分把握代词所在段落或前面(有时后面)段落的整体意义。2微观入手：抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系。(2020新高考全国卷，C节选)In the mid1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to
107、 the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpa
108、kstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24yearold who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his
109、hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.9What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ADeveloping a serious mental disease.BTaking a guided tour in Central Asia.CWorking as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.DWriting an article about the Aral Sea.解题指导考查词义猜测题之代词的指代。根据第一段的最后一句“A
110、few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.(几年后，她仍然被这个国家所吸引，回到乌兹别克斯坦来写一篇关于Aral Sea消失的文章)”以及第二段的第一句“His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. (然而，他的访问最终涉及的不止于此)”可知，此处that指的是“写一篇有关Aral Sea消失的
111、文章”这件事，故选D项。题材一广告旅游类考查要点方法技巧1广告中提及的时间、地点、人物。2广告所宣传的活动、项目的内容及其作用。3旅游的具体安排、注意事项。4相似旅游地的不同之处。1浏览标题，了解大意。2找准关键词、关键句，把握住细节。3通过分析、对比，筛选出可用信息。4通过整体阅读推断出文章的主旨。A篇 (2019绵阳市诊断性考试)Educational App StoreBusuuBusuu helps you learn English language and the lessons quality is guaranteed as it is based on CEFR langua
112、ge framework.Lessons range from beginners to advanced learners.Busuu is actually a great English app if you want to improve your spoken English by talking with native speakers.DuolingoDuolingo is one of the best English language apps today and highly recommended for English beginners.The system of t
113、he app helps you learn English quickly by spending twenty minutes a day.Duolingo structures your lessons that teach you about seven new words based on a topic and skill points being awarded for completing the lessons.MemriseMemrise uses some creative and easy ways to remember English words.The focus
114、 of this app is to help the users expand their vocabulary by learning English words in an effective way.Memrise also offers an offline mode to continue learning without Internet connection.Rosetta StoneRosetta Stone is designed differently from average language apps on the marketplace today.Its tryi
115、ng to teach us English the way wed learn it if we were children starting to learn the language.It has exercises designed to help you learn basic words.A variety of lessons are offered that Rosetta Stone has been using for years.【语篇解读】本文介绍了四款能够帮助学习英语的应用程序。1Which is most helpful for speaking?ABusuu.BD
116、uolingo.CMemrise.DRosetta Stone.A考查细节理解。根据Busuu部分中的“Busuu is actually a great English app if you want to improve your spoken English by talking with native speakers.”可知，如果你想通过和以英语为母语的人说话来提高英语口语的话，Busuu是一个很好的英语应用程序。故选A项。2What is unique about Memrise?AIt works online or offline.BIt serves English begi
117、nners.CIt promises quick progress.DIt helps develop vocabulary.A考查细节理解。根据Memrise部分中的“Memrise also offers an offline mode to continue learning without Internet connection.”可知，Memrise的特殊之处在于它不仅可以在线学习也可以提供离线模式以便于学习者在不联网时也能继续学习，故选A项。3What does the Educational App Store intend to do here?AInspire languag
118、e learners.BShow its high technology.CCompare ways of learning.DPromote its latest products.D考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文介绍了四种能够帮助学习英语的应用程序，强调了它们对于学习英语的好处，因此这个教育方面的应用商店是想推销自己的这些产品，故选D项。B篇 (2020山东省高中名校预测卷)Things to do in Cabo Corrientes，Jalisco，Mexico!Rhythms of the NightSunset Cruise(乘船游览)Duration：5hKick off th
119、e evening with a scenic cruise across Banderas Bay to Las Caletas.Las Caletas，once home to Hollywood movie director John Huston，offers frontrow sunset seats，and dinner tables just steps away from the water.The buffetstyle menu offers a wide variety of choices.Watch the lively performance of ancient
120、ceremonies and be lost in historical stories about Jalisco.You must be able to climb and go down stairs.Sayulita EscapeDuration：3hHop on a powerful UTV(untility task vehicle) to explore Sayulita，a nice beach town not far from Vallarta.Ride over muddy roads and a riverbed to reach the small community
121、 famous for its relaxed atmosphere.Soon after hitting the main road，your guide turns onto one of the dusty forest paths.When you are ready，a picnic lunch，an open bar，and a knowledgeable crew await your return to the ship.Wheelchair accessibility is available.Las Caletas Beach HideawayDuration：7hThe
122、use of kayaks(独木舟) and standup paddleboards is all available，as well as a scenic nature walk and admission to Kids Adventure Park for the young ones.You can even swim out to an offshore platform to practice your diving skills.Wheelchair accessibility is not available.Street Food and Taco Tour in Pue
123、to VallartaDuration：6h 30mEnjoy a feast of local flavors in our food and tacostasting tour.Discover Puerto Vallartas best flavours to the locals eye.Learn about the local culture and life，while you eat where the locals do with their beloved ones.Wheelchair accessibility is not available.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍
124、了墨西哥哈利斯科州的一些旅游项目。4What can tourists do on the tour Rhythms of the NightSunset Cruise?AEnjoy free dinners.BWatch the scenic sunrise.CLearn about the history of Jalisco.DCome across the movie director John Huston.C考查细节理解。根据Rhythms of the NightSunset Cruise(乘船游览)部分中的“Watch the lively performance of anc
125、ient ceremonies and be lost in historical stories about Jalisco”(观看生动的古代庆典表演，沉浸在关于哈利斯科州的历史故事中)可知，游客在该旅游项目中能够了解一些哈利斯科州的历史，故答案为C。5How does the tour Sayulita Escape differ from the other ones?AIt has adventurous routes.BIt offers various water events.CIt includes a licensed guide.DIt is more friendly t
126、o the disabled.D考查细节理解。通读全文可知，其他旅游项目要么要求“You must be able to climb and go down stairs”，要么表明“Wheelchair accessibility is not available”，只有Sayulita Escape项目表明“Wheelchair accessibility is available”。故答案为D。6Which tour suits families with kids?ASayulita Escape.BLas Caletas Beach Hideaway.CRhythms of the
127、NightSunset Cruise.DStreet Food and Taco Tour in Puerto Vallarta.B考查细节理解。根据Las Caletas Beach Hideaway部分中的“as well as a scenic nature walk and admission to Kids Adventure Park for the young ones”可知，Las Caletas Beach Hideaway项目适合带着孩子的家庭。故答案为B。C篇 (2019南昌市二模)From Antigua to Zanzibar，these spots promise
128、an incredible trip for 2019.Antigua，Guatemala“Antigua is worth every penny，but that doesnt mean youll have to empty your wallet，”says Hudson.There are plenty of budgetconscious activities.It wont cost you a coin to visit Santo Domingo del Cerro，an outdoor sculpture park.Wanting something sweet？Head
129、to ChocoMuseo.Admission is free and so are the samples!Odessa，UkraineOdessa is having a bit of a tourism boom nationwidenot that were surprised，given its sandy beaches and pastelcolored buildingsbut its still fairly under the order for international audiences.You can also count on this port city for
130、 affordable fun.Tickets to the Odessa Opera House start at a mere $ 2!Bogot，Colombia“Travelers on budget will find Colombias vast capital far more of a bargain and every bit was fascinating，”says Hudson.“Its free to visit Museo de Oro and on Sundays many of the big roads are closed to accommodate fo
131、od carts，street entertainers，and pedestrians.”ZanzibarZanzibar attracts vacationers with its white sand beaches，greenishblue tides，colorful coral reefs，and oceanfront seaside.Of course，wandering in historic Stone Town is pretty appealing，too.Either way，you neednt spend a penny in this amazing place.
132、Its also worth noting that Jozani Forest is the only place in the world you can see endangered red colobus monkeys.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了2019年值得一游的四个地方。7Which of the following requires admission fee?AChocoMuseo.BStone Town.CMuseo de Oro.DOdessa Opera House.D考查细节理解。根据第三段尾句可知，去敖德萨歌剧院的门票2美元起，故D项正确。8What
133、is special to Zanzibar?AWhite sand beaches.BColorful coral reefs.CRed colobus monkeys.DHistoric Stone Town.C考查细节理解。根据尾段尾句可知，在Zanzibar的Jozani森林可以看到濒临灭绝的红疣猴，故C项正确。9What do the four destinations have in common?AThey are coastal cities.BThey are inexpensive to visit.CThey welcome street entertainers.DTh
134、ey will make your wallet empty.B考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，参观Santo Domingo del Cerro不需要花费，ChocoMuseo是免门票的；根据第三段尾句可知，去敖德萨歌剧院的门票2美元起；根据第四段尾句可知，参观Museo de Oro是免费的。根据尾段第二、三句可知，在Stone Town旅游不需要花费；据此可知，这四个地点的共同点是所需旅游花费很少，故B项正确。1framework n. 架构；组织2focus n. 焦点3expand v. 扩展4available adj. 可找到的5local adj. 当地的；本地的n当地人；本地人
135、6promise v. 保证7admission n. 准入；入场费8boom n. 激增；繁荣9budget n. 预算10appealing adj. 有感染力的，吸引人的题材二社会文化类考查要点方法技巧1人们工作、学习、社交的方式及其影响。2社会生活中所遇到的各种机遇和挑战。3中西文化差异以及社会文化现象。特别是传承优秀传统文化。4文化教育的发展、特点和功能。5价值观、道德观、风俗习惯的形成。1抓住文章的内在逻辑关系，理清脉络，把握文章的结构。2定位关键信息词，运用归纳概括等方法得出文章的主题。3明确事情的前因后果，推知文章的寓意。4要有多元文化意识和国际视野，不能按照自己的传统思想来理
136、解其他地区的文化。A篇 (2019惠州市调研考试)China will give the green light to Internet medical services conducted by medical institutions as part of a broader push to promote Internet Plus Healthcare，which was decided at a State Council executive meeting held by Premier Li.Medical institutions will be allowed to prov
137、ide online diagnostic services for patients with common and chronic diseases in their followup visits to their doctors.The top levels of hospitals will be encouraged to provide online services，including consultations(会诊)，reservations and test result inquiries.As China joins the ranks of middleincome
138、 countries，the demand for health services has increased accordingly.Internet Plus Healthcare can help reduce the problem of inaccessible and expensive public health services that have long been a big concern for the general public.One decision coming out of the meeting says the intelligent review of
139、 health insurance will be applied and that the onestop settlement will be advanced.The realtime sharing of prescription and drug retail sales will be explored as well.“We must waste no time in pushing forward the measures once the decision is made，”Li said.“In recent years，toplevel hospitals in majo
140、r cities have seen steady increases in the number of patients.Medical bills have become a heavy burden on families and highend medical resources still fall short of meeting the growing demand of the public.”To solve the problem，a twopronged(双管齐下的) approach must be taken.One is to establish medical p
141、artnerships to strengthen cooperation between major hospitals and community clinics.The other is to bring forward Internet Plus Healthcare to promote to sharing of quality medical resources.The government will see to it that longdistance healthcare services cover all countylevel hospitals.So more ef
142、forts will be made to ensure that highspeed broadband network will be extended to cover medical institutions in urban and rural areas.Dedicated Internet access services will be set up to meet the needs for longdistance healthcare services.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了李克强总理在国务院常务会议上强调中国将大力推进“互联网”医疗服务的相关情况。1Acco
143、rding to the text，which of the following services wont a patient enjoy online?AReceiving a medical operation.BAsking doctors for advice after the test.CKnowing their situation about the disease.DMaking an appointment with a doctor in advance.A考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句可知，病人获得的在线服务包括会诊、预约和检查结果咨询，所以选项B、C、D都是这句话
144、所涉及的内容。故选A。2What makes the demand for health services increase in China?AThe expense of medical care.BThe recognition of health insurance.CThe improvement of peoples life quality.DThe inconvenience of hospital equipment.C考查推理判断。根据文章第三段第一句可推知，应选C。3What does Li mean by saying“We must waste no time in
145、pushing forward the measures”？AThe bills are impossible to afford.BThe situations need urgent improvement.CThe measures are perfectly worked out.DThe hospitals are unwilling to admit patients.B考查推理判断。根据第五段尾句可知，医疗费用已成为家庭的沉重负担，高端医疗资源仍无法满足公众日益增长的需求。故选B。4What can be the suitable title for the text?AMode
146、rn HospitalsBOnline Healthcare on Its WayCNo More Burden for General PeopleDWide Applications of Internet Medical ServicesB考查标题归纳。通读全文尤其是首尾段可知，本文讲述互联网医疗服务正在发展中。故选B。B篇 (2019安徽省六校教育研究会联考)I read a newspaper article about a new concept.The idea is simple，but revolutionary(革命性的)：combining a residential h
147、ome for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.The children and the residents(住户) eat lunch together and share activities such as music，painting and gardening.In the afternoons，the residents enjoy reading stories to the children and，if a child is feeling sad or tired，there is always
148、a kind lap to sit on and a hug.Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young.There are many reasons for this，including the breakdown of the extended family，working parents with no time to care for ageing relations，and smaller flats with no room for grandparents.But the result
149、 is the same：increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children.Its a major problem in many societies.Thats why intergenerational(代际的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world.There are examples of successful actions all over the world.U
150、sing young people to teach IT skills to older people is one obvious example.Using old people as volunteer assistants in schools is another.One successful scheme in London pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight.The young people help with practical things such as writing let
151、ters，reading bank statements and helping with shopping，and the older people can pass on their knowledge and experience to their young visitors.For example，a retired judge may be paired with a teenager who wants to study law.But it isnt only the individuals concerned who gain from intergenerational a
152、ctivities.The advantages to society are huge too.If older people can understand and accept the youth of today，there will be less conflict in a community.And we can use the strengths of one generation to help another.Then perhaps getting old wont be so sad after all.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。如今老年人和青少年之间的联系越来越少，
153、这是一个很严重的问题，因此以为老年人和青少年创造联系的桥梁代际计划越来越受欢迎。5Why does the author mention the newspaper article he read?ATo argue for a new concept.BTo show his interest in the topic.CTo introduce the topic of the text.DTo draw our attention to a social problem.C考查目的意图。该题问的是作者为什么提到他在报纸上读到的那篇文章。根据第一段第二句“The idea is simpl
154、e，but revolutionary(革命性的)：combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.”可知，作者在报纸上读到的那篇文章主张将养老院和幼儿园结合起来，将它们建在一起；再根据后面作者所讲述的内容可判断出，作者之所以提到那篇文章是为了引出要讲的话题。故正确答案为C。6What is the purpose of the intergenerational programs?ATo provide a good job opportunity for the
155、young.BTo bring the old and the young together.CTo teach the young to respect the old.DTo ask the old to care for the young.B考查推理判断。该题问的是代际计划的目的是什么。根据第二段最后两句“But the result is the same：increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children.Its a major pr
156、oblem in many societies.”和第三段第一句“Thats why intergenerational(代际的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world.”可知，目前没有祖父母照顾的孩子的数量以及没有机会和孩子联系的老人的数量都在增加，这是一个很大的问题，而代际计划就是为了解决这一问题的。由此可判断出，代际计划的目的是使老人和孩子生活在一起。故正确答案为B。7What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AThe reasons why intergenerational programs
157、 enjoy popularity in the world.BThe intergenerational programs benefits to individuals.CThe intergenerational programs all over the world.DThe examples of intergenerational activities.D考查段落大意。根据第三段内容可判断出，本段主要介绍的是一些代际活动的例子。故正确答案为D。8What may be the best title for the text?ABuilding bridges for the old
158、 and the youngBA new concept in caring for the old is bornCOffering a warm home for the youngDBeing old is no more sadA考查标题归纳。通过全文可知，本文主要讲述的是：如今老年人和青少年之间的联系越来越少，这是一个很严重的问题，因此为老年人和青少年创造联系的桥梁代际计划越来越受欢迎。A项体现了本文的核心，适合用作本文的标题。故正确答案为A。1promote v. 促进2inaccessible adj. 不能接近的，不能使用的3prescription n. 处方，药方4meas
159、ure n措施5ensure v. 保证，确保6extend v. 延长，延伸7concept n. 概念8pair v. 使成对，配对9conflict n. 冲突；矛盾10strength n. 优势；长处题材三人物故事类考查要点方法技巧1故事的背景、经过和结局。2人物的特征、主要经历和功绩。3情节、人物或事件之间的关系。4故事的前因和后果。5作者的意图和态度。1理清叙事的顺序，是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙。2把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。3理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结果。4感悟人物的情感和心理活动。5领会故事细节与主题的关系。A篇 (2020惠州市第一次调研)When I was a b
160、oy，our extended，immigrant family would sometimes gather at my aunts tiny house over the summer.Relatives from all over the country would come in to visit.The adults would crowd together into the living room to talk and catch up on each others lives.And the kids would be sent out to the front yard to
161、 play.Those were the days when there were no video games，smart phones，and motorized toys，so we often ended up playing an old game.I remember one of those moments especially.As I was the youngest and smallest of all the kids there，I got caught first and couldnt catch anyone else.My brothers and cousi
162、ns were all too fast for me，and I grew more and more frustrated.I finally fell and my face was covered with dirt.I got up with tears in my eyes.Then I saw one of my female cousins Susan standing there.She started to run but was going much slower than before.I easily caught up and seized her.Then she
163、 turned to me，smiled，and said，“Im ready！Youd better run！”I ran away laughing with glee while she turned and started to chase others.Now I see her act of kindness that day saved me from sadness and I returned to joy.It doesnt matter that we hardly ever see each other.I know we are family and she love
164、s me.In her wonderful book Box of Butterflies，Roma Downey writes，“We are all one，we all belong to each other，and we are one beautiful big family.”Perhaps it is time that we all started to treat each other that way.Perhaps it is time that we shared our love，our kindness，our laughter，and our joy with
165、everyone without fear.Perhaps it is time to finally and forever bring this world together in one big family.【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了童年时期和兄弟姐妹做游戏的经历，升华出通过爱与善良的分享而让全家人团结在一起的温馨主题。1When the adults were chatting，the kids would Aplay video gamesBsit in the front yardClearn to cook dinnerDplay traditional game
166、sD考查细节理解。根据第一段最后两句“The adults would crowd together into the living room.to the front yard to play”以及第二段开头的时代背景介绍“Those were the days.we often ended up playing an old game”可知，当大人们聊天时，孩子们在前院里玩传统的游戏。故选择D项。2The author was able to catch Susan because Athe others ran too fastBthe author was good at runnin
167、gCSusan gave her a chanceDSusan wanted to chase othersC考查推理判断。根据第二段对游戏过程的介绍，尤其是“She started to run but was going much slower than before.I easily caught up and seized her”可推知，Susan看到作者哭了，故意跑慢让作者能够抓住她，即Susan特意给作者创造了一个机会，故选择C项。3What can be inferred from the passage?AThe author is grateful for what Sus
168、an did to her.BThe author cant meet Susan any more.CThe author urges others to love their family.DThe author believes the world will become a big family.A考查推理判断。根据第三段内容可知，作者现在明白了玩游戏那天，是Susan的善举把自己从悲伤中拯救出来，又使自己重新回到快乐之中。由此推断，作者很感激Susan对自己所做的事情。故选择A项。4What does the author convey in the passage?AHis chi
169、ldhood memory is memorable.BSharing goodness and love unites us.CKindness brightens our life.DA good deed is invaluable.B考查主旨大意。文章最后一段是升华主题的议论部分，尤其是最后两句“Perhaps it is time that we shared our love，our kindness，our laughter，and our joy with everyone without fear.in one big family”，点明了文章中心：和每个人分享爱与善良，笑
170、声与快乐，从而让整个世界都团结在一起。“善意和爱的分享让我们团结在一起”与文章主旨一致，故选择B项。B篇 (2019唐山市质检)Judy Wright and her husband decided to move closer to their son，Chris，who lived in Georgia.About a month after the move，Judy fell ill，suffering from her ongoing battle against Parkinsons disease.Her condition worsened rapidly and she re
171、quired medical care at home.The family hired a nursing aid who canceled at the last minute.Instead，a woman named TunDe Hector showed up in her place.One day，TunDe shared a story with Judy and her family.She remembered a particularly difficult day in 2014，when a stranger had helped her with a kind ge
172、sture.She had run out of gas，and with only $5 in her pocket，was walking to a gas station，gas can in hand.A man saw her walking and turned his car around.He paid for her gas and gave her all the cash left in his wallet.Upon hearing the story，Judys son，Chris，took off his hat and said，“That was me！”He
173、was the stranger that had helped TunDe on that difficult day.During the care of Judy，the Wright family learned about TunDes family and her own dream.The nursing aid，TunDe hoped that one day she could become an OBGYN nurse.Her tuition was past due and she had a family to care for，but she was determin
174、ed to achieve that goal for herself and her family.Judy died on July 9，2017.Instead of flowers，her family asked mourners to donate to TunDes education，to assist her in paying for her nursing school.In less than a week，they raised more than $8，000 and presented her with the surprise check.【语篇解读】本文是一篇
175、记叙文。讲述了一个善有善报的故事。5Why did Judys family choose TunDe in the end?ATo help her with a kind gesture.BTo replace another nursing aid.CTo look after Judy in the hospital.DTo give Judy the best medical care.B考查细节理解。根据题干定位答案在第二段。根据本段的内容可知，Judy病情急剧恶化，所以需要请家庭护工，但是原本说好的护工在最后一刻反悔了，这时TunDe出现代替了原本的护工，故答案为B。6How m
176、ight Chris feel when hearing TunDes story?AShocked.BThrilled.CPuzzled.DDelighted.A考查推理判断。根据题干定位答案在第三段。根据本段中That was me后的感叹号，再结合文意可知，TunDe分享了自己之前被一个陌生人帮助的故事，Chris意识到这个陌生人碰巧是自己，由此可推断Chris非常震惊，故选A。7How did the Wright family help TunDe after Judys death?AThey paid for her education.BThey helped care for
177、 her family.CThey helped her realize her dream.DThey bought her a surprise present.C考查推理判断。根据题干中的after Judys death定位答案在最后一段。Judy的家人请求吊唁者不要送花，而是捐款给TunDe，以帮助她上护理学校；再根据第四段可知，当妇产科护士是TunDe的梦想，因此Wright一家为她筹款帮助她实现自己的梦想，故答案为C。8What does the whole story mainly tell us?AKindness comes full circle.BActions spe
178、ak louder than words.CThe truth never fears investigation.DConstant dropping wears the stone.A考查主旨大意。根据全文大意可知，TunDe帮助照顾Chris生病的母亲，Chris的母亲去世后，他们一家又帮助TunDe实现梦想，由此可知本文主要讲：你帮助了别人，别人也会帮助你，善有善报。故选A。1immigrant n移民2relative n亲属；亲戚3crowd v聚集，群集4frustrated adj.失望的，沮丧的5chase v追逐6ongoing adj.进行中的7cancel v取消8ge
179、sture n手势，姿势9donate v捐赠，捐献10present v赠送题材四科普知识类考查要点方法技巧1科学现象、概念、定义、类别等。2事物的性质、特点、原理、用途等。3事物或现象产生的原因、过程、演变。4相似事物间的异同。1理清说明顺序：时间、空间、逻辑顺序。2把握文章结构：并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式。3认清说明方法：下定义、举事例、作比较、打比方等。A篇 (2019昆明市诊断测试)Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors.It may help them better
180、 understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.Rishi Rawat，who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles，is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver
181、.Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer.He says，“You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition thats important for making decisions.”David Agus is another researcher.He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctor
182、s.“Computers will not treat patients，but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain cant recognize by itself.”Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed，doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning.The form of treatment depends
183、on the kind of cancer.Nowadays，researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织)，put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better.That process could take days or even longer.Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells.Through machine learning，
184、it can recognize complex patterns or structures，and learn how the cells are organized.The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes.Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a l
185、arge amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer.But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.【语篇解读】人工智能有望在诊断和治疗癌症方面帮助医生
186、。1What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?ARecognize cancer patterns.BTreat liver cancer.CCollect useful information.DStore cancerous cells.A考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句可知，人工智能根据对其输入的数据来了解该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。2What can we learn about AI?AIt will be able to replace doctors.BPatients
187、 are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.CIt is making a difference in taking care of patients.DIt can recognize cancer more accurately.D考查推理判断。根据第四段最后一句可知，人工智能可以识别一些复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。3Whats the authors attitude towards the future of AI?AOptimistic.BDoubtful.CCuriou
188、s.DCold.A考查观点态度。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将很快能够识别癌症，并且将应用到诊治各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。4What is the best title for the text?AAI Is Used to Treat CancersBAI May Compete with DoctorsCAI May Make Doctors BetterDAI Is Better at Curing CancersC考查标题归纳。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能作为一种工具可以帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。B篇 (2019合肥市质检)We c
189、an have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain.But communicating with a submarine(潜艇) or a diver is not so easy.The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater airborne(空气传播的) devices has long b
190、een a frustration for scientists.The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water.Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.Now，researchers at MIT have developed a method with the poten
191、tial to revolutionize underwater communication.“What weve shown is that its actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，”says Fadel Adib，a professor at MITs Media Lab，who led the research.The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to t
192、he surface，making vibrations(震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data.A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations.The researchers call the system TARF.It has any number of potential realworld uses，Adib says.It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signal
193、s from sonar devices in a planes black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.Right now the technology is lowresolution.The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet.The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF
194、is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditionshigh waves，storms，schools of fish.They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other directionair to water.If the technology proves successful in realworld conditions，expect“texting while diving” to be the latest und
195、erwater fashion.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。5What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?AThe future of video chat underwater and in air.BThe frustrations of developing underwater devices.CThe difficulty of communication from water to air.DThe current situation of c
196、ommunicating with a submarine.C考查段落大意。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面的人进行通信非常困难，因此C项正确。6What does the underlined word“feasible”mean?AAchievable.BConvenient.CChangeable.DAlternative.A考查词义猜测。根据第二段第一句可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故画线词与A项“可实现的”意思最相近，故选A。7What do we know about TARF?AIt is wi
197、dely used to find downed planes.BIt can work well at great depths underwater.CIt is an underwater machine that sends signals.DIt can send，receive and read signals from underwater.D考查推理判断。文章第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机器向水面发送声呐信号，使震动与数据的1和0对应，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以从水下与地面上的人进行通信。因此D项正确。8What i
198、s the best title for the text?AThe Realworld Uses of Sonar TechnologyBFull Watertoair Communication Closer to RealityCA Breakthrough in the Application of Video ChatDTARF Becoming a New Means of CommunicationB考查标题归纳。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种解决了从水下与地面上的人无法进行通信联系这个难题的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合作本文标题
199、。1artificial adj. 人工的2cancerous adj. 癌症的3confirm v. 证实，确认4complex adj. 复杂的5identification n. 鉴别6reflect v. 反射7potential n. 潜力，潜能8correspond v. 相符，类似于9initial adj. 最初的10maximum adj. 最大的，最高的题材五生态环保类考查要点方法技巧1当今社会的环境问题，诸如大气污染、温室效应、土地沙漠化、水资源缺乏等。2人类活动对环境造成的不良影响。3人类对环境保护的意识。4人类在环境保护中采取的措施。1要理清人与自然的关系，并据此展开
200、推理判断。2根据关键词语，尤其是一些形容词或副词推断作者的观点、情感倾向。3利用社会背景知识，认识和领会字里行间的意义，从而确定文章的主旨。A篇 (2019厦门市第一中学模拟)When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders，Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier.But the glacier was go
201、ne，melted by the warming climate.Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasnt there anymore.Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change.And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson，a fulltime lecturer at the University of Washington Both
202、ell，US，an idea for a class.This term，she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental study.She used the experiences of Native American tribes，scientists and activists，and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fixthat“this is such an in
203、tractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者)Then he did his own reading and research，and changed his mind.Dillon wasnt going into environmental workhe was a computerscience major.Yet，the potentia
204、l for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a fulltime volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration projects.Six months into the work，he decided that Alkinsons class was just what he was looking fora place where
205、he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.Atkinson said she hopes the class could help her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.“We are already changing the planetso many species are going to be lost，displaced or massivel
206、y impacted，”she said.“The future isnt going to be what they imagined.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Jennifer Wren Atkinson给同学们上环境研究的情感负担课，意在通过这类课程告诉学生气候变化日益严峻，没人能够独善其身，因此要更加关注环境问题。1Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?ATo lay a basis for Fawn Sharps further research.BTo prove Fawn Sharps work
207、is similar to Atkinsons.CTo lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.DTo show scientists concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.C考查推理判断。根据第一段内容可知，Fawn Sharp被邀请乘坐直升机飞越奥林匹克山脉，调查Mount Anderson冰川。但是因气候变暖，冰川融化消失了，当Fawn Sharp发现冰川已经不在那里时，她有一种深深的失落感。由此可推知，作者通过Fawn Sharp发现冰山消失以及她的感受来引入“气候变化导致的环
208、境损失的问题”的主题。故选C。2Whats the main purpose of Atkinsons class?ATo explore how different people deal with climate change.BTo get students more concerned about environmental issue.CTo find solutions to the Olympic Mountains environmental issue.DTo teach students how to conduct a research about environment
209、.B考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Atkinson said she hopes the class could help her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.”可知，Atkinson的课的主要目的是让学生更加关注环境问题。故选B。3Which of the following best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?ASimple. BDifficu
210、lt.CComplicated.DInteresting.B考查词义猜测。根据本句中“and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix”可知，Atkinson让她的24名学生面对这样一个现实：没有简单的解决办法；再根据破折号可知，此处表示这是一个如此棘手的问题，他们将在余生中处理它。由此可推知，intractable意为“困难的”，与difficult意义相近。故选B。4How did Atkinsons class influence Dillon?ADillon worked as a partt
211、ime volunteer for restoration projects.BIt made him realize a planetwide climate disaster would happen.CIt encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.DIt discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.C考查推理判断。根据第六段“Six months into the work，he decided that Alk
212、insons class was just what he was looking fora place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.”可知，工作六个月后，他认为Alkinson的课正是他想要的一个他可以讨论他对不断变化的气候的担忧的地方。由此可推知，Alkinson的课鼓励了Dillon更多地参与环境保护。故选C。B篇 (2019南昌市第一次模拟)Fashion is a horrible thing.One day you are cool wearing your flaredout jeans
213、 and the next one youre an idiot.You have nothing else to do，but put your favourite jeans in the shelf of outdated shame.However，now scientists from the University of New South Wales say that your old，wornout clothes could be turned into building materialssolid panels(嵌板) for floors or walls.Old，unw
214、anted clothes are actually a huge burden on the environment.They usually end up in a landfill，where they rot away without any use for us，at the same time polluting the environment.Cheap throwaway clothes produce 10 million tonnes of landfill in the US alone each year.However，shredding(撕裂) them we co
215、uld create new materials.Scientists firstly removed zippers，buttons and other hard pieces，then shredded this old mess of clothing and then added some chemicals to bond these fibers together.The last step was heating and pressing this material to form solid panels.They are strong，waterresistant and n
216、ot easy to catch fire.Their quality can be further tuned by adding some other materials，such as sawdust，old foam，paper and so on.Different mixtures result in different textures(质地) and colors，some resembling wood，ceramic or stone.These panels are strong enough to be used on the floor，but their decor
217、ative qualities allow them to be used on walls as well. However, scientists still have challenges to overcome before it becomes commercially available.The challenge is consistencyyou want your walls to be consistent in colour, which is difficult to achieve when the material is so diverse.Actually，sh
218、redded material could also be used as a heat insulator for walls of the buildings，and it could become filling material for toys or some furniture as well.However，turning old clothing into construction materials could become a business，which would drive this recycling process into a new level.【语篇解读】本
219、文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们是如何将旧衣服变成建筑材料的。5What do we know about old clothes from Paragraph 1?AThey are cool to wear again.BThey cost a lot to be recycled.CThey will be fashionable in time.DThey can be construction materials.D考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“However，now scientists from the University of New South Wales say
220、 that your old，wornout clothes could be turned into building materialssolid panels(嵌板) for floors or walls.”可知，旧衣服可能会变成建筑材料。故选D。6Why should some chemicals be added in making panels?ATo strengthen the fibers.BTo make panels waterresistant.CTo combine the shredded fabrics.DTo form different texture an
221、d colors.C考查细节理解。根据第二段第五句“Scientists firstly removed zippers，buttons and other hard pieces，then shredded this old mess of clothing and then added some chemicals to bond these fibers together.”可知，做嵌板时加入化学物质是为了黏合被粉碎的纤维。故选C。7Whats the problem of solid panels made from clothes?AThey can hardly be decora
222、ted on walls.BIt is hard to produce them in the same color.CIt is difficult for them to achieve different colors.DThey are not easy to be promoted commercially.B考查推理判断。根据第三段第三句“The challenge is consistencyyou want your walls to be consistent in colour，which is difficult to achieve when the material
223、is so diverse.”可推知，用旧衣服制成的嵌板难以用同样的颜色生产。故选B。8What may drive people to improve the recycling of old clothing?AIts outdated recycling process.BIts potential commercial value.CThe curiosity to find more usage.DThe urge to protect the environment.B考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句“However，turning old clothing into constr
224、uction materials could become a business，which would drive this recycling process into a new level.”可推知，潜在的商业价值会驱使人们提高旧衣服的循环使用。故选B。1issue n重要议题；问题2burden n负担3catastrophe n(突然的)大灾祸4species n物种；种5displace v取代，替代6landfill n废弃物填埋场7mess n凌乱8resemble v像，类似于9consistent adj.一致的10diverse adj.不同的；相异的A篇 (2020长
225、郡中学适应性考试)BestSelling Cookbooks of 2019The Instant Pot Pressure Cooker CookbookHave you joined the Instant Pot revolution？If youre one of the millions falling in love with pressure cooking，this cookbook by Laurel Randolph is for you.It serves up easy recipes for healthy and fast meals.Ideal for begin
226、ners，the 100 recipes include prep time labels(标记) and easytofollow instructions.The Bread and Salt Between UsMayada Anjari and her family fled Syrias civil war and ended up in Jersey City.Then，she cooked for a church.Now，five years after leaving her country，she has a cookbook，the money from which wi
227、ll help her family and other poor people.The recipes are accessible and accompanied with explanations of Syrian cuisine.Coconuts and CollardsVon Diaz，who moved to Atlanta from Puerto Rico as a child and back to Puerto Rico as an adult，wrote a book that is part biography，part cooking instructor and f
228、ully wonderfulespecially now，when we could all stand to learn a little more of Puerto Rico.The 30Day Guide to Health and Food FreedomBuilt on the idea that eating a clean and healthy diet for 30 days can transform your dining patterns，Whole 30 is the diet very popular today.Melissa Hartwigs program
229、is clearly described within the pages of The 30Day Guide to Health and Food Freedom.The book also contains recipes，detailed guidelines and a stepbystep plan.Plus，color photos will encourage you to try each and every recipe.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了2019年几本烹饪方面的畅销书。1In what way is Randolphs book different f
230、rom others?AColor pictures in it are appealing.BMoney from it will all go to the poor.CIt offers kidfriendly recipes for meals.DIt teaches beginners to cook fast meals.D考查细节理解。根据第一部分所提及的高压锅、“fast meals”及“Ideal for beginners”等可知，这部书的特别之处在于它提供简单的食谱，能教初学者做快餐。2What do we know about Von Diaz?AHe settles
231、in Atlanta now.BHe included his stories in his book.CHe is a parttime cooking instructor.DHe contributed regularly to magazines.B考查细节理解。由第三部分中的“a book that is part biography”可知，他在书中写入了自己的一些经历。3Which book might help us form healthy eating habits in a month?ACoconuts and Collards.BThe Bread and Salt B
232、etween Us.CThe Instant Pot Pressure Cooker Cookbook.DThe 30Day Guide to Health and Food Freedom.D考查细节理解。根据最后一部分中的“Built on the idea that eating a clean and healthy diet for 30 days can transform your dining patterns.”可知，阅读该书可能会帮助我们在一个月内养成健康的饮食习惯。B篇 (2020东莞市模拟)We didnt expect to see her again so soon
233、.After a tearless farewell with my daughter，we left her new dorm room but then in the campus we saw her jogging against the August heat.I quickly rolled down the car window and Sarina didnt miss a step as she turned，nodded at us and waved goodbye.I was in disbelief why the tears hadnt come when we p
234、arted on her first day in university.Our first separation，the day she left my body，was a nightmare of pain and suffering.While all births are amazing，not all women feel amazed about the births.However，our togetherness in the days and months that followed was so sweet that I felt her small body still
235、 seemed to be attached to mine.In the years to come，the sound of her feet running across the wooden floors of our house was like the gentle pounding that reminded me my little girl was here and that someday she would run to the paths I couldnt follow.Last year Sarina turned 16 and decided to pursue
236、art in college.She was in excitement about college life with so much to expect but I was uneasy because it would be a long plane ride away from home.I tried to imagine what separation would be like，but I couldnt.Separation，although on the horizon，still felt distant.Thats why it wasnt until the next
237、morning when I awoke in a house absent of her footsteps that the tears finally cameand wouldnt stop.I understood that Sarina had left the house，and I held onto the memory of her running.When the tears stopped，I was relieved that her body knew what it needed on separation day，and that with our love a
238、nd support，she had the courage to run into an unfamiliar distance，to glance back，yet to keep moving forward.【语篇解读】本文是一篇带有抒情色彩的记叙文。作者从女儿上大学第一天时的分离场景下笔，回忆了往日母女相处的情景，展示了对女儿的牵挂和不舍，希望女儿能带着家人的爱和支持，继续勇敢向前奔跑下去。4What happened to the author on her daughters first day in college?AShe burst into tears and had a
239、 painful farewell.BShe appeared calm and didnt cry at their departure.CShe asked her daughter to show them around the campus.DShe was cross that her daughter went jogging when they departed.B考查细节理解。第一段“tearless farewell”，“I was in disbelief why the tears hadnt come”等词句，与B选项的“She appeared calm and di
240、dnt cry at their departure”相对应，因此选B。5What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?ATo expect her daughters bright future.BTo remind herself of her daughters pounding steps.CTo recall the suffering during her daughters growth.DTo show the strong attachment between mother and daughter.D考查推理判断。第二段里对作者与女儿日常生活的细节描
241、写和“. was so sweet.be attached to mine”等情感表达，展示了她对女儿深切的爱以及母女间亲密的关系，因此选D。6Which of the following best describes the author when separation was approaching?AExcited.BWorried.CRelieved.DFrustrated.B考查推理判断。女儿即将上大学，分离在即，作为母亲，自然感到心神不安、担忧。原文的“uneasy”与B选项的worried相照应，因此选B。7What can be the most suitable title
242、for the passage?AA heartbroken separationBThe story of a successful momCHow to deal with homesicknessDMoving forward with love and supportD考查标题归纳。上大学和家人的分离时刻，女儿没有伤心哭泣，而是带着家人的爱和支持，自信勇敢地开始人生新阶段，去探索新的世界，因此选D。C篇 (2020合肥市调研性检测)In a major medical breakthrough，Tel Aviv University researchers have“printed”t
243、he worlds first 3D vascularized(血管化的) engineered heart using a patients own cells and biological materials.Their findings were published on April 15 in a study in Advanced Science.“This is the first time that anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart，”says Prof.Tal Dvir
244、 of Department of Materials Science and Engineering，who led the research for the study.“This heart is made from human cells and patientspecific biological materials.In our process，these materials serve as the bioinks，something made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of complex t
245、issue models，”Prof.Tal Dvir says.“People managed to 3Dprint the structure of a heart in the past，but not with cells or with blood vessels.Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach to engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future.”According to Prof.Tal Dvir，the use o
246、f“native”patientspecific materials is important to successfully engineering tissues and organs.The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab and“teaching them to behave”like hearts，Prof.Tal Dvir says.They then plan to transplant the 3Dprinted heart into animal models.“W
247、e need to develop the printed heart further，”he concludes.“The cells need to form a pumping ability；they can currently contract(收缩)，but we need them to work together.Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our methods efficacy(功效) and usefulness.Maybe，in ten years，there will be organ printers in
248、the finest hospitals around the world，and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”【语篇解读】特拉维夫大学的研究人员使用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的心脏，这是一项重大的医学突破。8What does Prof.Tal Dvir think of an early 3Dprinted heart?AIt was highly practical. BIt was too expensive.CIt was personalized.DIt was too simple.D考查
249、推理判断。根据第二段中Tal Dvir教授所说的话“People managed to 3Dprint the structure of a heart in the past，but not with cells or with blood vessels”可知，在过去，人们设法3D打印出了心脏的结构，但没有细胞或血管。据此可推知，Tal Dvir教授认为过去3D打印的心脏很简单，故D项正确。9What do we know about the latest 3Dprinted heart?AIt can be cultured in the lab.BIt can match a pati
250、ent perfectly.CIt has been transplanted into animals.DIt has been widely used in hospitals.A考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab and teaching them to behave like hearts”可知，研究人员目前正计划在实验室中培养这些打印出来的心脏，并“教它们像心脏一样运动”。据此可知，最新的3D打印心脏可以在实验室中培养，故A项正确。10Wh
251、at is Prof.Tal Dvirs attitude to the development of the printed heart?AAmbiguous. BPositive.CDisapproving.DCautious.B考查观点态度。根据最后一段中Tal Dvir教授所说的话“Maybe，in ten years，there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world，and these procedures will be conducted routinely”可知，可能在十年后，世界上一些最
252、好的医院将会有器官打印机。据此可推知，Tal Dvir教授对打印心脏的发展持乐观的态度，故B项正确。11What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo explain the basic principle of 3D technology.BTo introduce a breakthrough in medical research.CTo doubt the medical value of a new invention.DTo prove the effectiveness of the new technology.B考查写作
253、意图。根据文章第一段第一句并结合文章其他内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项医学突破：特拉维夫大学的研究人员利用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的心脏。故B项正确。D篇 (2020广东六校联考)The joy of absenceHow some companies fight the curse(祸害) of presenteeism(出勤主义)？Ronald Reagan famously joked that“its true hard work never killed anybody，but I figure，why take the chance？”Beyond a
254、certain level，extra effort seems to be selfdefeating.Studies suggest that，after around 50 hours a week，employee productivity declines sharply.But that doesnt stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods.Jack Ma，the founder of Alibaba，a Chinese ecommerce
255、group，recently praised the 996 model，where employees work from 9 am. to 9 pm.，six days a week，as a“great opportunity”Yet presenteeism is the curse of the modern office worker.There will be days when you do not have much to do，perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department
256、，or a different company，to respond to a request.As the clock ticks past 5 pm., there may be no point in staying at your desk.But you can see your bosses hard at work and，more importantly，they can see you.So you make an effort to look busy.The consequence is often wasted effort.Rather than work hard，
257、you slave to make bosses think that you do.But presenteeism has more serious consequences.As well as reduced productivity，this can mean greater medical expenses for the employer.According to a study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine，these costs can be six times higher for emplo
258、yers than the costs of absenteeism among workers.None of the above is to say that employers are not asked to expect workers to be in the office for a proper period of time.Surely there will be a need for some(preferably short) meetings.Dealing with colleagues facetoface creates a feeling of together
259、ness，allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their mutual needs.Turning an office into a prison，with inmates(囚犯) allowed home for the evenings，does nothing for creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated.To be
260、productive you need presence of mind，not just being present in the flesh.【语篇解读】本文是议论文，论述了出勤主义的负面影响工作效率低下，创造力缺失等。12Why does the author mention Ronald Reagans joke in Paragraph 1?ATo show that hard work is harmless. BTo introduce the topic of the passage.CTo praise Ronald Reagans joking skills.DTo enc
261、ourage people to grasp the chance to work hard.B考查推理判断。通读全文可知，文章论述的是出勤主义的负面影响。从结构上看，作者在第一段引用里根说过的一句著名的俏皮话点题。下文紧接着论述员工超负荷工作所产生的各种负面影响。由此可推知，作者在第一段提到里根的话是为了引出文章主题，故选择B项。13What is the meaning of the underlined sentence?AWe should say no to extra effort. BExtra effort isnt necessarily helpful.CWith extr
262、a effort，we can defeat anybody.DExtra effort causes problems or difficulties.B考查主旨大意。根据第一段中里根的话可知，没有必要冒险加班工作。画线句后表明，一周工作大约50个小时后，工作人员的生产力会急剧下降。由此可知，画线句表示，超过一定水平后，额外的努力会适得其反。“额外的努力不一定会有所帮助”与文章意思相符，故选择B项。14According to the passage，which of the following situation is helpful to the company?AYou attend
263、the office even when you suffer lower back pain.BYour team has a tenminute meeting after work for an urgent problem.CYou dont go home until 7：30 pm.because your boss is in his office and he can see you.DThe manager tours the engineering department at 7：30 pm.to check people are at their desks.B考查细节理
264、解。根据倒数第二段中的“Surely there will be a need for some(preferably short) meetings”可知，加班开会(最好是短会)是有必要的，故选择B项。15Which of the following opinions agrees with the passage?APresence of mind guarantees your productivity.BReduced productivity can mean greater medical expenses for the employer.CSome managers expect workers tie themselves with a chain to their desks.DWith a growing demand for creativity on office workers，a prisonlike office is not a wise option.D考查细节理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，把办公室变成一个监狱对员工的创造力毫无益处，故选择D项。